纳米零价铁的制备、改性及对废水中重金属和有机污染物的去除
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摘要
纳米零价铁(nZVI)结合了零价铁还原性强和纳米材料比表面积大的特点,能够高效去除水体中的重金属和有机污染物,是当前环境科学领域研究的热点之一。研究表明单一nZVI颗粒存在易团聚及表面易被氧化等问题,影响nZVI颗粒形态和对污染物去除效果,限制了其在环境修复中的应用。针对目前的研究现状,本文分析并总结了以下内容:①nZVI常用的制备方法;②提高nZVI活性与稳定性的改性方法,如合成时添加表面活性剂和负载材料;③nZVI去除废水中Cr、Cd、Cu和As等重金属和硝基苯、氯代芳烃、氯代脂肪烃等有机污染物的主要机理及影响因素;④应用于自然环境中的nZVI可能对环境产生的毒理学效应和在环境修复过程中存在的潜在风险及其评估;⑤对nZVI今后的研究重点和方向进行分析和展望。
Combined with the outstanding reducing property of zero-valent iron and enormous surface area of the nanometer materials, nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) can efficiently remove heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater and becomes one of the hottest topics in environmental science.Previous studies have found that single nZVI particle can easily get agglomeration and surface oxidation,which can influence the morphology of nZVI particle and deteriorate the ability of removing contaminants.Based on current research status, this article has summarized the following contents:(1) the regular preparation methods of nZVI in recent years;(2) the modification methods to improve the activity and stability of nZVI, such as surfactants and loading materials;(3) the main mechanism, influencing factors and toxicological effect of using nZVI to remove heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Cu and As, and organic pollutants such as nitrobenzene, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from wastewater;(4) the toxicological effects of nZVI applied to the natural environment, and potential risks in environmental remediation process; and(5) the future research emphasis and direction of nZVI.
Combined with the outstanding reducing property of zero-valent iron and enormous surface area of the nanometer materials, nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) can efficiently remove heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater and becomes one of the hottest topics in environmental science.Previous studies have found that single nZVI particle can easily get agglomeration and surface oxidation,which can influence the morphology of nZVI particle and deteriorate the ability of removing contaminants.Based on current research status, this article has summarized the following contents:(1) the regular preparation methods of nZVI in recent years;(2) the modification methods to improve the activity and stability of nZVI, such as surfactants and loading materials;(3) the main mechanism, influencing factors and toxicological effect of using nZVI to remove heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Cu and As, and organic pollutants such as nitrobenzene, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from wastewater;(4) the toxicological effects of nZVI applied to the natural environment, and potential risks in environmental remediation process; and(5) the future research emphasis and direction of nZVI.
引文
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