低温对CANON型序批式生物膜反应器脱氮的影响
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摘要
探究了4种低温水平下基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮(CANON)型序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)的运行效果及其氮素转化机制.结果表明,当CANON型SBBR在不同的低温水平下稳定运行后,其脱氮微生物优势菌群发生了不同程度的变化,随之改变了系统的氮素转化途径及其脱氮性能.当温度>15℃时,SBBR中AOB和anammox菌的丰度与活性未受到明显抑制,CANON作用始终是系统脱氮的主要途径,SBBR对TN的平均去除率亦较为理想;而当温度<15℃时,anammox菌的丰度与活性在10,5℃下分别出现不同程度的降低,进而改变了SBBR的氮素转化途径,使其脱氮性能出现不同程度的恶化.在10℃时,NOB的增殖及其活性的提高使硝化/反硝化作用取代CANON作用成为SBBR脱氮的主要途径,此时系统对TN的去除率骤降至(16.87±4.79)%;在5℃时,反硝化过程中第1步还原反应的停滞与反硝化菌对NO_2~--N利用率的提高使SBBR中氮素的去除依赖于CANON作用和短程硝化/反硝化作用的协同,系统对TN的去除率为(54.83±3.68)%.
The treatment performance and underlying molecular mechanisms of nitrogen transformation in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR) with the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) process were investigated at four different low temperatures in this study. After each system achieved the stable stutus in the low temperature environment, different low temperatures resulted in different degrees of variations in the nitrogen removal performance and transformation pathways of the SBBRs, which was mainly because the original dominant bacterial communities for nitrogen removal in the system changed with the temperature during the operation. When the temperature was above 15℃, the abundances and activities of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and anammox bacteria in the SBBR had not been significantly inhibited, the CANON process was the dominant methanism in the nitrogen removal, and the ideal average removal rates of total nitrogen were also achieved. When the temperature was below 15℃, the abundance and activitity of anammox bacteria experienced different degrees of reduction at 10 and 5℃, which led to the change of main pathway for nitrogen transformation in SBBRs, thus the various degrees of deterioration in the nitrogen removal performance. At 10℃, the proliferation and increased activities of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB) made the nitrification/denitrification process replaced CANON to become the primary route of TN removal in the SBBR with the TN removal efficiency of the system declined to(16.87±4.79)%. At 5℃, the stagnation of reduction process in the 1 st stage of denitrification and the increased capacity of denitrifiers to compete for NO_2~--N caused the removal of nitrogen in SBBR to rely on both the CANON process and the nitrification/denitrification process. The nitrogen removal rate at this status was(54.83±3.68)% in the system.
The treatment performance and underlying molecular mechanisms of nitrogen transformation in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR) with the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) process were investigated at four different low temperatures in this study. After each system achieved the stable stutus in the low temperature environment, different low temperatures resulted in different degrees of variations in the nitrogen removal performance and transformation pathways of the SBBRs, which was mainly because the original dominant bacterial communities for nitrogen removal in the system changed with the temperature during the operation. When the temperature was above 15℃, the abundances and activities of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and anammox bacteria in the SBBR had not been significantly inhibited, the CANON process was the dominant methanism in the nitrogen removal, and the ideal average removal rates of total nitrogen were also achieved. When the temperature was below 15℃, the abundance and activitity of anammox bacteria experienced different degrees of reduction at 10 and 5℃, which led to the change of main pathway for nitrogen transformation in SBBRs, thus the various degrees of deterioration in the nitrogen removal performance. At 10℃, the proliferation and increased activities of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB) made the nitrification/denitrification process replaced CANON to become the primary route of TN removal in the SBBR with the TN removal efficiency of the system declined to(16.87±4.79)%. At 5℃, the stagnation of reduction process in the 1 st stage of denitrification and the increased capacity of denitrifiers to compete for NO_2~--N caused the removal of nitrogen in SBBR to rely on both the CANON process and the nitrification/denitrification process. The nitrogen removal rate at this status was(54.83±3.68)% in the system.
引文
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[31]Yang Q,Peng Y,Liu X,et al.Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal wastewater at low temperatures using real-time control to optimize nitrifying communities[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,41(23):8159-8164.
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[3]李冬,苏庆岭,梁瑜海,等.CANON颗粒污泥高效脱氮及处理生活污水实验研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2015,47(8):79-86.Li D,Su Q,Liang Y,et al.Efficient nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater by CANON granular sludge[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2015,47(8):79-86.
[4]王亚宜,黎力,马骁,等.厌氧氨氧化菌的生物特性及CANON厌氧氨氧化工艺[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1362-1374.Wang Y,Li L,Ma X,et al.Bio-characteristics of anammox bacteria and CANON anammox process[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(6):1362-1374.
[5]张倩,王淑莹,苗圆圆,等.间歇低氧曝气下CANON工艺处理生活污水的启动[J].化工学报,2017,68(1):289-296.Zhang Q,Wang S,Miao Y,et al.Start-up of CANON process on domestic wastewater using intermittent aeration with low DO[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(1):289-296.
[6]郑雅楠,滝川哲夫,郭建华,等.SBR法常、低温下生活污水短程硝化的实现及特性[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(9):935-940.Zhen Y,AKIO T,Guo J,et al.Partial nitrification via nitrite at ordinary and low temperature in an SBR treating domestic wastewater[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(9):935-940.
[7]王衫允,马斌,贾方旭,等.AAO污水处理工艺中厌氧氨氧化效能及微生物交互作用[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):1988-1996.Wang S,Ma B,Jia F,et al.The role and microbial interaction of anammox in WWTPs with AAO process[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):1988-1996.
[8]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.CANON反应器运行稳定性及温度冲击的影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(10):3507-3512.Fu K,Zhang J,Cao X,et al.Performance stability of CANON reactor and temperature impact[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(10):3507-3512.
[9]张杰,付昆明,曹相生,等.序批式生物膜CANON工艺的运行与温度的影响[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(8):850-855.Zhang J,Fu K,Cao X,et al.Performance of CANON process in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor and influence of temperature[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(8):850-855.
[10]Tomaszewski M,Cema G,Ziembińska-Buczyńska A.Influence of temperature and pH on the anammox process:A review and meta-analysis[J].Chemosphere,2017,182:203-214.
[11]Gonzalez-Martinez A,Rodriguez-Sanchez A,Garcia-Ruiz M J,et al.Performance and bacterial community dynamics of a CANONbioreactor acclimated from high to low operational temperatures[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,287:557-567.
[12]Liu T,Li D,Zhang J,et al.Effect of temperature on functional bacterial abundance and community structure in CANON process[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2016,105:306-313.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:227-285.General Administration of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China.Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002:227-285.
[14]高瑶远,彭永臻,包鹏,等.低溶解氧环境下全程硝化活性污泥的特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):1769-1774.Gao Y,Peng Y,Bao P,et al.The characteristics of activated sludge in nitrifying low DO reactor[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(5):1769-1774.
[15]宋成康,王亚宜,韩海成,等.温度降低对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2006-2013.Song C,Wang Y,Han H,et al.Effect of decreasing temperature on the performance and extracellular polymer substance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):2006-2013.
[16]郑照明,李军,杨京月,等.不同C/N比和碳源种类条件下的SNAD生物膜脱氮性能[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1331-1338.Zheng Z,Li J,Yang J,et al.The nitrogen removal performance of the SNAD biofilm with different C/N ratios and carbon sources[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1331-1338.
[17]Ji G,Zhi W,Tan Y.Association of nitrogen micro-cycle functional genes in subsurface wastewater infiltration systems[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,44:269-277.
[18]Zhi W,Ji G.Quantitative response relationships between nitrogen transformation rates and nitrogen functional genes in a tidal flow constructed wetland under C/N ratio constraints[J].Water Research,2014,64:32-41.
[19]王梅香,赵伟华,王淑莹,等.A2N2系统反硝化除磷性能的优化及稳定运行[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(11):3311-3320.Wang M,Zhao W,Wang S,et al.Denitrifying phosphorus removal performance optimization and stable operation of A2N2 system[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(11):3311-3320.
[20]Poly F,Wertz S,Brothier E,et al.First exploration of Nitrobacter diversity in soils by a PCR cloning-sequencing approach targeting functional gene nxrA[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2007,63(1):132-140.
[21]李冬,赵世勋,关宏伟,等.常温低氨氮CANON工艺稳定性研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):102-107.Li D,Zhao S,Guan H,et al.Stable operation of CANON process at normal temperature and low ammonia concentration[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(1):102-107.
[22]Zhu X,Chen Y.Reduction of N2O and NO generation in anaerobicaerobic(low dissolved oxygen)biological wastewater treatment process by using sludge alkaline fermentation liquid[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(6):2137-2143.
[23]靳慧征,王振,丁亚男.排水速率对潮汐流人工湿地中CANON作用的强化[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(6):2182-2192.Jin H,Wang Z,Ding Y.Effect of drainage rate on the enhancement of the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process in a tidal flow constructed wetland[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(6):2182-2192.
[24]魏思佳,于德爽,李津,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳研究Ⅰ:COD/NH4+-N对耦合反应的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):759-767.Wei S,Yu D,Li J,et al.Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrificationⅠ:effect of COD/NH4+-N on coupled reaction[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(3):759-767.
[25]刘常敬,李泽兵,郑照明,等.不同有机物对厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):87-94.Liu C,Li Z,Zheng Z,et al.Effect of different organic matters on anammox coupling denitrifying[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(1):87-94.
[26]李冬,杨卓,梁瑜海,等.耦合反硝化的CANON生物滤池脱氮研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1448-1456.Li D,Yang Z,Liang Y,et al.Nitrogen removal performance by CANON biological filtration with denitrification[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(6):1448-1456.
[27]李冬,何永平,张肖静,等.MBR系统CANON工艺的快速启动及微生物种群特征[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2788-2795.Li D,He Y,Zhang X,et al.The fast start-up of CANON process in MBR system and the characterization of microbes[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2788-2795.
[28]Castro-Barros C,Jia M,van Loosdrecht M C M,et al.Evaluating the potential for dissimilatory nitrate reduction by anammox bacteria for municipal wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,233:363-372.
[29]闫媛,黎力,王亚宜,等.采用高通量测序分析全程自养脱氮(CANON)系统不同脱氮效能下的微生物群落结构[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(10):1485-1492.Yan Y,Li L,Wang Y,et al.Microbial community characteristics of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON)system based on high-throughput sequencing technology[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(10):1485-1492.
[30]Zhou H,Li X,Xu G,et al.Overview of strategies for enhanced treatment of municipal/domestic wastewater at low temperature[J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,643:225-237.
[31]Yang Q,Peng Y,Liu X,et al.Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal wastewater at low temperatures using real-time control to optimize nitrifying communities[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,41(23):8159-8164.
[32]Kumar M,Lin J G,Co-existence of anammox and denitrification for simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal-strategies and issues[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178(1):1-9.
[33]Pang Y,Zhang Y,Yan X.et al.Cold temperature effects on long-term nitrogen transformation pathway in a tidal flow constructed wetland[J].Environmental science&technology 2015,49(22):13550-13557.
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