新能源高占比的特高压电网频率控制模式及性能评价
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摘要
在新能源广域消纳和特高压交直流混联的电网新特征下,频率控制模式及其控制性能评价方式应该发生改变。基于协同控制理念,提出了省网采用新的协同频率偏差控制模式(cooperationfrequencybias control,CFBC);针对交直流混联增强区域网间相互影响的情况,论述了交流互联采用联络线功率频率偏差控制模式、直流互联采用定频率控制模式的合理性;综合分析国内外电网评价标准,提出新的通用评价方法,包括长期的频差均方根值约束和短期的频率持续越限时间约束;建立针对网调和省调的两层级评价结构,并设置了新的频率偏差系数和控制偏差。仿真表明,省调采用CFBC模式有利于充分利用全网调节资源,实现频率快速恢复;网调采用联络线功率频率偏差控制模式益于实现交流互联区域网的自治管理以及责任的划分;该文评价方法既能满足电网长期和短期的运行要求,又能减少机组调节次数。
Renewable energy large-scale accommodation and hybrid UHVAC/DC become new features of modern power grid. Frequency control mode and performance assessment method should be changed with the new features. With the idea of cooperation control, a new frequency control mode, called cooperation frequency bias control(CFBC), is proposed for provincial grids in this paper. Considering that hybrid UHVAC/DC enhances interaction between regional grids, it is proved that tie-line bias frequency control(TBC) mode fits the regional grids with UHVAC interconnection and flat frequency control(FFC) mode is suitable for the regional grids with UHVDC interconnection. A new common assessment method is proposed through analysis of some assessment standards in China and abroad. The method includes root mean square(RMS) index for frequency deviation and duration index for over-limit frequency. A two-layer assessment structure with regional grids and provincial grids assessed independently and respectively is established. In this structure, new types of frequency response coefficient and area control error are defined. Test results show that the case of provincial grids with CFBC mode is beneficial for full use of regulation resources in whole regional grid. When the regional grids with UHVAC interconnection use TBC mode, their autonomous management and responsibility assignment are easy to complete. The proposed assessment method can meet requirements of short-and long-term operation security and decrease times of unit regulation.
Renewable energy large-scale accommodation and hybrid UHVAC/DC become new features of modern power grid. Frequency control mode and performance assessment method should be changed with the new features. With the idea of cooperation control, a new frequency control mode, called cooperation frequency bias control(CFBC), is proposed for provincial grids in this paper. Considering that hybrid UHVAC/DC enhances interaction between regional grids, it is proved that tie-line bias frequency control(TBC) mode fits the regional grids with UHVAC interconnection and flat frequency control(FFC) mode is suitable for the regional grids with UHVDC interconnection. A new common assessment method is proposed through analysis of some assessment standards in China and abroad. The method includes root mean square(RMS) index for frequency deviation and duration index for over-limit frequency. A two-layer assessment structure with regional grids and provincial grids assessed independently and respectively is established. In this structure, new types of frequency response coefficient and area control error are defined. Test results show that the case of provincial grids with CFBC mode is beneficial for full use of regulation resources in whole regional grid. When the regional grids with UHVAC interconnection use TBC mode, their autonomous management and responsibility assignment are easy to complete. The proposed assessment method can meet requirements of short-and long-term operation security and decrease times of unit regulation.
引文
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[18]李滨,吴思缘,阳育德,等.大型风电场的控制性能评价标准及储能控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4691-4698.Li Bin,Wu Siyuan,Yang yude,et al.A research on the controlperformance standard and energy storage control strategy for largescale wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4691-4698(in Chinese).
[19]NERC.Reliability standards for the bulk electric systems of NorthAmerica [EB/OL].[2015-05-01].http://www.nerc.com/.
[20]NERC.BAL-001-2-real power balancing control performance standardbackground document [EB/OL].[2015-02-01].http://www. nerc.com/.
[21]ENTSO-E.An Introduction to Network Codes &The Links BetweenCodes [EB/OL].[2014-04-01].https://www.entsoe.eu/.
[22]ENTSO-E.Establishing a guideline on electricity transmission systemoperation [EB/OL].[2017-08-25].http://eur-lex.europa.eu/.
[23]巴宇,刘娆,李卫东.CPS 及其考核在北美与国内的应用比较[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(15):63-72.Ba Yu,Liu Rao,Li Weidong,et al.Comparison of CPS and itsassessment between north America and China[J].Automation ofElectric Power Systems,2012,36(15):63-72(in Chinese).
[24]谈超,戴则梅,滕贤亮,等.基于修正区域控制偏差的多区域协同控制技术(一)驱动、现状与发展建议[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(1):88-94.Tan Chao,Dai Zemei,Teng Xianliang,et al.Technologies forcoordinated control among multiple control areas based on ACEcorrection part one driving force,state of the art and developmentproposals[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(1):88-94(in Chinese).
[25]US Department of Energy.Analysis methodology for balancingauthority cooperation in high penetration of variable generation[EB/OL].[2018-02-01].http://www.pnl.gov
[26]周毅,钱学东.华东电网动态区域控制误差应用分析[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(8):106-110.Zhou Yi,Qian Xuedong.Applications analysis of dynamic ACE ineast china power grid[J].Automation 2010,34(8):106-110(in Chinese).
[2]舒印彪,张智刚,郭剑波,等.新能源消纳关键因素分析及解决措施研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):1-8.Shu Yinbiao,Zhang Zhigang,Guo Jianbo,et al.Study on key factorsand solution of renewable energy accommodation[J].Proceedings ofthe CSEE,2017,37(1):1-8(in Chinese).
[3]姚良忠,朱凌志,周明,等.高比例可再生能源电力系统的协同优化运行技术展望[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):36-43.Yao Liangzhong,Zhu Lingzhi,Zhou Ming,et al.Prospects ofcoordination and optimization for power systems with high proportionof renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):36-43(in Chinese).
[4]刘乐,刘娆,李卫东.电力市场的区域调频责任偏差交易机制[J].电网技术,2009,33(20):104-107.Liu Le,Liu Rao,Li Weidong.Transaction Mechanism of AreaFrequency Control Responsibility Error for Electricity Market[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(20):104-107(in Chinese).
[5]陈铭,刘娆,吕泉,等.AGC 机组分群控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):868-873.Chen Ming,Liu Rao,Lü Quan,et al.A grouping control strategy forAGC units[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):868-873(inChinese).
[6]常烨骙,刘娆,巴宇,等.平衡监管区区域控制偏差限制标准剖析[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):256-262.Chang Yekui,Liu Rao,Ba Yu,et al.Analysis of balancing authorityACE limit standard of north america[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):256-262(in Chinese).
[7]徐兴伟,林伟.互联电网控制性能标准下自动发电控制策略的选择[J].电网技术,2003,27(10):32-34.Xu Xingwei,Lin Wei.Selection of automatic generation controlstrategy under control performance standard for interconnected powergrids[J].Power System Technology,2003,27(10):32-34(in Chinese).
[8]杨经纬,张宁,王毅,等.面向可再生能源消纳的多能源系统述评与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(4):1-14.Yang Jingwei,Zhang Ning,Wang Yi,et al.Review and prospect ofmultiple energy systems towards Renewable energy accommodation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(4):1-14(in Chinese).
[9]彭克,张聪,徐丙垠,等.多能协同综合能源系统示范工程现状与展望[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):3-10.Peng Ke,Zhang Cong,Xu Bingyin,et al.Status and prospect of pilotprojects of integrated energy system with multi-energy collaboration[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(6):3-10(in Chinese).
[10]史连军,周琳,庞博,等.中国促进清洁能源消纳的市场机制设计思路[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(24):83-89.Shi Lianjun,Zhou Lin,Pang Bo,et al.Design ideas of electricitymarket mechanism to improve accommodation of clean energy inChina[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(24):83-89(in Chinese).
[11]何永秀,宋栋,夏天,等.基于合作博弈论的常规能源与新能源发电权置换交易模式研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2485-2490.He Yongxiu,Song Dong,Xia Tian,et al.Mode of generation righttrade between renewable energy and conventional energy based oncooperative game theory[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(8):2485-2490(in Chinese).
[12]栗峰,王建学,程海花.面向新能源外送消纳的区域间概率可用传输能力计算[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):348-353.Li Feng,Wang Jianxue,Cheng Haihua.Probabilistic calculation ofinterregional available transfer capability aiming at accommodatingrenewable energy[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):348-353(in Chinese).
[13]徐帆,丁恰,韩红卫,等.促进跨区新能源消纳的直流联络线功率优化模型及分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(18):152-159.Xu Fan,Ding Qia,Han Hongwei,et al.Power optimization modeland analysis of HVDC tie-line for promoting integration of interregionalrenewable energy accommodation[J].Automation of ElectricPower Systems,2017,41(18):152-159(in Chinese).
[14]Ahmadi-Khatir A,Conejo A J,Cherkaoui R.Multi-area energy andreserve dispatch under wind uncertainty and equipment failures[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):4373-4383.
[15]滕贤亮,高宗和,朱斌,等.智能电网调度控制系统AGC 需求分析及关键技术[J]. 电力系统自动化,2015,39(1):81-87.Teng Xianliang,Gao Zonghe,Zhu bin,et al.Requirements analysisand key technologies for automatic generation control for smart griddispatching and control systems[J].Automation of Electric PowerSystems,2015,39(1):81-87(in Chinese).
[16]高宗和,滕贤亮,张小白.适应大规模风电接入的互联电网有功调度与控制方案[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(17):37-41.Gao Zonghe,Teng Xianliang,Zhang Xiaobai.Design of fiber resourcemanagement system integrated with transmission and distributionproduction management system[J].Automation of Electric PowerSystems,2010,34(17):37-41(in Chinese).
[17]单茂华,杨胜春,雍太有,等.风电大规模集中并网后的互联电网有功功率控制性能评价模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3221-3230.Shan Maohua,Yang Shengchun,Yong Taiyou,et al.An active powercontrol performance evaluation model for interconnected power gridadapted to the large-scale wind power integration[J].Proceedings ofthe CSEE,2015,35(13):3221-3230(in Chinese).
[18]李滨,吴思缘,阳育德,等.大型风电场的控制性能评价标准及储能控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4691-4698.Li Bin,Wu Siyuan,Yang yude,et al.A research on the controlperformance standard and energy storage control strategy for largescale wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4691-4698(in Chinese).
[19]NERC.Reliability standards for the bulk electric systems of NorthAmerica [EB/OL].[2015-05-01].http://www.nerc.com/.
[20]NERC.BAL-001-2-real power balancing control performance standardbackground document [EB/OL].[2015-02-01].http://www. nerc.com/.
[21]ENTSO-E.An Introduction to Network Codes &The Links BetweenCodes [EB/OL].[2014-04-01].https://www.entsoe.eu/.
[22]ENTSO-E.Establishing a guideline on electricity transmission systemoperation [EB/OL].[2017-08-25].http://eur-lex.europa.eu/.
[23]巴宇,刘娆,李卫东.CPS 及其考核在北美与国内的应用比较[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(15):63-72.Ba Yu,Liu Rao,Li Weidong,et al.Comparison of CPS and itsassessment between north America and China[J].Automation ofElectric Power Systems,2012,36(15):63-72(in Chinese).
[24]谈超,戴则梅,滕贤亮,等.基于修正区域控制偏差的多区域协同控制技术(一)驱动、现状与发展建议[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(1):88-94.Tan Chao,Dai Zemei,Teng Xianliang,et al.Technologies forcoordinated control among multiple control areas based on ACEcorrection part one driving force,state of the art and developmentproposals[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(1):88-94(in Chinese).
[25]US Department of Energy.Analysis methodology for balancingauthority cooperation in high penetration of variable generation[EB/OL].[2018-02-01].http://www.pnl.gov
[26]周毅,钱学东.华东电网动态区域控制误差应用分析[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(8):106-110.Zhou Yi,Qian Xuedong.Applications analysis of dynamic ACE ineast china power grid[J].Automation 2010,34(8):106-110(in Chinese).
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