聚磷酸铵的应用研究进展
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摘要
综述了聚磷酸铵在灭火剂、纸基材料、涂料及塑料中的应用及近期的研究进展。聚磷酸铵因晶型不同,其性能和应用领域不同。Ⅰ型聚磷酸铵热分解温度低,主要用于灭火剂;Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵水溶性较低、热稳定性好,常用作阻燃剂的主要成分。另外,由于APP单独用作阻燃剂时阻燃效果不好及存在吸湿性问题,因此需要对其进行改性和与其他组分进行复配以达到较好的阻燃效果。
This paper reviewed the application and recent research in the extinguisher,paper-based materials,coating and plastic. The ammonium polyphosphate( APP) with different crystalline could provide different physical and chemical properties and could be applied in different fields. APP Ⅰ was used in extinguisher,due to its low thermal decomposition temperature. APPⅡwas used in fire retardant,due to its insolubility and thermal stability. In addition,due to the poor fire retardation and hygroscopicity,the APP should be modified and mixed with other synergistic agents,to improve the fire resistance.
This paper reviewed the application and recent research in the extinguisher,paper-based materials,coating and plastic. The ammonium polyphosphate( APP) with different crystalline could provide different physical and chemical properties and could be applied in different fields. APP Ⅰ was used in extinguisher,due to its low thermal decomposition temperature. APPⅡwas used in fire retardant,due to its insolubility and thermal stability. In addition,due to the poor fire retardation and hygroscopicity,the APP should be modified and mixed with other synergistic agents,to improve the fire resistance.
引文
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[2]张文成.水基灭火剂优化设计和爆炸抛撒装置的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2013.
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[13]吴润泽,张银花,董海斌,等.聚磷酸铵对膨胀型防火涂料耐火性能的影响[J].现代涂料与涂装,2015,18(7):26-29.
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[16]田春明,谢吉星,王海雷,等.膨胀石墨在聚乙烯中阻燃协效作用的研究[J].中国塑料,2003(12):51-54.
[17]LIN L,XU M J,LI B,et al.Hydrophobic modification of ammonium polyphosphate and its application in flame retardant polypropylene composites[J].China Plast,2013,27(4):42-46.
[18]杨俊.聚乙烯用无卤阻燃剂的合成与性能研究[D].绵阳:西南科技大学,2009.
[19]贾莹莹.聚磷酸铵复合阻燃剂对木粉/聚乙烯复合材料的阻燃作用[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[20]李佳.湿法磷酸路线制备的聚磷酸铵对聚丙烯阻燃特性研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2012.
[21]李旭,吴向阳,徐静安,等.三嗪类成炭剂的合成及对聚丙烯的阻燃[J].现代塑料加工应用,2009,21(2):49-52.
[22]高苏亮,戴进峰,李斌.改性聚磷酸铵对三嗪类膨胀阻燃聚丙烯性能的影响[J].塑料科技,2009,37(7):42-46.
[23]CAO K,WANG K L,YAO Z,et al.Modified ammonium polyphosphate and its application on polypropylene[J].Polym Mater Sci Eng,2007(4):136-139.
[24]QIN Z L,LI D H,YANG R J.Preparation of ammonium polyphosphate coated with aluminium hydroxide and its application in polypropylene as flame retardant[J].J Inorg Mater,2015,30(12):1267-1272.
[25]郝冬梅,林倬仕,尹亮,等.微胶囊化膨胀阻燃剂及膨胀阻燃聚丙烯性能的研究[J].工程塑料应用,2007(5):12-15.
[26]王一帆.微胶囊聚磷酸铵用于全水发泡聚氨酯硬质泡沫阻燃性能研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2017.
[27]韦思其,陈健武.微胶囊化聚磷酸铵阻燃单组分聚氨酯防水涂料的制备及性能研究[J].涂料工业,2012(7):31-34,44.
[28]任绍志,靳晓雨,王宇旋.聚磷酸铵微胶囊化及其在聚氨酯密封胶中的阻燃应用[J].广东化工,2011,38(7):244-246.
[29]NI J,CHEN L,ZHAO K,et al.Preparation of gel-silica/ammonium polyphosphate core-shell flame retardant and properties of polyurethane composites[J].Polym Adv Technol,2011,22(12):1824-1831.
[30]白静兰,张琪,孙立婧,等.可膨胀石墨/聚磷酸铵协效阻燃PUI泡沫塑料研究[J].工程塑料应用,2015,43(3):30-34.
[31]WANG W J.Study on combustion performance of waterborne polyurethane with organosilicon&ammonium polyphosphate synergistic flame retardant[J].Silicone Mater,2015,29(3):175-178.
[2]张文成.水基灭火剂优化设计和爆炸抛撒装置的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2013.
[3]BAO Z M,ZHANG X Z,FU X C,et al.Study of the dispensation formula of fire-extinguishing foam based on the biodegradability analysis[J].J Saf Environ,2013,13(2):72-75.
[4]徐晓楠.灭火剂与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[5]刘慧敏,杜志明,韩志跃,等.干粉灭火剂研究及应用进展[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(6):70-75.
[6]胡炳成,吕春绪,刘祖亮,等.低聚磷酸铵的合成及其在灭火剂中的应用[J].爆破器材,2001(6):30-33.
[7]吕志涛,洪东,李燕,等.聚磷酸铵对水系灭火剂效能的影响研究[J].消防科学与技术,2012,31(11):1197-1200.
[8]洪莉,胡健,徐桂龙,等.聚磷酸铵制备阻燃型空气过滤纸[J].中华纸业,2011,32(24):49-52.
[9]SHA L Z,CHEN K F.Surface modification of ammonium polyphosphate diatomaceous earth composite filler and its application in flame-retardant paper[J].J Therm Anal Calorim,2016,123(1):339-347.
[10]尚成新,杨帅.水溶性聚磷酸铵的纸张阻燃[J].杭州化工,2010,40(1):26-28.
[11]ZHOU A A,ZHENG S Y,ZHANG L Q,et al.Preparation of siloxane-enwrapped ammonium polyphosphate and its application in coating agents[J].Textile Auxiliaries,2007(12):21-23.
[12]陈铁鑫,郭岳峰.改性聚磷酸铵在室内水性超薄型钢结构防火涂料中的应用[J].中国涂料,2012,27(1):31-33.
[13]吴润泽,张银花,董海斌,等.聚磷酸铵对膨胀型防火涂料耐火性能的影响[J].现代涂料与涂装,2015,18(7):26-29.
[14]徐锐,张培.聚磷酸铵在膨胀型防火涂料中的应用研究[J].中国科技博览,2011(16):26-27.
[15]ZHANG G C,DONG S L,ZHANG Q Y,et al.Study on preparation and fire-retardant mechanism analysis of intumescent flame-retardant coatings[J].Surf Coat Technol,2007,201(18):7835-7841.
[16]田春明,谢吉星,王海雷,等.膨胀石墨在聚乙烯中阻燃协效作用的研究[J].中国塑料,2003(12):51-54.
[17]LIN L,XU M J,LI B,et al.Hydrophobic modification of ammonium polyphosphate and its application in flame retardant polypropylene composites[J].China Plast,2013,27(4):42-46.
[18]杨俊.聚乙烯用无卤阻燃剂的合成与性能研究[D].绵阳:西南科技大学,2009.
[19]贾莹莹.聚磷酸铵复合阻燃剂对木粉/聚乙烯复合材料的阻燃作用[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[20]李佳.湿法磷酸路线制备的聚磷酸铵对聚丙烯阻燃特性研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2012.
[21]李旭,吴向阳,徐静安,等.三嗪类成炭剂的合成及对聚丙烯的阻燃[J].现代塑料加工应用,2009,21(2):49-52.
[22]高苏亮,戴进峰,李斌.改性聚磷酸铵对三嗪类膨胀阻燃聚丙烯性能的影响[J].塑料科技,2009,37(7):42-46.
[23]CAO K,WANG K L,YAO Z,et al.Modified ammonium polyphosphate and its application on polypropylene[J].Polym Mater Sci Eng,2007(4):136-139.
[24]QIN Z L,LI D H,YANG R J.Preparation of ammonium polyphosphate coated with aluminium hydroxide and its application in polypropylene as flame retardant[J].J Inorg Mater,2015,30(12):1267-1272.
[25]郝冬梅,林倬仕,尹亮,等.微胶囊化膨胀阻燃剂及膨胀阻燃聚丙烯性能的研究[J].工程塑料应用,2007(5):12-15.
[26]王一帆.微胶囊聚磷酸铵用于全水发泡聚氨酯硬质泡沫阻燃性能研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2017.
[27]韦思其,陈健武.微胶囊化聚磷酸铵阻燃单组分聚氨酯防水涂料的制备及性能研究[J].涂料工业,2012(7):31-34,44.
[28]任绍志,靳晓雨,王宇旋.聚磷酸铵微胶囊化及其在聚氨酯密封胶中的阻燃应用[J].广东化工,2011,38(7):244-246.
[29]NI J,CHEN L,ZHAO K,et al.Preparation of gel-silica/ammonium polyphosphate core-shell flame retardant and properties of polyurethane composites[J].Polym Adv Technol,2011,22(12):1824-1831.
[30]白静兰,张琪,孙立婧,等.可膨胀石墨/聚磷酸铵协效阻燃PUI泡沫塑料研究[J].工程塑料应用,2015,43(3):30-34.
[31]WANG W J.Study on combustion performance of waterborne polyurethane with organosilicon&ammonium polyphosphate synergistic flame retardant[J].Silicone Mater,2015,29(3):175-178.