基于AHP的黑龙江省智慧农业综合效益评估
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摘要
[目的]传统农业的发展模式已不再适用于当前社会的快速发展,智慧农业在一定程度上可实现资源的集约化利用,减少农业投入成本,是今后我国农业发展的方向。[方法]文章采用层次分析法,从经济效益、社会效益和生态效益3个层面构建了包括12个指标在内的黑龙江省智慧农业综合效益评估体系,通过相关领域专家打分,确定了最能直观反映综合效益的评价指标,并针对这些指标进行了评估。[结果]农业源COD排放量、农业节水灌溉面积、农村人均纯收入、农业源氨氮排放量、化肥的施用量和第一产业用电量等6个指标权重值较大。黑龙江省智慧农业的应用,降低了农业源化学需氧量和氨氮的排放量,节省了水资源和化学肥料的消耗,增加了农村人均收入,但由于目前普及率较低,第一产业用电量依然消耗较大。[结论]黑龙江省应调整农业产业结构,加大智慧农业的普及,建立和完善科技创新信息服务体系,引导小农户提高农业技术水平,提高农业生产者的节水节电意识,减少水电浪费,努力实现农业的集约化管理。
The development mode of traditional agriculture is no longer applicable to the rapid development of the current society. Smart agriculture can achieve intensive use of resources to a certain extent and reduce the input cost of agriculture. It is the direction of China' s agricultural development in the future. This study used AHP to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for smart agricultural efficiency in Heilongjiang province including 12 indicators from the three levels of economic benefits,social benefits,and ecological benefits,and identified and evaluated the most intuitively comprehensive evaluation indicators of benefits by the scoring of experts in relevant fields. The weights of six indicators including agricultural sources COD emissions,agricultural water-saving irrigation areas,rural per capita net income,agricultural sources ammonia nitrogen emissions,chemical fertilizer application amount,and primary industrial electricity consumption are larger. The application of smart agriculture in Heilongjiang province reduced the amount of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions from agricultural sources,saved the consumption of water resources and chemical fertilizers,and increased rural per capita income. However,due to the current low popularity rate,the amount of electricity in the primary industry is still relatively high. In the future,it should adjust the structure of the agricultural industry,increase the popularization of smart agriculture,establish and improve the scientific and technological innovation information service system,guide small holders to improve the level of agricultural technology,increase the awareness of water-saving and energy-saving of agricultural producers,and reduce the waste of hydropower to achieve intensive management of agriculture in Heilongjiang province.
The development mode of traditional agriculture is no longer applicable to the rapid development of the current society. Smart agriculture can achieve intensive use of resources to a certain extent and reduce the input cost of agriculture. It is the direction of China' s agricultural development in the future. This study used AHP to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for smart agricultural efficiency in Heilongjiang province including 12 indicators from the three levels of economic benefits,social benefits,and ecological benefits,and identified and evaluated the most intuitively comprehensive evaluation indicators of benefits by the scoring of experts in relevant fields. The weights of six indicators including agricultural sources COD emissions,agricultural water-saving irrigation areas,rural per capita net income,agricultural sources ammonia nitrogen emissions,chemical fertilizer application amount,and primary industrial electricity consumption are larger. The application of smart agriculture in Heilongjiang province reduced the amount of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions from agricultural sources,saved the consumption of water resources and chemical fertilizers,and increased rural per capita income. However,due to the current low popularity rate,the amount of electricity in the primary industry is still relatively high. In the future,it should adjust the structure of the agricultural industry,increase the popularization of smart agriculture,establish and improve the scientific and technological innovation information service system,guide small holders to improve the level of agricultural technology,increase the awareness of water-saving and energy-saving of agricultural producers,and reduce the waste of hydropower to achieve intensive management of agriculture in Heilongjiang province.
引文
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[10]郑海光,鲁建斌,曹剑飞,等.农业物联网项目在张家口设施农业中的应用与经济效益分析.蔬菜,2016(7):46-48.
[11]王小莉,周仕国,赵颖,等.襄阳市智慧农业评价标准在现代农业示范区建设中的应用.现代农业科技,2018(4).
[12]杜雅刚.黑龙江垦区基于物联网的智慧农业应用方案研究.现代化农业,2015(12):54-56.
[2]刘海启.加快数字农业建设为农业农村现代化增添新动能.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(12):1-6.
[3]刘林森.美国:打造智慧农业.信息化建设,2011(12):44-46.
[4]杨大蓉.中国智慧农业产业发展策略.江苏农业科学,2014,42(4):1-2.
[5]胡亚兰,张荣.我国智慧农业的运营模式问题与战略对策.经济体制改革,2017(4):70-76.
[6]李道亮.物联网与智慧农业.农业工程,2012,2(1):1-7.
[7]惠为民,周亚军,丁波.农业物联网平台构建.农业与技术,2016,36(8):244-244.
[8]王海宏,周卫红,李建龙,等.我国智慧农业研究的现状·问题与发展趋势.安徽农业科学,2016,44(17):279-282.
[9]张宇,张可辉,严小青.农业物联网架构、应用及社会经济效益.农机化研究,2014(10):1-5.
[10]郑海光,鲁建斌,曹剑飞,等.农业物联网项目在张家口设施农业中的应用与经济效益分析.蔬菜,2016(7):46-48.
[11]王小莉,周仕国,赵颖,等.襄阳市智慧农业评价标准在现代农业示范区建设中的应用.现代农业科技,2018(4).
[12]杜雅刚.黑龙江垦区基于物联网的智慧农业应用方案研究.现代化农业,2015(12):54-56.