基于SEM与数字图像相关方法的HTPB推进剂裂尖扩展过程分析
|
摘要
为了从细观角度获得端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂裂纹的扩展特性并分析裂纹的细观破坏机理,通过原位扫描电镜(SEM)对HTPB推进剂三点弯试验裂纹尖端损伤及扩展过程进行了观察,获得了不同变形阶段的裂纹扩展变形形貌,并采用数字图像相关方法分析了图片序列,获得了推进剂裂纹尖端变形场。结果表明,随着推进剂裂纹的不断张开,当挤压位移达到1mm时,裂尖附近应变极值为0.3474,固体颗粒出现脱湿现象,颗粒周边基体受到了较大的应变作用;当挤压位移为2.5mm时,应变极值达0.4168,颗粒和基体界面产生的微裂纹与主裂纹汇聚导致裂纹的扩展。数字图像相关方法和扫描电镜相结合,可用于推进剂在细观尺度下的变形场测量与裂尖扩展过程的破坏机理分析。
To obtain the crack propagation characteristics of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) propellant from a microscopic point of view and analyze the mesoscopic failure mechanism of the crack, the crack tip deformation and expansion process of HTPB propellant three-point bending test were observed by in-situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The crack propagation deformation morphology of different deformation stages was obtained. The image sequence was analyzed by a digital image correlation method and the deformation field at propellant crack tip was obtained. Results show that the strain extreme value near the crack tip is 0.3474 when the extrusion displacement reaches 1 mm as the crack continues to open, the solid particles near the crack tip appear dehumidification and the matrix around the particle is subjected to larger strain. When the extrusion displacement is 2.5 mm, the strain extreme value near the crack tip is 0.4168, the aggregation of the micro-cracks generated at the interface between the particles and the matrix and the main cracks leads to the crack propagation. The combination of digital image correlation method and scanning electron microscope can be used to measure the deformation field of propellant at the mesoscopic scale and analyzed the failure mechanism of crack tip expansion process.
To obtain the crack propagation characteristics of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) propellant from a microscopic point of view and analyze the mesoscopic failure mechanism of the crack, the crack tip deformation and expansion process of HTPB propellant three-point bending test were observed by in-situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The crack propagation deformation morphology of different deformation stages was obtained. The image sequence was analyzed by a digital image correlation method and the deformation field at propellant crack tip was obtained. Results show that the strain extreme value near the crack tip is 0.3474 when the extrusion displacement reaches 1 mm as the crack continues to open, the solid particles near the crack tip appear dehumidification and the matrix around the particle is subjected to larger strain. When the extrusion displacement is 2.5 mm, the strain extreme value near the crack tip is 0.4168, the aggregation of the micro-cracks generated at the interface between the particles and the matrix and the main cracks leads to the crack propagation. The combination of digital image correlation method and scanning electron microscope can be used to measure the deformation field of propellant at the mesoscopic scale and analyzed the failure mechanism of crack tip expansion process.
引文
[1] Liu C T,Smith C W.Temperature and rate effects on stable crack growth in a particulate composite material[J].Experimental Mechanics,1996,36(3):290-295.
[2] Liu C T. Crack growth behavior in a solid propellant[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1997,56(1):127-135.
[3] 李高春,刘著卿,张璇,等.SEM与数字图像法分析复合推进剂细观破坏[J].含能材料,2013,21(3):330-333. LI Gao-chun,LIU Zhu-qing,ZHANG Xuan,et al. Mesoscale failure in solid propellant by coupling SEM and digital image correlation method[J]. Energetic Materials,2013,21(3):330-333.
[4] 李高春,邢耀国,王玉峰,等.基于细观力学的复合固体推进剂模量预估方法[J].推进技术,2007,28(4):441-444. LI Gao-chun, XING Yao-guo,WANG Yu-feng,et al.A micromechanical method of the effective modulus estimation for the composite propellant[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2007,28(4):441-444.
[5] 常新龙,龙兵,胡宽,等.固体推进剂断裂性能研究进展[J].火炸药学报,2013,36(3):6-13. CHANG Xin-long, LONG Bing, HU Kuan, et al. Progress of study on the fracture performance of solid propellant[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2013,36(3):6-13.
[6] 曾甲牙.丁羟推进剂拉伸断裂行为的扫描电镜观察[J].固体火箭技术,1999,22(4):69-72. ZENG Jia-ya.Study on the fracture behavior of HTPB propellant by means of SEM[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,1999, 22(4):69-72.
[7] 杨明,李高春,邱欣,等.基于SEM原位拉伸的HTPB推进剂/衬层粘结界面破坏过程分析[J].含能材料,2015,23(6):553-557. YANG Ming,LI Gao-chun,QIU Xin,et al.HTPB propellant/liner adhesive interface failure behavior based on SEM in situ tension[J].Energetic Materials, 2015,23(6):553-557.
[8] 刘著卿,李高春,邢耀国,等.复合固体推进剂细观损伤扫描电镜实验及数值模拟[J].推进技术,2011,32(3):412-416. LIU Zhu-qing,LI Gao-chun,XING Yao-guo,et al.Numerical simulation and SEM study on the microstructural damage of composite solid propellants[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2011,32(3):412-416.
[9] 李明,张珏,李敬明,等.高聚物粘结炸药压缩破坏的细观力学实验研究[J].含能材料,2005,13(2):79-83. LI Ming,ZHANG Jue,LI Jing-ming,et al.Experimental investigation to the damage localization of PBX mechanical failure at mesoscale[J]. Energetic Materials,2005,13(2):79-83.
[10] Rae P J,Palmer S J,Goldrein H T.White-light digital image cross-correlation analysis of the deformation of composite materials with random microstructure[J].Optics snd Lasers in Engineering,2004,41:635-648.
[11] Tan H,Liu C,Huang Y,et al.The cohesive law for the particle/matrix interfaces in high explosives[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,2005,53:1892-1917.
[12] 潘兵,谢惠民,续伯钦,等.应用数字图像相关方法测量含缺陷试样的全场变形[J].实验力学,2001,22(3/4):379-384. PAN Bing,XIE Hui-ming,XU Bo-qin,et al.Full-field deformation measurement of specimen with discontinuity using digital image correlation[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2001,22(3-4):379-384.
[13] 高红俐,刘欢,齐子诚,等.基于高速数字图像相关方法的疲劳裂纹尖端位移应变场变化规律研究[J].兵工学报,2015,36(9):1773-1781. GAO Hong-li,LIU Huan,QI Zi-cheng,et al.Research on variation law of fatigue crack-tip displacement and strain fields based on high-speed digital image correlation method[J].Acta Armamentarii, 2015,36 (9):1773-1781.
[14] 刘晨,蓝林钢,唐明峰,等.数字图像相关方法分析PBX带孔板拉伸应变场[J].含能材料,2016,24(9):368-374. LIU Chen,LAN Lin-gang,TANG Ming-feng,et al.Strain analysis for PBX plate with hole under tension based on digital image correlation method[J]. Energetic Materials, 2016,24(9):368-374.
[15] 潘兵,谢惠民,夏勇,等.数字图像相关中基于可靠变形估计的大变形测量[J].光学学报,2009,29(2):400-406. PAN Bing,XIE Hui-min,XIA Yong,et al.Large-deformation measurement based on reliable initial guess in digital image correlation method[J].Acta Optica Sinica, 2009,29(2):400-406.
[16] Blaber J,Adair B,Antoniou A. Ncorr: open-source 2D digital image correlation matlab software[J].Experimental Mechanics, 2015,55(6):1105-1122.
[17] Pan B,Li K,Tong W.Fast,robust and accurate digital image correlation calculation without redundant computations[J]. Experimental Mechanics,2013,53(7):1277-1289.
[18] Pan B,Xie H,Guo Z,et al. Full-field strain measurement using a two-dimensional Savitzky-Golay digital differentiator in digital image correlation[J]. Optical Engineering, 2007, 46(3):033601.
[2] Liu C T. Crack growth behavior in a solid propellant[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1997,56(1):127-135.
[3] 李高春,刘著卿,张璇,等.SEM与数字图像法分析复合推进剂细观破坏[J].含能材料,2013,21(3):330-333. LI Gao-chun,LIU Zhu-qing,ZHANG Xuan,et al. Mesoscale failure in solid propellant by coupling SEM and digital image correlation method[J]. Energetic Materials,2013,21(3):330-333.
[4] 李高春,邢耀国,王玉峰,等.基于细观力学的复合固体推进剂模量预估方法[J].推进技术,2007,28(4):441-444. LI Gao-chun, XING Yao-guo,WANG Yu-feng,et al.A micromechanical method of the effective modulus estimation for the composite propellant[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2007,28(4):441-444.
[5] 常新龙,龙兵,胡宽,等.固体推进剂断裂性能研究进展[J].火炸药学报,2013,36(3):6-13. CHANG Xin-long, LONG Bing, HU Kuan, et al. Progress of study on the fracture performance of solid propellant[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2013,36(3):6-13.
[6] 曾甲牙.丁羟推进剂拉伸断裂行为的扫描电镜观察[J].固体火箭技术,1999,22(4):69-72. ZENG Jia-ya.Study on the fracture behavior of HTPB propellant by means of SEM[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,1999, 22(4):69-72.
[7] 杨明,李高春,邱欣,等.基于SEM原位拉伸的HTPB推进剂/衬层粘结界面破坏过程分析[J].含能材料,2015,23(6):553-557. YANG Ming,LI Gao-chun,QIU Xin,et al.HTPB propellant/liner adhesive interface failure behavior based on SEM in situ tension[J].Energetic Materials, 2015,23(6):553-557.
[8] 刘著卿,李高春,邢耀国,等.复合固体推进剂细观损伤扫描电镜实验及数值模拟[J].推进技术,2011,32(3):412-416. LIU Zhu-qing,LI Gao-chun,XING Yao-guo,et al.Numerical simulation and SEM study on the microstructural damage of composite solid propellants[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2011,32(3):412-416.
[9] 李明,张珏,李敬明,等.高聚物粘结炸药压缩破坏的细观力学实验研究[J].含能材料,2005,13(2):79-83. LI Ming,ZHANG Jue,LI Jing-ming,et al.Experimental investigation to the damage localization of PBX mechanical failure at mesoscale[J]. Energetic Materials,2005,13(2):79-83.
[10] Rae P J,Palmer S J,Goldrein H T.White-light digital image cross-correlation analysis of the deformation of composite materials with random microstructure[J].Optics snd Lasers in Engineering,2004,41:635-648.
[11] Tan H,Liu C,Huang Y,et al.The cohesive law for the particle/matrix interfaces in high explosives[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,2005,53:1892-1917.
[12] 潘兵,谢惠民,续伯钦,等.应用数字图像相关方法测量含缺陷试样的全场变形[J].实验力学,2001,22(3/4):379-384. PAN Bing,XIE Hui-ming,XU Bo-qin,et al.Full-field deformation measurement of specimen with discontinuity using digital image correlation[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2001,22(3-4):379-384.
[13] 高红俐,刘欢,齐子诚,等.基于高速数字图像相关方法的疲劳裂纹尖端位移应变场变化规律研究[J].兵工学报,2015,36(9):1773-1781. GAO Hong-li,LIU Huan,QI Zi-cheng,et al.Research on variation law of fatigue crack-tip displacement and strain fields based on high-speed digital image correlation method[J].Acta Armamentarii, 2015,36 (9):1773-1781.
[14] 刘晨,蓝林钢,唐明峰,等.数字图像相关方法分析PBX带孔板拉伸应变场[J].含能材料,2016,24(9):368-374. LIU Chen,LAN Lin-gang,TANG Ming-feng,et al.Strain analysis for PBX plate with hole under tension based on digital image correlation method[J]. Energetic Materials, 2016,24(9):368-374.
[15] 潘兵,谢惠民,夏勇,等.数字图像相关中基于可靠变形估计的大变形测量[J].光学学报,2009,29(2):400-406. PAN Bing,XIE Hui-min,XIA Yong,et al.Large-deformation measurement based on reliable initial guess in digital image correlation method[J].Acta Optica Sinica, 2009,29(2):400-406.
[16] Blaber J,Adair B,Antoniou A. Ncorr: open-source 2D digital image correlation matlab software[J].Experimental Mechanics, 2015,55(6):1105-1122.
[17] Pan B,Li K,Tong W.Fast,robust and accurate digital image correlation calculation without redundant computations[J]. Experimental Mechanics,2013,53(7):1277-1289.
[18] Pan B,Xie H,Guo Z,et al. Full-field strain measurement using a two-dimensional Savitzky-Golay digital differentiator in digital image correlation[J]. Optical Engineering, 2007, 46(3):033601.