国外城市内部空间与都市农业的整合设计实践及思考
|
摘要
概述中外都市农业在城市中的发展,认识都市农业对现代城市的重要贡献,强调城市内部空间发展都市农业有助于城市可持续发展。分析当前国外城市内部空间与农业整合设计的案例,包括其设计策略、整合方式及技术手段,指出当今西方国家在整合农业过程中更加注重低碳环保性、现代技术性、城市艺术性以及务实创新性。结合我国城市化发展现状,探讨在城市地区发展都市农业的必要性和可行性,并思考中西方差异,对我国城市内都市农业的推进提出四个方面的建议。
This paper summarizes the development of Chinese and foreign urban agriculture in urban areas, and recognizes the important contribution of urban agriculture to modern cities, and emphasizes that intra-urban agriculture is conducive to sustainable urban development. Then, it analyzes integrated design cases of internal space and agriculture in foreign cities, including their design strategies, integrating methods and technical means, and points out that the current western countries pay more attention to low carbon environmental protection, modern technology, urban art and pragmatic innovation in the process of integrating agriculture.Combined with the present situation of urbanization in China, this paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of developing intra-urban agriculture, and thinks about the differences between China and the West, and puts forward four suggestions for the promotion of urban agriculture in Chinese cities.
This paper summarizes the development of Chinese and foreign urban agriculture in urban areas, and recognizes the important contribution of urban agriculture to modern cities, and emphasizes that intra-urban agriculture is conducive to sustainable urban development. Then, it analyzes integrated design cases of internal space and agriculture in foreign cities, including their design strategies, integrating methods and technical means, and points out that the current western countries pay more attention to low carbon environmental protection, modern technology, urban art and pragmatic innovation in the process of integrating agriculture.Combined with the present situation of urbanization in China, this paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of developing intra-urban agriculture, and thinks about the differences between China and the West, and puts forward four suggestions for the promotion of urban agriculture in Chinese cities.
引文
[1]赵庆海.农业与城市发展[J].山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2006,22(4):38-39.
[2]SMIT J,NASR J,RATTA A.Chapter 2:urban agriculture yesterday and today//Urban agriculture:food,jobs,and sustainable cities-2001edition[EB/OL].[2016-06-22].http://www.jacsmit.com/book/Chap02.pdf.
[3]王晓静,张玉坤.都市农业融入城市空间之国内外发展[J].建筑与文化,2016.02(143):137-139.
[4]ZEEUW H D,DRECHSEL P.Cities and agriculture:developing resilient urban food systems[M].London and New York:Routledge,2015.
[5]BELEVI H,BAUMGARTNER B.A systematic overview of urban agriculture in developing countries[J].International Journal of Environmental Technology&Management,2003,3(2):193.
[6]DEELSTRA T,GIRARDET H.Urban agriculture and sustainable cities[M]//BAKKER N,DUBBELING M,GVNDEL S,et al.Growing cities,growing food:urban agriculture on the policy agenda.Feldafing,Germany:Zentralstelle für Ern?hrung und Landwirtschaft(ZEL),2000:43-65.
[7]SMIT J,NASR J.Urban agriculture for sustainable cities:using wastes and idle land and water bodies as resources[J].Environment&Urbanization,1992,4(2):141-152.
[8]宫盛男,张玉坤,张睿,等.基于打破“空间互斥性”假设的既有城市生态足迹分析研究[J].城市发展研究,2018,25(1):7-14.
[9]王建国.城市设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:232.
[10]胡伟,李伯钧,等.城市屋顶种植蔬菜重金属风险探讨[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(6):853-854;856.
[11]Greenpoint,Brooklyn,NYC[EB/OL].[2016-07-02].http://gothamgreens.com/our-farms/.
[12]What is the carrot green roof?[EB/OL].[2016-10-20].http://www.carrotcommon.com/carrot-green-roof.html.
[13]VILJOEN A,BOHN K.Second nature urban agriculture:designing productive cities[M].London and New York:Routledge,2014:425-429.
[14]M a i s o n p ro d u c t i ve h o u s e(M p H)[E B/O L].[2016-11-10].h t t p://openbuildings.com/buildings/maison-productive-house-mph--profile-5750.
[15]Eco architecture:architects envision sun and wind powered“edible homes”[EB/OL].[2016-11-10].http://www.ecofriend.com/eco-architecture architects-envision-sun-and-wind-powered-edible-homes.html.
[16]GORGOLEWSKI M,KOMISAR J,NASR J.Carrot city:creating places for urban agriculture[M].New York:Monacelli Press,2011:24.
[17]AL-CHALABI M.Vertical farming:skyscraper sustainability?[J].Sustainable Cities&Society,2015(18):74-77.
[18]Leadenhall street city farm[EB/OL].[2016-12-02].http://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/community/leadenhall.html.
[19]周祥.城市公共空间解读[J].华中建筑,2009,27(6):70-72.
[20]Lafayette greens:urban agriculture,urban fabric,urban sustainability[EB/OL].[2016-12-02].https://www.asla.org/2012awards/073.html.
[21]Space10.Copenhagen:an urban farm that is a cross over between art and architecture[EB/OL].(2016-08)[2017-01-10].http://www.cityfarmer.info/2016/08/31/copenhagen-an-urban-farm-that-is-a-cross-over-between-art and-architecture/.
[22]CILENTO K.Edible schoolyard/work AC[EB/OL].(2010-01-21)[2017-0110].http://www.archdaily.com/47183/edible-schoolyard-work-ac/.
[23]Middlesbrough urban farming project[EB/OL].[2017-01-12].http://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/city/middlesbrough.html.
[24]White Bay eco-city,eco-city 2050[EB/OL].[2017-01-12].http://www.ecocitylab.org/ecocitydesignstudio/ecocities2050/eco-cities/project_introduction.html.
[25]Growing an urban agriculture hub on the Los Angeles River[EB/OL].(201506-17)[2017-1-20].https://www.kcet.org/confluence/growing-an-urban agriculture-hub-on-the-los-angeles-river.
[26]GRAFF P D.Integrated urban agriculture in industrialized countries:design principles for locally organized food cycles in the Dutch context[C].SASBE2009 3rd CIB International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Built Environment,Delft,2009.
[27]张玉坤,郑婕.“新精神”的召唤--当代城市与建筑的世纪转型[J].建筑学报,2016(10):114-119.
[28]张永庆,张冰,刘晓慧.大中型城市中心城区都市型产业发展研究[J].城市问题,2005(2):16-21.
[29]WANG X J,ZHANG Y K.Thinking about urban agriculture in the aspect of the utilization of city space[C].2nd International Conference on‘Changing Cities’Spatial,Design,Landscape&Socio-economic Dimensions,Porto Heli,Greece,2015:725-73.
[30]许越先.我国现代农业科技示范园的发展[J].中国农业资源与区划,2000,21(5):1-4.
[31]BOURQUE M.Policy options for urban agriculture[J/OL].Growing Cities,Growing Food:Urban Agriculture on the Policy Agenda.Deutsche Stiftung für internationale Entwicklung(DSE),Zentralstelle für Ern?hrung und Landwirtschaft,Feldafing,Germany,2000:119-145
[32]DE ZEEUW H,GUENDEL S,WAIBEL H.The integration of agriculture in urban policies[M]//BAKKER N,DUBBELING M,GVNDEL S,et al.Growing cities,growing food:urban agriculture on the policy agenda.Feldafing,Germany:Zentralstelle für Ern?hrung und Landwirtschaft(ZEL),2000:161-180.
[33]BALMER K,MENDES W,KAETHLER T,et al.Using land inventories to plan for urban agriculture:experiences from Portland and Vancouver[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2008,74(4):435-449.
[34]KUNSTLER J H.The long emergency:surviving the converging catastrophes of the twenty-first century[M].[S.l.]:Atlantic Monthly Press,2005.
(1)都市农业是指城市建成区(urbanized area)和周围的农业活动,包括城市内农业(intra-urban/intraurban agriculture)和环城农业(peri-urban/on the fringe agriculture)。
(1)“可互换性”概念:一些资源可以替代其他资源,将它们释放出来供其他用途使用。
(1)2005年由维尔容和博恩(Viljoen&Bohn)提出并著书《连贯式生产性城市景观》(Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes:Designing Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Cities)。
[2]SMIT J,NASR J,RATTA A.Chapter 2:urban agriculture yesterday and today//Urban agriculture:food,jobs,and sustainable cities-2001edition[EB/OL].[2016-06-22].http://www.jacsmit.com/book/Chap02.pdf.
[3]王晓静,张玉坤.都市农业融入城市空间之国内外发展[J].建筑与文化,2016.02(143):137-139.
[4]ZEEUW H D,DRECHSEL P.Cities and agriculture:developing resilient urban food systems[M].London and New York:Routledge,2015.
[5]BELEVI H,BAUMGARTNER B.A systematic overview of urban agriculture in developing countries[J].International Journal of Environmental Technology&Management,2003,3(2):193.
[6]DEELSTRA T,GIRARDET H.Urban agriculture and sustainable cities[M]//BAKKER N,DUBBELING M,GVNDEL S,et al.Growing cities,growing food:urban agriculture on the policy agenda.Feldafing,Germany:Zentralstelle für Ern?hrung und Landwirtschaft(ZEL),2000:43-65.
[7]SMIT J,NASR J.Urban agriculture for sustainable cities:using wastes and idle land and water bodies as resources[J].Environment&Urbanization,1992,4(2):141-152.
[8]宫盛男,张玉坤,张睿,等.基于打破“空间互斥性”假设的既有城市生态足迹分析研究[J].城市发展研究,2018,25(1):7-14.
[9]王建国.城市设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:232.
[10]胡伟,李伯钧,等.城市屋顶种植蔬菜重金属风险探讨[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(6):853-854;856.
[11]Greenpoint,Brooklyn,NYC[EB/OL].[2016-07-02].http://gothamgreens.com/our-farms/.
[12]What is the carrot green roof?[EB/OL].[2016-10-20].http://www.carrotcommon.com/carrot-green-roof.html.
[13]VILJOEN A,BOHN K.Second nature urban agriculture:designing productive cities[M].London and New York:Routledge,2014:425-429.
[14]M a i s o n p ro d u c t i ve h o u s e(M p H)[E B/O L].[2016-11-10].h t t p://openbuildings.com/buildings/maison-productive-house-mph--profile-5750.
[15]Eco architecture:architects envision sun and wind powered“edible homes”[EB/OL].[2016-11-10].http://www.ecofriend.com/eco-architecture architects-envision-sun-and-wind-powered-edible-homes.html.
[16]GORGOLEWSKI M,KOMISAR J,NASR J.Carrot city:creating places for urban agriculture[M].New York:Monacelli Press,2011:24.
[17]AL-CHALABI M.Vertical farming:skyscraper sustainability?[J].Sustainable Cities&Society,2015(18):74-77.
[18]Leadenhall street city farm[EB/OL].[2016-12-02].http://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/community/leadenhall.html.
[19]周祥.城市公共空间解读[J].华中建筑,2009,27(6):70-72.
[20]Lafayette greens:urban agriculture,urban fabric,urban sustainability[EB/OL].[2016-12-02].https://www.asla.org/2012awards/073.html.
[21]Space10.Copenhagen:an urban farm that is a cross over between art and architecture[EB/OL].(2016-08)[2017-01-10].http://www.cityfarmer.info/2016/08/31/copenhagen-an-urban-farm-that-is-a-cross-over-between-art and-architecture/.
[22]CILENTO K.Edible schoolyard/work AC[EB/OL].(2010-01-21)[2017-0110].http://www.archdaily.com/47183/edible-schoolyard-work-ac/.
[23]Middlesbrough urban farming project[EB/OL].[2017-01-12].http://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/city/middlesbrough.html.
[24]White Bay eco-city,eco-city 2050[EB/OL].[2017-01-12].http://www.ecocitylab.org/ecocitydesignstudio/ecocities2050/eco-cities/project_introduction.html.
[25]Growing an urban agriculture hub on the Los Angeles River[EB/OL].(201506-17)[2017-1-20].https://www.kcet.org/confluence/growing-an-urban agriculture-hub-on-the-los-angeles-river.
[26]GRAFF P D.Integrated urban agriculture in industrialized countries:design principles for locally organized food cycles in the Dutch context[C].SASBE2009 3rd CIB International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Built Environment,Delft,2009.
[27]张玉坤,郑婕.“新精神”的召唤--当代城市与建筑的世纪转型[J].建筑学报,2016(10):114-119.
[28]张永庆,张冰,刘晓慧.大中型城市中心城区都市型产业发展研究[J].城市问题,2005(2):16-21.
[29]WANG X J,ZHANG Y K.Thinking about urban agriculture in the aspect of the utilization of city space[C].2nd International Conference on‘Changing Cities’Spatial,Design,Landscape&Socio-economic Dimensions,Porto Heli,Greece,2015:725-73.
[30]许越先.我国现代农业科技示范园的发展[J].中国农业资源与区划,2000,21(5):1-4.
[31]BOURQUE M.Policy options for urban agriculture[J/OL].Growing Cities,Growing Food:Urban Agriculture on the Policy Agenda.Deutsche Stiftung für internationale Entwicklung(DSE),Zentralstelle für Ern?hrung und Landwirtschaft,Feldafing,Germany,2000:119-145
[32]DE ZEEUW H,GUENDEL S,WAIBEL H.The integration of agriculture in urban policies[M]//BAKKER N,DUBBELING M,GVNDEL S,et al.Growing cities,growing food:urban agriculture on the policy agenda.Feldafing,Germany:Zentralstelle für Ern?hrung und Landwirtschaft(ZEL),2000:161-180.
[33]BALMER K,MENDES W,KAETHLER T,et al.Using land inventories to plan for urban agriculture:experiences from Portland and Vancouver[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2008,74(4):435-449.
[34]KUNSTLER J H.The long emergency:surviving the converging catastrophes of the twenty-first century[M].[S.l.]:Atlantic Monthly Press,2005.
(1)都市农业是指城市建成区(urbanized area)和周围的农业活动,包括城市内农业(intra-urban/intraurban agriculture)和环城农业(peri-urban/on the fringe agriculture)。
(1)“可互换性”概念:一些资源可以替代其他资源,将它们释放出来供其他用途使用。
(1)2005年由维尔容和博恩(Viljoen&Bohn)提出并著书《连贯式生产性城市景观》(Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes:Designing Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Cities)。
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |