单通道低功耗大容量海洋声信号测量仪的设计与实现
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摘要
海洋环境噪声是海洋声场的背景场,通常被当作干扰项,许多国家纷纷投入力量,开展海洋环境噪声数据获取、分析及噪声场建模工作。针对海洋环境噪声的测量,同时为了满足设备在水下较长时间工作,设计了一种基于ARM芯片的海洋声信号高速数据采集系统,即单通道低功耗大容量海洋声信号测量仪,集成温度传感器、压力传感器和同步模块,具备定时和连续两种工作方式。采用ARM Cortex-M3微控制器LPC7168控制24位AD芯片ADS1271实现声信号采集,最高采样速率可达50 k,采集的AD数据以文件格式存储在SD卡(容量256 Gbyte)中。采用单片机PIC12F509作为值班电路,PIC12F509在控制系统工作时作为看门狗使用。经过实验室试验和湖试,验证系统工作稳定,数据采集存储正常,在消声水槽完成与DSG比测试验,通过对回放数据的分析,验证采集数据一致性较好。试验证明声信号测量仪是获取海洋环境噪声的重要设备。
Ocean ambient noise is usually considered as an interfering background factor. Many countries have invested substantial manpower and material resources to collect and analyze data and propose models of the ambient noise field. In order to satisfy long-time underwater measurement of ocean ambient noise,a high-speed ocean acoustic signal data acquisition system is designed based on ARM chip,which is a single channel,low-power and large-capacity ocean acoustic signal measuring instrument and integrated with temperature sensor,pressure sensor and synchronization module. Its working mode can be timing or continuous. A 24-bit AD chip ADS1271 is controlled by a RAM Cortex-M3 microcontroller LPC1768 to implement sound signal acquisition with the sampling rate up to 50 kHz,and the collected AD data are stored in SD cards(capacity of 256 G bytes)in file format. Chip PLC12 F509 is used as circuit on duty,which is used as watchdog when the control system is working. Through laboratory experiments and lake tests,it is proved that the system has been working stably and the data acquisition-store system is normal. A comparative test with DSG is also completed in the anechoic tank.It is found that the consistency of the collected data is good on the basis of analysis of the playback data. The acoustic signal measuring instrument is an important equipment for acquiring ocean ambient noise.
Ocean ambient noise is usually considered as an interfering background factor. Many countries have invested substantial manpower and material resources to collect and analyze data and propose models of the ambient noise field. In order to satisfy long-time underwater measurement of ocean ambient noise,a high-speed ocean acoustic signal data acquisition system is designed based on ARM chip,which is a single channel,low-power and large-capacity ocean acoustic signal measuring instrument and integrated with temperature sensor,pressure sensor and synchronization module. Its working mode can be timing or continuous. A 24-bit AD chip ADS1271 is controlled by a RAM Cortex-M3 microcontroller LPC1768 to implement sound signal acquisition with the sampling rate up to 50 kHz,and the collected AD data are stored in SD cards(capacity of 256 G bytes)in file format. Chip PLC12 F509 is used as circuit on duty,which is used as watchdog when the control system is working. Through laboratory experiments and lake tests,it is proved that the system has been working stably and the data acquisition-store system is normal. A comparative test with DSG is also completed in the anechoic tank.It is found that the consistency of the collected data is good on the basis of analysis of the playback data. The acoustic signal measuring instrument is an important equipment for acquiring ocean ambient noise.
引文
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[2] Wenz, Gordon M. Acoustic ambient noise in the ocean:spectra and sources[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1962,34(12):1936-1956.
[3] Wenz,GordonM.Reviewof underwater acoustics research:noise[J].TheJournaloftheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica,1972,51(3B):1010.
[4]笪良龙,王超,卢晓亭,等.基于潜标测量的海洋环境噪声谱特性分析[J].海洋学报, 2014, 36(5):54-60.Da Lianglong, Wang Chao, Lu Xiaoting, et al. The characteristic analysis of ambient sea noise spectrum based on submersible buoy[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2014, 36(5):54-60.
[5]张行之,杨华.海面气象现象对海洋环境噪声的影响[J].声学与电子工程, 2013(1):44-49.ZHANG Xingzhi, YANG Hua. Effects of sea surface meteorological phenomena on ocean ambient noise[J]. Acoustics and Electronics Engineering, 2013(1):44-49.
[6]林建恒,蒋国健,苑泉乐,等.一种海洋环境噪声估计风速的修正法[J].声学学报, 2006, 31(3):276-280.LIN Jianheng, JIANG Guojian, YUAN Quanle, et al. A modified method of evaluating wind speed by ocean ambient noise[J]. Acta Acustica, 2006, 31(3):276-280.
[7]吕云飞,张殿伦,邹吉武,等.基于潜标的海洋环境噪声测量系统[J].高技术通讯, 2009, 15(7):760-763.Lv Yunfei, Zhang Dianlun, Zou Jiwu, et al. A system for ocean ambient noise measurement based on subsurface buoy[J]. Chinese High Technology Letters, 2009, 15(7):760-763.
[8]王科明,韦俊霞.一种海洋环境噪声测量浮标系统设计[J].声学与电子工程, 2017(4):13-15.WANG Keming, WEI Junxia. Design of a Ocean Ambient Noise Noise Measurement Buoy System[J]. Acoustics and Electronics Engineering, 2017(4):13-15.
[9]孙安青. ARM Cortex-M3嵌入式开发实例详解—基于NXP LPC1768[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2012.SUN Anqing. Detailed explanation of embedded development example of ARM Cortex-M3—based on NXP LPC1768[M]. Beijing:Beihang University Press,2012.
[10]刘颉,梁捷,江民,等.小型自主水下航行器大容量数据存储设计[J].海洋技术, 2010, 29(1):17-23.LIU Jie,LIANG Jie,JIANG Min,et al. Design of Bulk Memory of Mini-type AUV[J].Ocean Technology, 2010, 29(1):17-23.
[11]冯师军,王磊,董力平,等.基于水声潜标应用的数据采集及大容量存储系统设计[J].应用声学, 2014, 33(1):81-86.FENG Shijun,WANG Lei,DONG Liping, et al. Design of data-sampling and high-capacity storage system in acoustic submersible buoy application[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2014, 33(1):81-86.
[12]赵振洲. ExFAT文件系统DBR的分析与重建[J].计算机技术与发展, 2012, 22(3):85-88.ZHAO Zhen-zhou. Analysis and Reconstruction for ExFAT File System DBR[J]. Computer Technology and Development, 2012, 22(3):85-88.
[13]于振南.嵌入式FAT32文件系统设计与实现—基于振南znFAT(上)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2014.YU Zhennan, Design and Implementation of Embedded FAT32 File System—Based on Zhen NanznFAT[M]. Beijing:Beihang University Press,2014.
[14]刘颉,梁捷,杨逍,等.风光互补发电无人值守自动观测站的设计[J].海洋技术学报, 2011, 30(4):23-28.LIU Jie, LIANG Jie, YANG Xiao, et al. Design of Unattended Automatic Observation Station with Wind&Light Complementary Electricity-generating System[J]. Ocean Technology, 2011, 30(4):23-28.