粉尘颗粒亲水性对其雾化离心去除率的影响
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摘要
基于电声换能超声波雾化-旋风除尘器联用技术,研究了亲水性对粉尘颗粒去除率的影响。通过选择若干种亲水性不同的常见工业粉尘,在相同实验条件下研究其亲水性与离心去除率之间的关系。结果表明,在旋风分离前加入雾气,亲水性较好的粉尘颗粒去除率有明显的提升,在通入浓度为4 g·m~(-3)的雾气后,滑石粉颗粒的去除率从无雾气时的76.9%提高到90.1%,增长幅度为13.2%,而亲水性较差的S-zorb脱硫催化剂去除率从72.1%增加到80.1%,增幅仅为8.0%。这一现象尤其体现在粒径在2.5μm附近的细颗粒物上,滑石粉去除率增幅最高点出现在粒径为2μm的颗粒处,从无雾气时的31.5%增长到有雾气时的72.8%,增幅为41.3%,而亲水性较差的S-zorb脱硫催化剂去除率最高增幅只有17.7%,从无雾气时的43.9%增长到有雾气时的61.6%,去除率增幅最高点出现在粒径为2.3μm的颗粒处。实验前后粉尘颗粒形态的SEM扫描电子显微镜图像也证实亲水性对颗粒物团聚、长大有重要影响。研究亲水性对粉尘颗粒去除率的影响,可进一步优化、改进电声换能超声波雾化-旋风除尘器联用除尘技术,使其发挥更大的工业应用潜力,减少PM2.5排放。
In this paper, the effect of hydrophilicity of dust particles on their removal efficiency in a gas cyclone with atomized water vapor was studied by experiments. The water vapor was generated by electro-acoustic transducing ultrasonic atomization technique. Several kinds of industrial dust with different hydrophilicities were injected in the cyclone and their removal efficiencies were measured and compared. The results showed generally the removal efficiency will increase with water vapor added to the cyclone. Such increase will be more significant for more hydrophilic dust particles. The removal efficiency of the talcum powder increased from 76.9% to 90.1% by 13.2%when 4 g·m~(-3) vapor was added. However, for the S-zorb desulfurization catalyst with poorer hydrophilicity, the increase was only 8.0% with the same amount of vapor. The effect of hydrophilicity was especially manifested in fine particles with diameter about 2.5 μm. The highest increase of the removal efficiency of the talcum powder appeared at particle size 2 μm, which was from 31.5% to 72.8% with 4 g·m~(-3) vapor added,while the highest increase of that of the S-zorb desulfurization catalyst was only from 43.9% to 61.6% at particle size 2.3 μm. Moreover, the dust particles before and after the cyclonewere examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images, and the results confirmed the hydrophilicity has a significant impact on the agglomeration and growth of particles, which should be responsible for the difference in the removal efficiency of different particles. These studies could help optimize and improve the cloud-air-purifying(CAP) technology that combines gas cyclone with atomized water vapor technologies,and extend its versatility to industrial applications for decreasing the emission of PM2.5.
In this paper, the effect of hydrophilicity of dust particles on their removal efficiency in a gas cyclone with atomized water vapor was studied by experiments. The water vapor was generated by electro-acoustic transducing ultrasonic atomization technique. Several kinds of industrial dust with different hydrophilicities were injected in the cyclone and their removal efficiencies were measured and compared. The results showed generally the removal efficiency will increase with water vapor added to the cyclone. Such increase will be more significant for more hydrophilic dust particles. The removal efficiency of the talcum powder increased from 76.9% to 90.1% by 13.2%when 4 g·m~(-3) vapor was added. However, for the S-zorb desulfurization catalyst with poorer hydrophilicity, the increase was only 8.0% with the same amount of vapor. The effect of hydrophilicity was especially manifested in fine particles with diameter about 2.5 μm. The highest increase of the removal efficiency of the talcum powder appeared at particle size 2 μm, which was from 31.5% to 72.8% with 4 g·m~(-3) vapor added,while the highest increase of that of the S-zorb desulfurization catalyst was only from 43.9% to 61.6% at particle size 2.3 μm. Moreover, the dust particles before and after the cyclonewere examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images, and the results confirmed the hydrophilicity has a significant impact on the agglomeration and growth of particles, which should be responsible for the difference in the removal efficiency of different particles. These studies could help optimize and improve the cloud-air-purifying(CAP) technology that combines gas cyclone with atomized water vapor technologies,and extend its versatility to industrial applications for decreasing the emission of PM2.5.
引文
[1]颜金培,杨林军,凡凤仙,等.基于分形理论的水汽在燃煤细颗粒表面异质核化数值研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(11):50-56.
[2]王玮,汤大钢,刘红杰,等.中国PM2.5污染状况和污染特征的研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,13(1):1-5.
[3]SLOSS L L,SMITH I M.PM10 and PM2.5:An international perspective[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2000,65-66(99):127-141.
[4]颜金培,杨林军,沈湘林.燃烧源PM2.5微粒润湿性能[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(5):760-764.
[5]GAO J,WANG T,ZHOU X,et al.Measurement of aerosol number size distributions in the Yangtze River delta in China:Formation and growth of particles under polluted conditions[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,43(4):829-836.DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.10.046.
[6]岳勇,陈雷,姚强,等.燃煤锅炉颗粒物粒径分布和痕量元素富集特性实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(18):74-79.
[7]赵永椿,张军营,魏凤,等.燃煤超细颗粒物团聚促进机制的实验研究[J].化工学报,2007,58(11):2876-2881.
[8]颜金培,杨林军,张霞,等.应用蒸汽相变机理脱除燃煤可吸入颗粒物实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(35):12-16.
[9]徐鸿,骆仲泱,王鹏,等.燃煤细微颗粒声波团聚的机理研究[J].工程热物理学报,2008,29(11):1965-1968.
[10]颜金培,陈立奇,杨林军.润湿剂促进燃煤细颗粒声波团聚脱除的实验研究[J].燃料化学学报,2014,42(10):1259-1265.
[11]徐俊超,张军,周璐璐,等.蒸汽凝结促进PM2.5长大的研究现状[J].现代化工,2014,34(3):20-24.
[12]FISENKO S P,WANG W N,SHIMADA M,et al.Vapor condensation on nanoparticles in the mixer of a particle size magnifier[J].International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,2007,50(11):2333-2338.DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.10.046.
[13]徐俊超,于燕,张军,等.液滴在燃煤细颗粒表面凝结的长大动力学特性[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(3):506-512.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0505.2017.03.016.
[14]JI J H,HWANG J,BAE G N,et al.Particle charging and agglomeration in DC and AC electric fields[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2004,61(1):57-68.DOI:10.1016/j.elstat.2003.12.003.
[15]魏凤,张军营,王春梅,等.煤燃烧超细颗粒物团聚促进技术的研究进展[J].煤炭转化,2003,26(3):27-31.
[16]SCHAUER P J.Removal of submicron aerosol particles from moving gas stream[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry,1951,43(7):1532-1538.
[17]SEYMOURCALVERT,JHAVERI N.Flux force/condensation scrubbing[J].Air Repair,1974,24(10):946-951.DOI:10.1080/00022470.1974.10469994.
[18]KRYUKOV A P,LEVASHOV V Y,SHISHKOVA I N.Vapor flow with evaporationcondensation on solid particles[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics&Technical Physics,2004,45(3):407-414.DOI:10.1023/B:JAMT.0000025023.23436.60.
[19]凡凤仙,杨林军,袁竹林.蒸汽在细微颗粒表面异质核化研究进展[J].化工进展,2009,28(9):1496-1500.
[20]凡凤仙,杨林军,袁竹林,等.水汽在燃煤PM2.5表面异质核化特性数值预测[J].化工学报,2007,58(10):2561-2566.
[21]颜金培,陈立奇,杨林军,等.声波与相变联合作用下细颗粒脱除的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(20):3282-3288.
[22]YOSHIDA T,KOUSAKA Y,OKUYAMA K,et al.Application of particle enlargement by condensation to industrial dust collection[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan,2006,11(6):469-475.DOI:10.1252/jcej.11.469.
[23]陈涛,王晓彧,章德,等.压电换能式超声波雾化喷嘴的研究进展[C]//中国声学学会.2010中国西部地区声学学术交流会论文集.腾冲,2010:449-452.
[24]黄晖,姚熹,汪敏强,等.超声雾化系统的雾化性能测试[J].压电与声光,2004,26(1):62-64.
[25]KIRPALANI D M,SUZUKI K.Ethanol enrichment from ethanol-water mixtures using high frequency ultrasonic atomization[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2011,18(5):1012.DOI:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.05.013.
[26]王光旭,徐国栋,刘文婧,等.应用电声换能超声波雾化方法提高超细颗粒捕集效率[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(1):294-300.
[27]CHEN Y Y,LEE W M G.Hygroscopic properties of inorganic-salt aerosol with surface-active organic compounds[J].Chemosphere,1999,38(10):2431-2448.DOI:10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00436-6.
[28]WEINGARTNER E,BURTSCHER H,BALTENSPERGER U.Hygroscopic properties of carbon and diesel soot particles[J].Atmospheric Environment,1997,31(15):2311-2327.DOI:10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00023-X.
[29]KERMINEN V M.The effects of particle chemical character and atmospheric processes on particle hygroscopic properties[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1997,28(1):121-132.DOI:10.1016/S0021-8502(96)00069-9.
[30]RAY M B,HOFFMANN A C,POSTMA R S.Performance of different analytical methods in evaluating grade efficiency of centrifugal separators[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2000,31(5):563-581.DOI:10.1016/S0021-8502(99)00543-1.
[31]尹云波,常坦祥,孙宏敏.旋风除尘器除尘效率的影响因素探讨[J].安徽建筑大学学报,2014,22(5):46-49.
[32]CH LEK P,VIDEEN G,NGO D,et al.Effect of black carbon on the optical properties and climate forcing of sulfate aerosols[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1995,100(D8):16325-16332.DOI:10.1029/95JD01465.
[33]颜金培,杨林军,张霞,等.润湿剂促进燃油细颗粒捕集的实验研究[J].化工学报,2008,59(10):2616-2621.
[34]HEMATI M,CHERIF R,SALEH K,et al.Fluidized bed coating and granulation:Influence of process-related variables and physicochemical properties on the growth kinetics[J].Powder Technology,2003,130(1):18-34.DOI:10.1016/S0032-5910(02)00221-8.
[35]MAJUMDER A K,YERRISWAMY P,BARNWAL J P.The“fish-hook”phenomenon in centrifugal separation of fine particles[J].Minerals Engineering,2003,16(10):1005-1007.DOI:10.1016/j.mineng.2003.07.001.
[36]AL P E.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics[M].America:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution,Wiley,1986:1595-1595.
[37]KIM D S,PARK S H,SONG Y M,et al.Brownian coagulation of polydisperse aerosols in the transition regime[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2003,34(7):859-868.DOI:10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00055-7.
[2]王玮,汤大钢,刘红杰,等.中国PM2.5污染状况和污染特征的研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,13(1):1-5.
[3]SLOSS L L,SMITH I M.PM10 and PM2.5:An international perspective[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2000,65-66(99):127-141.
[4]颜金培,杨林军,沈湘林.燃烧源PM2.5微粒润湿性能[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(5):760-764.
[5]GAO J,WANG T,ZHOU X,et al.Measurement of aerosol number size distributions in the Yangtze River delta in China:Formation and growth of particles under polluted conditions[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,43(4):829-836.DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.10.046.
[6]岳勇,陈雷,姚强,等.燃煤锅炉颗粒物粒径分布和痕量元素富集特性实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(18):74-79.
[7]赵永椿,张军营,魏凤,等.燃煤超细颗粒物团聚促进机制的实验研究[J].化工学报,2007,58(11):2876-2881.
[8]颜金培,杨林军,张霞,等.应用蒸汽相变机理脱除燃煤可吸入颗粒物实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(35):12-16.
[9]徐鸿,骆仲泱,王鹏,等.燃煤细微颗粒声波团聚的机理研究[J].工程热物理学报,2008,29(11):1965-1968.
[10]颜金培,陈立奇,杨林军.润湿剂促进燃煤细颗粒声波团聚脱除的实验研究[J].燃料化学学报,2014,42(10):1259-1265.
[11]徐俊超,张军,周璐璐,等.蒸汽凝结促进PM2.5长大的研究现状[J].现代化工,2014,34(3):20-24.
[12]FISENKO S P,WANG W N,SHIMADA M,et al.Vapor condensation on nanoparticles in the mixer of a particle size magnifier[J].International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,2007,50(11):2333-2338.DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.10.046.
[13]徐俊超,于燕,张军,等.液滴在燃煤细颗粒表面凝结的长大动力学特性[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(3):506-512.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0505.2017.03.016.
[14]JI J H,HWANG J,BAE G N,et al.Particle charging and agglomeration in DC and AC electric fields[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2004,61(1):57-68.DOI:10.1016/j.elstat.2003.12.003.
[15]魏凤,张军营,王春梅,等.煤燃烧超细颗粒物团聚促进技术的研究进展[J].煤炭转化,2003,26(3):27-31.
[16]SCHAUER P J.Removal of submicron aerosol particles from moving gas stream[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry,1951,43(7):1532-1538.
[17]SEYMOURCALVERT,JHAVERI N.Flux force/condensation scrubbing[J].Air Repair,1974,24(10):946-951.DOI:10.1080/00022470.1974.10469994.
[18]KRYUKOV A P,LEVASHOV V Y,SHISHKOVA I N.Vapor flow with evaporationcondensation on solid particles[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics&Technical Physics,2004,45(3):407-414.DOI:10.1023/B:JAMT.0000025023.23436.60.
[19]凡凤仙,杨林军,袁竹林.蒸汽在细微颗粒表面异质核化研究进展[J].化工进展,2009,28(9):1496-1500.
[20]凡凤仙,杨林军,袁竹林,等.水汽在燃煤PM2.5表面异质核化特性数值预测[J].化工学报,2007,58(10):2561-2566.
[21]颜金培,陈立奇,杨林军,等.声波与相变联合作用下细颗粒脱除的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(20):3282-3288.
[22]YOSHIDA T,KOUSAKA Y,OKUYAMA K,et al.Application of particle enlargement by condensation to industrial dust collection[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan,2006,11(6):469-475.DOI:10.1252/jcej.11.469.
[23]陈涛,王晓彧,章德,等.压电换能式超声波雾化喷嘴的研究进展[C]//中国声学学会.2010中国西部地区声学学术交流会论文集.腾冲,2010:449-452.
[24]黄晖,姚熹,汪敏强,等.超声雾化系统的雾化性能测试[J].压电与声光,2004,26(1):62-64.
[25]KIRPALANI D M,SUZUKI K.Ethanol enrichment from ethanol-water mixtures using high frequency ultrasonic atomization[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2011,18(5):1012.DOI:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.05.013.
[26]王光旭,徐国栋,刘文婧,等.应用电声换能超声波雾化方法提高超细颗粒捕集效率[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(1):294-300.
[27]CHEN Y Y,LEE W M G.Hygroscopic properties of inorganic-salt aerosol with surface-active organic compounds[J].Chemosphere,1999,38(10):2431-2448.DOI:10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00436-6.
[28]WEINGARTNER E,BURTSCHER H,BALTENSPERGER U.Hygroscopic properties of carbon and diesel soot particles[J].Atmospheric Environment,1997,31(15):2311-2327.DOI:10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00023-X.
[29]KERMINEN V M.The effects of particle chemical character and atmospheric processes on particle hygroscopic properties[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1997,28(1):121-132.DOI:10.1016/S0021-8502(96)00069-9.
[30]RAY M B,HOFFMANN A C,POSTMA R S.Performance of different analytical methods in evaluating grade efficiency of centrifugal separators[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2000,31(5):563-581.DOI:10.1016/S0021-8502(99)00543-1.
[31]尹云波,常坦祥,孙宏敏.旋风除尘器除尘效率的影响因素探讨[J].安徽建筑大学学报,2014,22(5):46-49.
[32]CH LEK P,VIDEEN G,NGO D,et al.Effect of black carbon on the optical properties and climate forcing of sulfate aerosols[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1995,100(D8):16325-16332.DOI:10.1029/95JD01465.
[33]颜金培,杨林军,张霞,等.润湿剂促进燃油细颗粒捕集的实验研究[J].化工学报,2008,59(10):2616-2621.
[34]HEMATI M,CHERIF R,SALEH K,et al.Fluidized bed coating and granulation:Influence of process-related variables and physicochemical properties on the growth kinetics[J].Powder Technology,2003,130(1):18-34.DOI:10.1016/S0032-5910(02)00221-8.
[35]MAJUMDER A K,YERRISWAMY P,BARNWAL J P.The“fish-hook”phenomenon in centrifugal separation of fine particles[J].Minerals Engineering,2003,16(10):1005-1007.DOI:10.1016/j.mineng.2003.07.001.
[36]AL P E.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics[M].America:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution,Wiley,1986:1595-1595.
[37]KIM D S,PARK S H,SONG Y M,et al.Brownian coagulation of polydisperse aerosols in the transition regime[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2003,34(7):859-868.DOI:10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00055-7.