中国西藏金沙江白格滑坡灾害研究
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摘要
高位滑坡灾害链成为我国西南山区典型地质灾害,引起公众极大关注。2018年10月10日,西藏自治区江达县白格村发生特大型高位岩质滑坡-堰塞湖灾害,造成金沙江断流2日。本文基于地质调查、多期遥感影像解译、现场变形监测及其数值方法等对白格滑坡进行深入的探讨与分析。以无人机影像获取的高精度DEM为基础,采用3D Analyst工具计算得到,第一次下滑体积约3.50×10~7m~3,堰塞体积约2.40×10~7m~3,第二次滑动体积1.60×10~6m~3,后缘残存块体总体积约3.95×10~6m~3。变形监测和数值模拟发现,残存块体目前处于基本稳定状态。研究表明,高山峡谷地貌、金沙江构造断裂带岩性破碎是地质灾害发育的基础地质条件,地震、冻融和降雨是此次滑坡的诱发条件。
High-level landslide disaster chain has become a typical geological hazard in southwest mountain area of China so far and drawn a lot of public attention.On October 10th 2018,a large-scale rock landslide occurred in Baige Village,Jiangda County,Tibet Autonomous region,and formed a dam lake in Jinsha River.The Jinsha River had been blocked for two days.The Baige landslide was studied on the basis of field survey,multi-phase remote sensing images interpretation,in-site deformation monitoring,as well as numerical simulation.Based on high-precision DEM obtained by UAV image,the volume of first slide and dam lake,second slide,residual blocks at the rear of source area are calculated to be 3.50×10~7 m~3,2.40×10~7 m~3,1.60×10~6 m~3,3.95×10~6 m~3 respectively by using 3D Analyst tool.Ground deformation monitoring and numerical simulation showed that the residual blocks were unstable.It is concluded that the alpine canyon geomorphology and fractured rock mass in the Jinsha River fault zone are basis for landslide initiation.Earthquake,freezing-thawing circle and rainfall are the induced conditions of Baige landslide.
High-level landslide disaster chain has become a typical geological hazard in southwest mountain area of China so far and drawn a lot of public attention.On October 10th 2018,a large-scale rock landslide occurred in Baige Village,Jiangda County,Tibet Autonomous region,and formed a dam lake in Jinsha River.The Jinsha River had been blocked for two days.The Baige landslide was studied on the basis of field survey,multi-phase remote sensing images interpretation,in-site deformation monitoring,as well as numerical simulation.Based on high-precision DEM obtained by UAV image,the volume of first slide and dam lake,second slide,residual blocks at the rear of source area are calculated to be 3.50×10~7 m~3,2.40×10~7 m~3,1.60×10~6 m~3,3.95×10~6 m~3 respectively by using 3D Analyst tool.Ground deformation monitoring and numerical simulation showed that the residual blocks were unstable.It is concluded that the alpine canyon geomorphology and fractured rock mass in the Jinsha River fault zone are basis for landslide initiation.Earthquake,freezing-thawing circle and rainfall are the induced conditions of Baige landslide.
引文
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[9]黄润秋.岩石高边坡发育的动力过程及其稳定性控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1525-1543.HUANG Runqiu. Geodynamical process and stabilitycontrol of high rock slope development[J]. ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1525-1543.
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[2] YIN Yueping,CHENG Yuliang,LIANG Jingtao,etal. Heavy rainfall induced catastrophic rockslide debrislow at Sanxicun,Dujiangyan,after the Wenchuan Ms8. 0 earthquake[J]. Landslides,2016,13(1):9-23.
[3] XU Q,ZHANG S,LI WL. Spatial distribution oflargescale landslides induced by the 5. 12 Wenchuanearthquake[J]. Journal of Mountain Science,2011,8(2):246-260.
[4]张永双,苏生瑞,吴树仁,等.强震区断裂活动与大型滑坡关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):3503-3513.ZHANG Yongshuang,SU Shengrui,WUShuren,etal.Research on relationship between fault movement andlarge-scale landslide in intensive earthquake region[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2011,30(2):3503-3513.
[5]柴贺军,刘汉超,张倬元.中国滑坡堵江事件目录[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1995,6(4):1-9.CHAI Hejun,LIU Hanchao,ZHANG Zhuoyuan. Thecatalog of Chinese landslide dam events[J]. Journal ofGeological Hazards and Environment Protection,1995,6(4):1-9.
[6]胡卸文,黄润秋,施裕兵,等.唐家山滑坡堵江机制及堰塞坝溃坝模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):181-189.HU Xiewen, HUANG Runqiu SHI Yubing, etal.Analysis of blocking river mechanism of tangjiashanlandslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(1):181-189.
[7]许强,郑光,李为乐,等. 2018年10月和11月金沙江白格两次滑坡-堰塞堵江事件分析研究[J].工程地质学报,2019,26(6):1534-1551.XU Qiang,ZHENG Guang,LI Weile,etal. Study onsuccessive landslide damming events of Jinsha River inBaige Village on Octorber 11 and November 3[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2018,26(6):1534-1551.
[8]邓建辉,高云建,余志球,等.堰塞金沙江上游的白格滑坡形成机制与过程分析[J].工程科学与技术,2019,51(1):9-16.DENG Jianhui, GAO Yunjian, YU Zhiqiu, etal.Analysis on the formation mechanism and process ofbaige Landslides damming the upper reach of JinshaRiver,China[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences,2019,51(1):9-16.
[9]黄润秋.岩石高边坡发育的动力过程及其稳定性控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1525-1543.HUANG Runqiu. Geodynamical process and stabilitycontrol of high rock slope development[J]. ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1525-1543.
[10]袁建新,易志坚,王寿宇.青藏高原及其周边地区水电工程建设中的地质挑战[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(5):847-855.YUAN Jianxin, YI Zhijian, WANG Shouyu.Geological challenges in construction of hydropowerprojects in Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its surroundingareas[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,24(5):847-855.