种植密度对土壤水分及高粱生长发育的影响
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摘要
为了进一步明确不同高粱品种种植密度与土壤含水量、生长发育、生物产量及产量构成因素的关系,以通辽市农业科学研究院高粱研究所选育的高粱杂交种通杂139为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,设3个密度,分别为:7.5万、10.5万、13.5万株/hm~2。结果表明:株高随种植密度的增加而呈现增高的趋势,茎粗则随密度的增加而变细。密度为10.5万株/hm~2的处理平均土壤含水量较7.5万株/hm~2和13.5万株/hm~2分别提高1.58,1.03百分点,且差异显著。叶面积指数随种植密度的增加上升显著。种植密度在7.5万～10.5万株/hm~2时,籽粒产量随之增加,种植密度在10.5万～13.5万株/hm~2时,籽粒产量呈下降趋势,且各处理之间籽粒产量差异显著。单穗重、单穗粒重、千粒重及单株穗粒数均随种植密度的增加而逐渐降低,处理之间差异显著。建议通杂139种植密度为10.5万株/hm~2,株行距15.87 cm×50.00 cm,能很好地均衡土壤水肥条件,合理构置空间结构,最大限度地提高产量水平。
This study was conducted in order to further clarify the relationships between planting density of different sorghum varieties and soil moisture content,growth and development,biological yield and yield components.In this paper,the sorghum hybrid 'tongza 139' selected and bred by the sorghum research institute of Tongliao academy of agricultural sciences was used as the experimental material.Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different planting densities on soil water content,sorghum growth,yield and its components.The experiment was conducted with a randomized block design,with three densities 75 000 plants/hm~2105 000 plants/hm~2 and 135 000 plants/hm~2,and three replicates.Data analysis showed that plant height increased and stem diameter decreased with the increase of planting density.The average soil water content of 105 000 plants/hm~2 was 12.66% and 8.28% higher than those of 75 000 plants/hm~2 and135 000 plants/hm~2,respectively,and the differences were significant.Leaf area index increased significantly with the increase of planting density.When the planting density was between 75 000 and 105 000 plant/hm~2,as planting density increased,the grain yield increased accordingly.The panicle weight,grain weight per panicle,1000-grain weight and grain number per panicle all decreased with the increase of planting density.The results showed that when the planting density of 'tongza 139' was 105 000 plants/hm~2 and the row spacing of plants was 50 cm ×15.87 cm,the soil water and fertilizer conditions could be well balanced,the spatial structure could be rationally constructed and the yield level could be maximized.
This study was conducted in order to further clarify the relationships between planting density of different sorghum varieties and soil moisture content,growth and development,biological yield and yield components.In this paper,the sorghum hybrid 'tongza 139' selected and bred by the sorghum research institute of Tongliao academy of agricultural sciences was used as the experimental material.Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different planting densities on soil water content,sorghum growth,yield and its components.The experiment was conducted with a randomized block design,with three densities 75 000 plants/hm~2105 000 plants/hm~2 and 135 000 plants/hm~2,and three replicates.Data analysis showed that plant height increased and stem diameter decreased with the increase of planting density.The average soil water content of 105 000 plants/hm~2 was 12.66% and 8.28% higher than those of 75 000 plants/hm~2 and135 000 plants/hm~2,respectively,and the differences were significant.Leaf area index increased significantly with the increase of planting density.When the planting density was between 75 000 and 105 000 plant/hm~2,as planting density increased,the grain yield increased accordingly.The panicle weight,grain weight per panicle,1000-grain weight and grain number per panicle all decreased with the increase of planting density.The results showed that when the planting density of 'tongza 139' was 105 000 plants/hm~2 and the row spacing of plants was 50 cm ×15.87 cm,the soil water and fertilizer conditions could be well balanced,the spatial structure could be rationally constructed and the yield level could be maximized.
引文
[1]邓志兰,呼瑞梅,王振国,等.种植密度对杂交甜高粱通甜1号生长发育、品质及产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013(1):20-23.
[2]王劲松,杨楠,董二伟,等.不同种植密度对高粱生长、产量及养分吸收的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(36):253-258.
[3]淮贺举,陆洲,秦向阳,等.种植密度对小麦产量和群体质量影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(9):1-4.
[4]李小勇,唐启源,李迪秦,等.不同种植密度对超高产稻田春玉米产量性状及光合生理特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2011,26(5):174-180.
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[6]陈传永,侯海鹏,李强,等.种植密度对不同夏玉米品种叶片光合特性与碳氮变化的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(5):871-878.
[7]焦少杰,王黎明,姜艳喜,等.不同栽培密度对甜高粱产量和含糖量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(6):115-118.
[8]杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,等.种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1226-1233.
[9]刘伟,张吉旺,吕鹏,等.种植密度对高产夏玉米登海661产量及干物质积累与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(7):1301-1307.
[10]曹彩云,李伟,党红凯,等.不同种植密度对夏玉米产量、产量性状及群体光合特性的影响研究[J].华北农学报,2013,28(S):161-166.
[11]李岩,王振国,李默,等.适宜机械化作业极早熟高粱杂交种通早2号选育及栽培技术[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016(9):158-159.
[12]张广富,赵铭钦,王冬,等.不同种植密度烤烟净光合速率日变化与生理生态因子的关系[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(1):54-61.
[13]赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,等.灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,32(6):159-169.
[14]王瑞,刘国顺,倪国仕,等.种植密度对烤烟不同部位叶片光合特性及其同化积累的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2288-2295.
[15]吴文革,张洪程,吴桂成,等.超级稻群体籽粒库容特征的初步研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(2):250-257.
[16]要娟娟,薛泽民,赵萍萍,等.施肥与种植密度对春玉米SPAD值的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(10):1060-1063.
[17]顾学文,王军,谢玉华,等.种植密度与移栽期对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(22):258-264.
[2]王劲松,杨楠,董二伟,等.不同种植密度对高粱生长、产量及养分吸收的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(36):253-258.
[3]淮贺举,陆洲,秦向阳,等.种植密度对小麦产量和群体质量影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(9):1-4.
[4]李小勇,唐启源,李迪秦,等.不同种植密度对超高产稻田春玉米产量性状及光合生理特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2011,26(5):174-180.
[5]李鲁华,陈树宾,王友德,等.密度对高油玉米群体生理特性的影响[J].石河子大学学报,2006,24(2):183-186.
[6]陈传永,侯海鹏,李强,等.种植密度对不同夏玉米品种叶片光合特性与碳氮变化的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(5):871-878.
[7]焦少杰,王黎明,姜艳喜,等.不同栽培密度对甜高粱产量和含糖量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(6):115-118.
[8]杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,等.种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1226-1233.
[9]刘伟,张吉旺,吕鹏,等.种植密度对高产夏玉米登海661产量及干物质积累与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(7):1301-1307.
[10]曹彩云,李伟,党红凯,等.不同种植密度对夏玉米产量、产量性状及群体光合特性的影响研究[J].华北农学报,2013,28(S):161-166.
[11]李岩,王振国,李默,等.适宜机械化作业极早熟高粱杂交种通早2号选育及栽培技术[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016(9):158-159.
[12]张广富,赵铭钦,王冬,等.不同种植密度烤烟净光合速率日变化与生理生态因子的关系[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(1):54-61.
[13]赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,等.灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,32(6):159-169.
[14]王瑞,刘国顺,倪国仕,等.种植密度对烤烟不同部位叶片光合特性及其同化积累的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2288-2295.
[15]吴文革,张洪程,吴桂成,等.超级稻群体籽粒库容特征的初步研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(2):250-257.
[16]要娟娟,薛泽民,赵萍萍,等.施肥与种植密度对春玉米SPAD值的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(10):1060-1063.
[17]顾学文,王军,谢玉华,等.种植密度与移栽期对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(22):258-264.