采用小波包分解和模糊控制的风电机组储能优化配置
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摘要
大规模风电并网会对电力系统供需平衡以及电能质量带来巨大的挑战,采用蓄电池和超级电容构建的混合储能系统以平抑风电场输出功率波动可以有效地解决风电并网问题。利用小波包分解的分频技术对风电场不平衡功率进行分解,根据系统所允许的最大频率波动确定了系统自身消纳的高频功率波动分量,以分离出高频分量为目标确定了最优小波包分解层数和分频点,并按照储能系统成本年值最优原则实现了能量型和功率型储能的功率分配和容量配置。为实现蓄电池和超级电容荷电状态(SOC)不越限以及两者之间的配合使用,采用模糊控制算法对混合储能系统的充放电功率指令进行二次修正,保证了储能状态的实时更新和控制策略的长期运行。以某系统的实际风电场为例进行仿真分析,仿真结果验证了该方法的经济性和有效性。
Large-scale wind power grid connection will bring huge challenges to the balance between supply and demand and power quality. It is an effective means to solve the problem by using the hybrid energy storage system composed of battery and super capacitor to stabilize the wind power fluctuation. The imbalanced power is decomposed by wavelet frequency allocation. The component of the imbalanced power corresponding to the high frequency is determined with the grid permitted maximum frequency deviations. Therefore, we propose a wavelet packet optimal decomposition method for imbalance power to separate the high frequency components from the imbalanced power. According to the optimal principle of the energy storage system annual cost, the distribution of imbalance power between different energy storage and the optimized sizing are completed. In order to realize that the states of charge(SOC) of battery and super capacitor are kept in the limitation and they are coordinatively used, the fuzzy control algorithm is adopted to correct the power order to ensure real-time update of the energy storage status and long-term operation of the control strategy. Moreover, a wind farm in an isolated system is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness and economy of the proposed method.
Large-scale wind power grid connection will bring huge challenges to the balance between supply and demand and power quality. It is an effective means to solve the problem by using the hybrid energy storage system composed of battery and super capacitor to stabilize the wind power fluctuation. The imbalanced power is decomposed by wavelet frequency allocation. The component of the imbalanced power corresponding to the high frequency is determined with the grid permitted maximum frequency deviations. Therefore, we propose a wavelet packet optimal decomposition method for imbalance power to separate the high frequency components from the imbalanced power. According to the optimal principle of the energy storage system annual cost, the distribution of imbalance power between different energy storage and the optimized sizing are completed. In order to realize that the states of charge(SOC) of battery and super capacitor are kept in the limitation and they are coordinatively used, the fuzzy control algorithm is adopted to correct the power order to ensure real-time update of the energy storage status and long-term operation of the control strategy. Moreover, a wind farm in an isolated system is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness and economy of the proposed method.
引文
[1]汪海蛟,江全元.应用于平抑风电功率波动的储能系统控制与配置综述[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(19):126-135.WANG Haijiao,JIANG Quanyuan.An overview of control and configuration of energy storage system used for wind power fluctuation mitigation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(19):126-135.
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[11]李龙云,胡博,谢开贵,等.基于离散傅里叶变换的孤岛型微电网混合储能优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):108-116.LI Longyun,HU Bo,XIE Kaigui,et al.Capacity optimization of hybrid energy storage systems in isolated microgrids based on discrete fourier transform[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):108-116.
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[13]刘霞,江全元.风光储混合系统的协调优化控制[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(14):95-100.LIU Xia,JIANG Quanyuan.An optimal coordination control of hybrid wind/photovoltaic/energy storage system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(14):95-100.
[14]LIU Y,DU W,XIAO L,et al.Sizing a hybrid energy storage system for maintaining power balance of an isolated system with high penetration of wind generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(4):3267-3275.
[15]桑丙玉,王德顺,杨波,等.平滑新能源输出波动的储能优化配置方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3700-3706.SANG Bingyu,WANG Deshun,YANG Bo,et al.Optimal allocation of energy storage system for smoothing the output fluctuations of new energy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3700-3706.
[16]薛金花,叶季蕾,陶琼,等.采用全寿命周期成本模型的用户侧电池储能经济可行性研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2471-2476.XUE Jinhua,YE Jilei,TAO Qiong,et al.Economic feasibility of user-side battery energy storage based on whole-life-cycle cost model[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(8):2471-2476.
[17]SAUER D U,WENZL H.Comparison of different approaches for lifetime prediction of electrochemical systems-using lead-acid batteries as example[J].Journal of Power Sources,2008,176(2):534-546.
[18]吕超贤,李欣然,户龙辉,等.基于小波分频与双层模糊控制的多类型储能系统平滑策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(2):21-29.LüChaoxian,LI Xinran,HU Longhui,et al.A smoothing strategy for hybrid energy storage system based on wavelet frequency allocation and two-level fuzzy control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(2):21-29.
[2]江全元,龚裕仲.储能技术辅助风电并网控制的应用综述[J].电网技术,2015,39(12):3360-3368.JIANG Quanyuan,GONG Yuzhong.Review of wind power integration control with energy storage technology[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(12):3360-3368.
[3]WANG X,YUE M,MULJADI E,et al.Probabilistic approach for power capacity specification of wind energy storage systems[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(2):1215-1224.
[4]LI Q,CHOI S S,YUAN Y,et al.On the determination of battery energy storage capacity and short-term power dispatch of a wind farm[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2011,2(2):148-158.
[5]王成山,于波,肖峻,等.平滑可再生能源发电系统输出波动的储能系统容量优化方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(16):1-8.WANG Chengshan,YU Bo,XIAO Jun,et al.Sizing of energy storage systems for output smoothing of renewable energy systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(16):1-8.
[6]任惠,范雯惠,米增强.风场储能系统的设计及控制综述[J].储能科学与技术,2013,2(5):460-467.REN Hui,FAN Wenhui,MI Zengqiang.A review on the design and control strategy of energy storage system in wind power application[J].Energy Storage Science and Technology,2013,2(5):460-467.
[7]李滨,吴思缘,阳育德,等.大型风电场的控制性能评价标准及储能控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4691-4698.LI Bin,WU Siyuan,YANG Yude,et al.A research on the control performance standard and energy storage control strategy for large scale wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4691-4698.
[8]冯江霞,梁军,张峰,等.考虑调度计划和运行经济性的风电场储能容量优化计算[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(1):90-95.FENG Jiangxia,LIANG Jun,ZHANG Feng,et al.An optimization calculation method of wind farm energy storage capacity[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(1):90-95.
[9]张新松,顾菊平,袁越,等.基于电池储能系统的风功率波动平抑策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4752-4760.ZHANG Xinsong,GU Juping,YUAN Yue,et al.Strategy of smoothing wind power fluctuation based on battery energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):4752-4760.
[10]NGUYEN C L,LEE H H.A novel dual-battery energy storage system for wind power applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(10):6136-6147.
[11]李龙云,胡博,谢开贵,等.基于离散傅里叶变换的孤岛型微电网混合储能优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):108-116.LI Longyun,HU Bo,XIE Kaigui,et al.Capacity optimization of hybrid energy storage systems in isolated microgrids based on discrete fourier transform[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):108-116.
[12]严干贵,朱星旭,李军徽,等.内蕴运行寿命测算的混合储能系统控制策略设计[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(1):110-114.YAN Gangui,ZHU Xingxu,LI Junhui,et al.Control strategy design for hybrid energy storage system with intrinsic operation life measurement and calculation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(1):110-114.
[13]刘霞,江全元.风光储混合系统的协调优化控制[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(14):95-100.LIU Xia,JIANG Quanyuan.An optimal coordination control of hybrid wind/photovoltaic/energy storage system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(14):95-100.
[14]LIU Y,DU W,XIAO L,et al.Sizing a hybrid energy storage system for maintaining power balance of an isolated system with high penetration of wind generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(4):3267-3275.
[15]桑丙玉,王德顺,杨波,等.平滑新能源输出波动的储能优化配置方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3700-3706.SANG Bingyu,WANG Deshun,YANG Bo,et al.Optimal allocation of energy storage system for smoothing the output fluctuations of new energy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3700-3706.
[16]薛金花,叶季蕾,陶琼,等.采用全寿命周期成本模型的用户侧电池储能经济可行性研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2471-2476.XUE Jinhua,YE Jilei,TAO Qiong,et al.Economic feasibility of user-side battery energy storage based on whole-life-cycle cost model[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(8):2471-2476.
[17]SAUER D U,WENZL H.Comparison of different approaches for lifetime prediction of electrochemical systems-using lead-acid batteries as example[J].Journal of Power Sources,2008,176(2):534-546.
[18]吕超贤,李欣然,户龙辉,等.基于小波分频与双层模糊控制的多类型储能系统平滑策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(2):21-29.LüChaoxian,LI Xinran,HU Longhui,et al.A smoothing strategy for hybrid energy storage system based on wavelet frequency allocation and two-level fuzzy control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(2):21-29.