内蒙古白云鄂博群地层岩石地球化学:对浩尧尔忽洞金矿床层控机理研究
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摘要
华北克拉通北缘黑色页岩中分布了一系列大型-超大型金矿床和金矿点,但对于沉积地层与层控型金矿床间的成因联系至今尚未完全查明。对白云鄂博群的地层岩石学、地球化学、Pb同位素组成等方面展开了相关研究,以此来讨论地层对于浩尧尔忽洞金矿床的控矿机制。比鲁特组第一、二岩性段是金矿床的主要赋矿围岩,岩性间存在明显的物性差异,并富含碳。金矿石、比鲁特组和海西期岩浆岩的微量元素、稀土元素具有相似的变化曲线,均表现为La、Sm、Y、LREE富集,Nd、Ta、Sr、Zr、Hf、HREE亏损,和明显负Eu异常的特征。比鲁特组炭质板岩中的星点状黄铁矿与金矿石中的硫化物具有相似的Pb同位素组成(208 Pb/204Pb=38.960 0~38.982 9,207Pb/204Pb=15.643 5~15.684 2,206Pb/204Pb=18.566 0~18.921 7)。这些地质与地球化学数据结果表明,形成浩尧尔忽洞金矿床的成矿物质主要来源于白云鄂博群,加里东期区域挤压变形、海西期大规模岩浆活动和海西-印支期脆-韧性剪切作用一方面使地层中的金发生大规模活化、迁移,另一方面为含矿热液提供了良好通道和沉淀空间。比鲁特组中富含的有机质是金沉淀的有利还原剂。
There are many large and super-large gold deposits and spots in the Northern China Craton(NCC),which are hosted by black shales.However,there is currently no model for the role of marine sedimentary rocks in contact with gold deposits.In this paper,we present the results of the petrology,geochemistry and Pb isotope composition of Bayan Obo Group,and discuss the mechanism of Haoyaoerhudong gold ore bodies controlled by strata.There are many abrupt lithologic changes and carbon in the first and second lithologic sections of Bilute Formation,the main host rocks for gold orebodies in the study area.The ore,Bilute Formation and Hercynian magma rocks generally have a similar trace and REE elements variation trend such as the enrichment of La,Sm,Y,and LREE,and the depletion of Nd,Ta,Sr,Zr,Hf,and HREE.The star-like pyrite in carbonaceous slate of Bilute Formation and sulfide in ore have a similar Pb isotope composition,with the ranges of 208 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb,and 206 Pb/204 Pb varying from 38.960 0 to 38.982 9,15.643 5 to 15.684 2 and 18.566 0 to 18.921 7,respectively.These geological-geochemical characteristics indicate that ore-forming materials mainly come from the strata.On the one hand,the Caledonian regional compression deformation,large scale Hercynian magma intrusion and Hercynian-Indochina brittle-ductile shearing cooperated to make Au to active and migrate,and on the other hand,this cooperation provided better space for fluxion and emplacement of ore-forming fluids.And the carbon in Bilute Formation is better reductant for precipitation of Au in Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit.
There are many large and super-large gold deposits and spots in the Northern China Craton(NCC),which are hosted by black shales.However,there is currently no model for the role of marine sedimentary rocks in contact with gold deposits.In this paper,we present the results of the petrology,geochemistry and Pb isotope composition of Bayan Obo Group,and discuss the mechanism of Haoyaoerhudong gold ore bodies controlled by strata.There are many abrupt lithologic changes and carbon in the first and second lithologic sections of Bilute Formation,the main host rocks for gold orebodies in the study area.The ore,Bilute Formation and Hercynian magma rocks generally have a similar trace and REE elements variation trend such as the enrichment of La,Sm,Y,and LREE,and the depletion of Nd,Ta,Sr,Zr,Hf,and HREE.The star-like pyrite in carbonaceous slate of Bilute Formation and sulfide in ore have a similar Pb isotope composition,with the ranges of 208 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb,and 206 Pb/204 Pb varying from 38.960 0 to 38.982 9,15.643 5 to 15.684 2 and 18.566 0 to 18.921 7,respectively.These geological-geochemical characteristics indicate that ore-forming materials mainly come from the strata.On the one hand,the Caledonian regional compression deformation,large scale Hercynian magma intrusion and Hercynian-Indochina brittle-ductile shearing cooperated to make Au to active and migrate,and on the other hand,this cooperation provided better space for fluxion and emplacement of ore-forming fluids.And the carbon in Bilute Formation is better reductant for precipitation of Au in Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit.
引文
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[34]周建波,郑永飞,杨晓勇,等.白云鄂博地区构造格局与古板块构造演化[J].高校地质学报,2002,8(1):46-62.
[2]Coveney R M,Murowchick J B,Grauch R I,et al.Gold and platinum in shales with evidence against extraterrestrial sources of metals[J].Chemical Geology,1992,99(1/3):101-114.
[3]Mitkin V N,Galizky A A,Korda T M.Some observations on the determination of gold and the platinum-group elements in black shales[J].Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research,2000,24(2):227-240.
[4]Pasava J.A group of papers devoted to the metallogeny of black shales[J].Economic Geology,1996,91(1):1-3.
[5]Starostin V I,Yapaskurt O V.Au-Cu black shale formations[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(6):245-256.
[6]Distler V V,Yudovskaya M A,Mitrofanov G L,et al.Geology,composition and genesis of the Sukhoi Log noble metals deposit,Russia[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2004,24(1/2):7-44.
[7]Drew L J,Berger B R,Kurbanov N K.Geology and structural evolution of the Muruntau gold deposit,Kyzylkum Desert,Uzbekistan[J].Ore Geology Reviews,1996,11(4):175-196.
[8]Kempe U,Belyatsky B,Krymsky R,et al.Sm-Nd and Sr isotope systematics of scheelite from the giant Au(-W)deposit Muruntau(Uzbekistan):Implications for the age and sources of Au mineralization[J].Mineralium Deposita,2001,36(5):379-392.
[9]Large R R,Maslennikov V V,Robert F,et al.Multistage sedimentary and metamorphic origin of pyrite and gold in the giant Sukhoi Log deposit,Lena gold province,Russia[J].Economic Geology,2007,102(7):1233-1267.
[10]Meffre S,Large R R,Scott R,et al.Age and pyrite Pb-isotopic composition of the giant Sukhoi Log sediment-hosted gold deposit,Russia[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2008,72(9):2377-2391.
[11]Porter T M.The Tien Shan belt:Golden heart of Central Asia[J].Gangue,2006,88(1):4-5.
[12]Wilde A R,Layer P,Mernagh T,et al.The giant Muruntau gold deposit:Geologic,geochronologic,and fluid inclusion constraints on ore genesis[J].Economic Geology,2001,96(3):633-644.
[13]Wood B L,Popov N P.The giant Sukhoi log gold deposit,Siberia[J].Russian Geology and Geophysics,2006,47(3):315-341.
[14]聂凤军,江思宏,侯万荣,等.内蒙古中西部浅变质岩为容矿围岩的金矿床地质特征及形成过程[J].矿床地质,2010,29(1):58-70.
[15]张振法,牛颖智,杨万金,等.内蒙古朱拉扎嘎金矿物探化探新进展和超大型远景规模评述[J].物探与化探,2002,26(5):357-364.
[16]梁一鸿,张宏颖,秦亚,等.内蒙古十八顷壕金矿床的叠加成矿作用:来自黄铁矿组分特征的证据[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(1):77-83.
[17]Kempe U,Belyatsky B V,Krymsky R S,et al.Sm-Nd and Sr isotope systematics of scheelite from the giant Au(-W)deposit Muruntau(Uzbekistan):Implications for the age and sources of Au mineralization[J].Mineralium Deposita,2001,36(5):379-392.
[18]Goldfarb R J,Groves D I,Gardoll S.Orogenic gold and geologic time:A global synthesis[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2001,18(1/2):1-75.
[19]宁夏回族自治区核工业地质勘查院.内蒙古自治区乌拉特中旗浩尧尔忽洞金矿详查报告[R].银川:宁夏回族自治区核工业地质勘查院,2005.
[20]赵百胜,刘家军,王建平,等.内蒙古长山壕金矿矿床地球化学特征及成因研究[J].现代地质,2011,25(6):1077-1088.
[21]郭书胜.浩尧尔忽洞金矿床成因、控矿因素浅析[J].科技论坛,2008(16):22-23.
[22]Wang J P,Liu J J,Peng R M,et al.Gold mineralization in Proterozoic black shales:Example from the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit,northern margin of the North China Craton[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2014,63(2):150-159.
[23]周建波,郑永飞,杨晓勇,等.白云鄂博地区构造格局与古板块构造演化[J].高校地质学报,2002,8(1):46-62.
[24]Zhang H T,So C S,Yun S T.Regional geological setting and metallogenesis of central Inner Mongolia,China:Guides for exploration of mesothermal gold deposits[J].Ore Geology Reviews,1999,14(2):129-146.
[25]范宏瑞,胡芳芳,杨奎峰,等.内蒙古白云鄂博地区晚古生代闪长质-花岗质岩石年代学框架及地质意义[J].岩石学报,2009,25(11):2933-2938.
[26]肖伟,聂凤军,刘翼飞,等.内蒙古长山壕金矿区花岗岩同位素年代学研究及地质意义[J].岩石学报,2012,28(2):535-543.
[27]张海东,赵宗勤,李强,等.内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿床多期构造控矿作用浅析[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):122-130.
[28]刘建朝,王得权,张海东,等.内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿区花岗岩岩石成因及构造意义[J].地质力学学报,2013,19(4):413-423.
[29]张静,杨艳,胡海珠,等.河南银洞沟造山型因矿床碳硫铅同位素地球化学[J].岩石学报,2009,25(11):2833-2842.
[30]张宗清,袁忠信,唐索寒,等.白云鄂博矿床年龄和地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[31]朱炳泉.地球科学中同位素体系理论与应用:兼论中国大陆壳幔演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[32]翟裕生.矿田构造学概论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1984.
[33]李义明,王建平,彭润民,等.内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿床成矿流体特征[J].地质与勘探,2013,49(5):920-927.
[34]周建波,郑永飞,杨晓勇,等.白云鄂博地区构造格局与古板块构造演化[J].高校地质学报,2002,8(1):46-62.