动力电池串并联结构重组的均衡充电方法
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摘要
动力电池一般是将单体电池相互串联进行充电,由于工艺误差,导致各单体充电不均衡,从而影响电池的性能和使用寿命。为此,提出了一种串并联结构重组的均衡充电方法。充电开始时,采集各单体的端电压,将端电压最大和最小的单体进行并联,再将剩余单体中端电压最大和最小的电池进行并联,依此类推,将所有的并联组合进行串联;在充电过程中,实时采集各单体端电压并控制重组模块和外围开关管,动态地将电池组按上述方式进行串并联,从而实现电池的低损耗快速均衡充电。仿真实验结果表明所提方法能够使电池实现均衡充电,并且能将电池电压极差减小到1 mV以下。
Power batteries are generally charged by connecting single cells in series. Due to the process error,the charging of each cell is unbalanced,which affects the performance and service life of the batteries. Therefore,a ba-lanced charging method of power batteries with reconstructed series-parallel structure is proposed. At the beginning of charging,the terminal voltage of each cell is collected,the cells respectively with maximum and minimum terminal voltages are connected in parallel,then the ones respectively with maximum and minimum terminal voltages in the remaining cells are connected in parallel,and so on,finally all the parallel combinations are connected in series. In the process of charging,the terminal voltage of each cell is collected real-timely to control the reconstructed modules and peripheral switches,thus the cells are connected in series and parallel dynamically according to above method,so as to realize low-loss and fast balanced charging of the batteries. Simulative results show that the proposed method can realize balanced charging among batteries and reduce the voltage range of batteries to less than 1 mV.
Power batteries are generally charged by connecting single cells in series. Due to the process error,the charging of each cell is unbalanced,which affects the performance and service life of the batteries. Therefore,a ba-lanced charging method of power batteries with reconstructed series-parallel structure is proposed. At the beginning of charging,the terminal voltage of each cell is collected,the cells respectively with maximum and minimum terminal voltages are connected in parallel,then the ones respectively with maximum and minimum terminal voltages in the remaining cells are connected in parallel,and so on,finally all the parallel combinations are connected in series. In the process of charging,the terminal voltage of each cell is collected real-timely to control the reconstructed modules and peripheral switches,thus the cells are connected in series and parallel dynamically according to above method,so as to realize low-loss and fast balanced charging of the batteries. Simulative results show that the proposed method can realize balanced charging among batteries and reduce the voltage range of batteries to less than 1 mV.
引文
[1] 徐顺刚,王金平,许建平.一种延长电动汽车蓄电池寿命的均衡充电控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(3):43-48.XU Shungang,WANG Jinping,XU Jianping.An equalizing charge control strategy to extend battery cycle life for electric vehicles[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(3):43-48.
[2] OUYANG Quan,CHEN Jian,ZHENG Jian,et al.SOC estimation-based quasi-sliding mode control for cell balancing in lithium-ion battery packs[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(4):3427-3436.
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[9] 杨毅.基于脉冲变压器的锂离子电池组均衡系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2014,48(9):23-25.YANG Yi.Research on balancing system for li-ion battery based on pulse transformer[J].Power Electronics,2014,48(9):23-25.
[10] HAN Weiji,ZHANG Liang.Charging and discharging spaces-based current allocation in parallel-connected battery systems[C]//2016 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering(CASE).Fort Worth,TX,USA:IEEE,2016:1209-1214.
[11] DONG Bo,LI Ye,HAN Yehui.Parallel architecture for battery charge equalization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(9):4906-4913.
[12] CHEN Changsong,LIU Baoqi,DUAN Shanxu,et al.Centralized control of parallel connected power conditioning system for battery energy storage system in charge-discharge-storage power station[C]//2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2013:1087-1091.
[13] 陈益广,唐林,沈勇环.基于Boost-Buck电路的锂离子电池组均衡充电方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2014,26(10):56-60.CHEN Yiguang,TANG Lin,SHEN Yonghuan.Equalization charging method of lithium-ion battery series based on boost-buck circuit[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2014,26(10):56-60.
[14] 马秀娟,王晓亮,张华强.基于超级电容器的动力锂离子电池均衡电路[J].电力电子技术,2011,45(12):57-59.MA Xiujuan,WANG Xiaoliang,ZHANG Huaqiang.A super capacitor based equalizer for power lithium-ion battery[J].Power Electronics,2011,45(12):57-59.
[15] 刘和平,曾启才,郭强,等.电流矢量调制的动力电池组充电系统[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(7):81-85,91.LIU Heping,ZENG Qicai,GUO Qiang,et al.Power battery charging system based on current SVPWM[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(7):81-85,91.
[2] OUYANG Quan,CHEN Jian,ZHENG Jian,et al.SOC estimation-based quasi-sliding mode control for cell balancing in lithium-ion battery packs[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(4):3427-3436.
[3] OUYANG Quan,CHEN Jian,ZHENG Jian,et al.Optimal cell-to-cell balancing topology design for serially connected lithium-ion battery packs[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2018,9(1):350-360.
[4] 徐顺刚,钟其水,朱仁江.动力电池均衡充电控制策略研究[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(2):62-65.XU Shungang,ZHONG Qishui,ZHU Renjiang.Research of equalizing charge control strategy for power battery[J].Electric Machines and Control,2012,16(2):62-65.
[5] 梁嘉羿,王友仁,黄薛.串联蓄电池组均衡控制策略研究[J].电力电子技术,2016,50(11):63-65.LIANG Jiayi,WANG Youren,HUANG Xue.Research on the strategy of balancing control for series battery[J].Power Electronics,2016,50(11):63-65.
[6] 裴锋,黄向东,罗玉涛,等.电动汽车动力电池变流放电特性与荷电状态实时估计[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(9):164-168.PEI Feng,HUANG Xiangdong,LUO Yutao,et al.Variable current discharge characteristics and SOC estimation of EV/HEV battery[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(9):164-168.
[7] 宋永华,阳岳希,胡泽春.电动汽车电池的现状及发展趋势[J].电网技术,2011,35(4):1-7.SONG Yonghua,YANG Yuexi,HU Zechun.Present status and development trend of batteries for electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(4):1-7.
[8] 张寅孩,林俊,黎继刚.基于储能电感对称分布的动态均衡充电的研究[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(10):136-141.ZHANG Yinhai,LIN Jun,LI Jigang.Dynamic charge equalization with inductor symmetrically distributed[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(10):136-141.
[9] 杨毅.基于脉冲变压器的锂离子电池组均衡系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2014,48(9):23-25.YANG Yi.Research on balancing system for li-ion battery based on pulse transformer[J].Power Electronics,2014,48(9):23-25.
[10] HAN Weiji,ZHANG Liang.Charging and discharging spaces-based current allocation in parallel-connected battery systems[C]//2016 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering(CASE).Fort Worth,TX,USA:IEEE,2016:1209-1214.
[11] DONG Bo,LI Ye,HAN Yehui.Parallel architecture for battery charge equalization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(9):4906-4913.
[12] CHEN Changsong,LIU Baoqi,DUAN Shanxu,et al.Centralized control of parallel connected power conditioning system for battery energy storage system in charge-discharge-storage power station[C]//2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2013:1087-1091.
[13] 陈益广,唐林,沈勇环.基于Boost-Buck电路的锂离子电池组均衡充电方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2014,26(10):56-60.CHEN Yiguang,TANG Lin,SHEN Yonghuan.Equalization charging method of lithium-ion battery series based on boost-buck circuit[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2014,26(10):56-60.
[14] 马秀娟,王晓亮,张华强.基于超级电容器的动力锂离子电池均衡电路[J].电力电子技术,2011,45(12):57-59.MA Xiujuan,WANG Xiaoliang,ZHANG Huaqiang.A super capacitor based equalizer for power lithium-ion battery[J].Power Electronics,2011,45(12):57-59.
[15] 刘和平,曾启才,郭强,等.电流矢量调制的动力电池组充电系统[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(7):81-85,91.LIU Heping,ZENG Qicai,GUO Qiang,et al.Power battery charging system based on current SVPWM[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(7):81-85,91.
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