杂卤石对花生生长及养分吸收的影响
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摘要
为探讨杂卤石在北方典型棕壤上的应用效果,以花生为研究对象,于2015年2月至6月通过盆栽试验,以不施钾肥为对照,研究了杂卤石不同用量对花生荚果质量和花生秧干质量的影响,并比较了其与氯化钾、硫酸钾镁和硫酸钾对花生养分吸收及产量的影响差异。结果表明:在每千克土施用0～0.133 g K-_2O时,随着杂卤石施用量增加,花生荚果质量和花生秧干质量呈现出先增高后降低的趋势,其中每千克土施用0.089 g K-_2O时均最大,花生荚果质量较其他处理提高14.74%～48.08%,与每千克土壤施入0、0.022 g和0.044 g K-_2O的处理差异达显著水平;花生秧干质量较其他处理显著提高13.33%～49.08%。在每千克土施用0.089 gK-_2O的条件下,杂卤石处理花生荚果质量较氯化钾、硫酸钾镁和硫酸钾处理提高2.42%～12.32%,与氯化钾处理差异达显著水平,花生秧干质量较三种常规钾肥处理显著提高18.49%～25.44%。杂卤石处理植株氮含量较氯化钾、硫酸钾镁和硫酸钾处理平均显著提高1.92%～6.78%,植株钾含量较氯化钾、硫酸钾镁处理平均显著提高15.37%,钾肥表观利用率显著高于氯化钾和硫酸钾镁处理,钾肥农学利用率及钾肥偏生产力显著高于氯化钾处理,植株钙含量较氯化钾、硫酸钾镁和硫酸钾处理平均显著提高4.67%～9.86%,植株硫含量较氯化钾处理显著提高19.13%。研究表明,施用杂卤石能够提高花生荚果质量及花生秧干质量,并促进花生对氮、钾、钙和硫的吸收,其中杂卤石处理花生吸硫量提高可能是其花生荚果质量较氯化钾处理显著提高的主要原因,而吸钙量和吸氮量的提高可能是杂卤石处理花生秧干质量较氯化钾、硫酸钾镁和硫酸钾处理显著提高的主要原因。
In order to explore the scientific application of polyhalite in brown soil, the effects of polyhalite on nutrient uptake and plant growth of peanut were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that within 0～0.133 g K_2O·kg~(-1) soil, the yield of peanut increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the application rate of polyhalite. The peanut pod weight of 0.089 g K_2O·kg~(-1) soil ofpolyhalite treatment increased 14.74%～48.08%, the difference was significant between the treatment of 0, 0.022 g and 0.044 g K_2O·kg~(-1) soil. In addi?tion,the total biomass of 0.089 g K_2O·kg~(-1) soil polyhalite treatment increased significantly by 13.33%～49.08% compared with other treat?ments. Under the same K_2O application rate, the pods weight of peanut treated with polyhalite was higher than that of potassium chloride,potassium magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate, which increased by 2.42%～12.32%, and the difference was significant with potassium chloride. The total biomass of polyhalite treatment was significantly higher(18.49%～25.44%)than that of three kinds of conventional potas?sium fertilizer. Polyhalite could promote the absorption of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur in peanut. Compared with potassium chlo?ride, potassium magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate, polyhalite treatment increased average nitrogen content by 1.92%～6.78%, the po?tassium content of plant was 15.37% higher than that of potassium chloride and potassium magnesium sulfate treatments in an average. The apparent use effciency of polyhalite treatment was significantly higher than potassium chloride and potassium magnesium sulfate treatment,And the K agronomic efficiency and K partial factor productivity were significantly higher than potassium chloride treatment. The calcium content of plant increased by 4.67%～9.86% on average compared with potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate treatment. The sulfur content of plant was 19.13% higher than that of potassium chloride. The application of polyhalite can increase the pod weight of peanut and total biomass of peanut and promote the absorption of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur in peanut. The increase of sulfur absorption in peanut treated with polyhalite treatment may be the main reason for significantly increasing the pod weight of peanut compared with potassium chloride treatment. The increase of calcium uptake and nitrogen uptake may be the main reason for the increase of total biomass of peanut of polyhalite treatment compared with the treatment of potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate.
In order to explore the scientific application of polyhalite in brown soil, the effects of polyhalite on nutrient uptake and plant growth of peanut were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that within 0～0.133 g K_2O·kg~(-1) soil, the yield of peanut increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the application rate of polyhalite. The peanut pod weight of 0.089 g K_2O·kg~(-1) soil ofpolyhalite treatment increased 14.74%～48.08%, the difference was significant between the treatment of 0, 0.022 g and 0.044 g K_2O·kg~(-1) soil. In addi?tion,the total biomass of 0.089 g K_2O·kg~(-1) soil polyhalite treatment increased significantly by 13.33%～49.08% compared with other treat?ments. Under the same K_2O application rate, the pods weight of peanut treated with polyhalite was higher than that of potassium chloride,potassium magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate, which increased by 2.42%～12.32%, and the difference was significant with potassium chloride. The total biomass of polyhalite treatment was significantly higher(18.49%～25.44%)than that of three kinds of conventional potas?sium fertilizer. Polyhalite could promote the absorption of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur in peanut. Compared with potassium chlo?ride, potassium magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate, polyhalite treatment increased average nitrogen content by 1.92%～6.78%, the po?tassium content of plant was 15.37% higher than that of potassium chloride and potassium magnesium sulfate treatments in an average. The apparent use effciency of polyhalite treatment was significantly higher than potassium chloride and potassium magnesium sulfate treatment,And the K agronomic efficiency and K partial factor productivity were significantly higher than potassium chloride treatment. The calcium content of plant increased by 4.67%～9.86% on average compared with potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate treatment. The sulfur content of plant was 19.13% higher than that of potassium chloride. The application of polyhalite can increase the pod weight of peanut and total biomass of peanut and promote the absorption of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur in peanut. The increase of sulfur absorption in peanut treated with polyhalite treatment may be the main reason for significantly increasing the pod weight of peanut compared with potassium chloride treatment. The increase of calcium uptake and nitrogen uptake may be the main reason for the increase of total biomass of peanut of polyhalite treatment compared with the treatment of potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate.
引文
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[6]黄宣镇.杂卤石--一种理想的钾肥[C]//非金属矿物材料与环保、生态、健康研讨会论文集.北京:中国硅酸盐学会,2003.HUANG Xuan-zhen.An ideal potassium fertilizer[C]//Proceedings of the symposium on non-metallic mineral materials and environmental protection,ecology and health.Beijing:The Chinese Ceramic Society,2003.
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[9]付学鹏,吴凤芝,吴瑕,等.间套作改善作物矿质营养的机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):525-535.FU Xue-peng,WU Feng-zhi,WU Xia,et al.Advances in the mechanism of improving crop mineral nutrients in intercropping and relay intercropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(2):525-535.
[10]张丽,王寅,鲁剑巍,等.施钾对直播油菜产量及钾钙镁养分吸收的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2015,37(3):336-343.ZHANG Li,WANG Yin,LU Jian-wei,et al.Effect of potassium application on absorption of potassium,calcium and magnesium for directsowing winter rapeseed[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2015,37(3):336-343.
[11]侯迷红,范富,宋桂云,等.钾肥用量对甜荞麦产量和钾素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):340-346.HOU Mi-hong,FAN Fu,SONG Gui-yun,et al.Effect of K application rate on yield and K use efficiency of buckwheat[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2013,19(2):340-346.
[12]汪家铭.不溶性钾矿制取矿物钾肥及综合利用研究进展[J].化学工业,2014,32(1):25-28.WANG Jia-ming.Progress in preparation and comprehensive utilization of mineral potassium fertilizer from insoluble potassium ore[J].Chemical Industry,2014,32(1):25-28.
[13]秦文利,刘忠宽.黑麦-花生一体化种植模式中花生施肥量的研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(增刊):409-414.QIN Wen-li,LIU Zhong-kuan.Study on the NPK fertilization of peanut in the integrative planting of peanut and rye in one year[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(Suppl):409-414.
[14]李文博,官厚江,吕剑,等.杂卤石--富有潜力的钾盐矿资源[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2017(3):3-5.LI Wen-bo,GUAN Hou-jiang,LüJian,et al.Heterohalite:A potential potash mineral resource[J].China Non-metallic Mining Industry,2017(3):3-5.
[15]雍太文,刘小明,刘文钰,等.减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):474-482.YONG Tai-wen,LIU Xiao-ming,LIU Wen-yu,et al.Effects of reduced N application rate on yield and nutrient uptake and utilization in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):474-482.
[16]王媛媛,高波,张佳蕾,等.硫肥不同用量对花生生理性状及产量、品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014(12):67-71.WANG Yuan-yuan,GAO Bo,ZHANG Jia-lei,et al.Effects of different sulfur application rates on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of peanut[J].Shandong Agricultural Science,2014(12):67-71.
[17]沈浦,吴正锋,王才斌,等.花生钙营养效应及其与磷协同吸收特征[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(1):85-90.SHEN Pu,WU Zheng-feng,WANG Cai-bin,et al.Calcium nutrition function in peanut and its synergistic absorption characteristics with phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crops Sciences,2017,39(1):85-90.
[18]于天一,王春晓,张思斌,等.土壤酸胁迫下不同花生品种(系)钙吸收、分配及钙效率差异[J].核农学报,2018,32(4):751-759.YU Tian-yi,WANG Chun-xiao,ZHANG Si-bin,et al.Differences of calcium uptake,distribution and calcium efficiency of different peanut varieties(lines)under soil acidification stress[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2018,32(4):751-759.
[19]周卫,林葆.硝酸钙对花生生长和钙素吸收的影响[J].花生学报,1996(4):225-227.ZHOU Wei,LIN Bao.Effects of calcium nitrate on growth and calcium absorption of peanut[J].Journal of Peanut,1996(4):225-227.
[20]Satisha G C,Ganeshamurthy A N.Bioefficacy of polyhalite application on yield and quality of cabbage and cauliflower[R].International Potash Institute,2016,44:21-31.
[21]陈际型,宣家祥.低盐基土壤K、Ca、Mg的交互作用对水稻生长与养分吸收的影响[J].土壤学报,1999,36(4):433-439.CHEN Ji-xing,XUAN Jia-xiang.Effect of interactions of K,Ca and Mg applied to soils with low base content on growth and nutrient uptake by rice plant[J].Acta Pedeologica Sinica,1999,36(4):433-439.
[22]王飞,李清华,何春梅,等.酸性低钾土硫酸钾镁肥对花生生长及养分吸收的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(6):1090-1093.WANG Fei,LI Qing-hua,HE Chun-mei,et al.Effect of sulphate-potassium magnesium on growth and nutrient absorption of peanut in poor-K acid soil[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(6):1090-1093.
[2]王兴富,王石军,田红斌,等.青海盐湖提钾技术进展与我国钾肥工业的发展[J].化工矿物与加工,2017(11):48-52.WANG Xing-fu,WANG Shi-jun,TIAN Hong-bin,et al.Advances in potassium extraction technology progress in Qinghai Salt Lake and development of potash fertilizer industry in China[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2017(11):48-52.
[3]Prakash S,Verma J P.Global perspective of potash for fertilizer production[M]//Meena V S,Maurya B R,Verma J P,et al.Potassium solubilizing microorganisms for sustainable agriculture.Springer India,2016:327-331.
[4]Fraps G S.Availability to plants of potash in polyhalite[J].Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin,1932.
[5]Tiwari D D,Pandey S B,Katiyar N K.Effects of polyhalite as a fertilizer on yield and quality of the oilseed crops mustard and sesame[R].International Potash institute,2015,42:10-17.
[6]黄宣镇.杂卤石--一种理想的钾肥[C]//非金属矿物材料与环保、生态、健康研讨会论文集.北京:中国硅酸盐学会,2003.HUANG Xuan-zhen.An ideal potassium fertilizer[C]//Proceedings of the symposium on non-metallic mineral materials and environmental protection,ecology and health.Beijing:The Chinese Ceramic Society,2003.
[7]陈际型.杂卤石在红壤上的肥效[J].土壤,1999,31(1):33-35.CHEN Ji-xing.Fertilizer efficiency of heterohalite on red soil[J].Soil,1999,31(1):33-35.
[8]Pavuluri K.Potato response to polyhalite as a potassium source fertilizer in Brazil:Yield and quality[J].Hort Science,2018,53(3):373-379.
[9]付学鹏,吴凤芝,吴瑕,等.间套作改善作物矿质营养的机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):525-535.FU Xue-peng,WU Feng-zhi,WU Xia,et al.Advances in the mechanism of improving crop mineral nutrients in intercropping and relay intercropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(2):525-535.
[10]张丽,王寅,鲁剑巍,等.施钾对直播油菜产量及钾钙镁养分吸收的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2015,37(3):336-343.ZHANG Li,WANG Yin,LU Jian-wei,et al.Effect of potassium application on absorption of potassium,calcium and magnesium for directsowing winter rapeseed[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2015,37(3):336-343.
[11]侯迷红,范富,宋桂云,等.钾肥用量对甜荞麦产量和钾素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):340-346.HOU Mi-hong,FAN Fu,SONG Gui-yun,et al.Effect of K application rate on yield and K use efficiency of buckwheat[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2013,19(2):340-346.
[12]汪家铭.不溶性钾矿制取矿物钾肥及综合利用研究进展[J].化学工业,2014,32(1):25-28.WANG Jia-ming.Progress in preparation and comprehensive utilization of mineral potassium fertilizer from insoluble potassium ore[J].Chemical Industry,2014,32(1):25-28.
[13]秦文利,刘忠宽.黑麦-花生一体化种植模式中花生施肥量的研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(增刊):409-414.QIN Wen-li,LIU Zhong-kuan.Study on the NPK fertilization of peanut in the integrative planting of peanut and rye in one year[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(Suppl):409-414.
[14]李文博,官厚江,吕剑,等.杂卤石--富有潜力的钾盐矿资源[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2017(3):3-5.LI Wen-bo,GUAN Hou-jiang,LüJian,et al.Heterohalite:A potential potash mineral resource[J].China Non-metallic Mining Industry,2017(3):3-5.
[15]雍太文,刘小明,刘文钰,等.减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):474-482.YONG Tai-wen,LIU Xiao-ming,LIU Wen-yu,et al.Effects of reduced N application rate on yield and nutrient uptake and utilization in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):474-482.
[16]王媛媛,高波,张佳蕾,等.硫肥不同用量对花生生理性状及产量、品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014(12):67-71.WANG Yuan-yuan,GAO Bo,ZHANG Jia-lei,et al.Effects of different sulfur application rates on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of peanut[J].Shandong Agricultural Science,2014(12):67-71.
[17]沈浦,吴正锋,王才斌,等.花生钙营养效应及其与磷协同吸收特征[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(1):85-90.SHEN Pu,WU Zheng-feng,WANG Cai-bin,et al.Calcium nutrition function in peanut and its synergistic absorption characteristics with phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crops Sciences,2017,39(1):85-90.
[18]于天一,王春晓,张思斌,等.土壤酸胁迫下不同花生品种(系)钙吸收、分配及钙效率差异[J].核农学报,2018,32(4):751-759.YU Tian-yi,WANG Chun-xiao,ZHANG Si-bin,et al.Differences of calcium uptake,distribution and calcium efficiency of different peanut varieties(lines)under soil acidification stress[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2018,32(4):751-759.
[19]周卫,林葆.硝酸钙对花生生长和钙素吸收的影响[J].花生学报,1996(4):225-227.ZHOU Wei,LIN Bao.Effects of calcium nitrate on growth and calcium absorption of peanut[J].Journal of Peanut,1996(4):225-227.
[20]Satisha G C,Ganeshamurthy A N.Bioefficacy of polyhalite application on yield and quality of cabbage and cauliflower[R].International Potash Institute,2016,44:21-31.
[21]陈际型,宣家祥.低盐基土壤K、Ca、Mg的交互作用对水稻生长与养分吸收的影响[J].土壤学报,1999,36(4):433-439.CHEN Ji-xing,XUAN Jia-xiang.Effect of interactions of K,Ca and Mg applied to soils with low base content on growth and nutrient uptake by rice plant[J].Acta Pedeologica Sinica,1999,36(4):433-439.
[22]王飞,李清华,何春梅,等.酸性低钾土硫酸钾镁肥对花生生长及养分吸收的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(6):1090-1093.WANG Fei,LI Qing-hua,HE Chun-mei,et al.Effect of sulphate-potassium magnesium on growth and nutrient absorption of peanut in poor-K acid soil[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(6):1090-1093.