天津市道路车流量特征分析
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摘要
车流量是移动源和道路扬尘排放清单计算的一个重要参数,直接影响排放清单的不确定性.为了解天津市道路车流量特征,通过人工摄录法获取天津市一年四季5种不同类型共9条道路的车流量及车型分布信息,并对其特征进行分析.结果表明:天津市不同类型道路之间车流量总体上呈快速路(8 790辆/h)>主干道(4 077辆/h)>外环线(3 335辆/h)>次干道(2 461辆/h)>支路(1 507辆/h)的特征;冬季车流量最大,而春、夏两季相对较小.各类型道路车流量占比最大的车型均为轻型车(76. 88%～90. 71%),中型车(5. 31%～11. 80%)次之,重型车(3. 20%～11. 31%)最少;快速路和外环线工作日的车流量大于非工作日,并且差异具有统计学意义,呈"周末效应".研究显示:次干道和支路车流量与主干道车流量呈线性相关,在后续进行道路扬尘和移动源清单编制时,可以考虑通过将主干道车流量与次干道、支路拟合的方式减小工作量;此外,主干道、次干道和支路的早高峰,上、下午平峰,中午和晚高峰的车流量差异不大,可将一天划分为白天、夜晚和凌晨3个时段进行统计,从而节约时间和成本.
The traffic volume is a very important parameter in the emission inventory of mobile sources and road dust,which directly affects the uncertainty of the emission inventory. This study collected the traffic volume and vehicle type data of 9 roads in Tianjin City using traveling data recorders,and analyzed their characteristics. The results were as follows: the traffic volume among different types of roads in Tianjin City showed the characteristics of express way( 8790 vehicles/h) > major arterial( 4077 vehicles/h) > outer ring line( 3335 vehicles/h) > minor arterial( 2461 vehicles/h) > branch road( 1507 vehicles/h),and the traffic volume in winter was the highest,while the traffic volumes in spring and summer were lower. The percentage of the light vehicles was the greatest on all types of roads( 76. 88%-90. 71%),and the second was midsize vehicles( 5. 31%-11. 80%),the heavy vehicles were the last( 3. 20%-11. 31%). The traffic volume of the express way and the outer ring line during weekdays was greater than that of the weekends,and there was statistically significant difference,showing the‘weekend effect'. Besides,the traffic volume of the minor arterial and branch road was linearly related to that of the major arterial,so it could be considered that reducing the workload by fitting the major arterial traffic volume with that of minor arterial and branch road in the subsequent research in the emission inventory of mobile sources and road dust. And there is little difference in the traffic volume between the peak hours and off-peak hours in major arterial,minor arterial and branch road,so the whole day can be divided into three periods of time,day,night and early morning in order to save time and costs.
The traffic volume is a very important parameter in the emission inventory of mobile sources and road dust,which directly affects the uncertainty of the emission inventory. This study collected the traffic volume and vehicle type data of 9 roads in Tianjin City using traveling data recorders,and analyzed their characteristics. The results were as follows: the traffic volume among different types of roads in Tianjin City showed the characteristics of express way( 8790 vehicles/h) > major arterial( 4077 vehicles/h) > outer ring line( 3335 vehicles/h) > minor arterial( 2461 vehicles/h) > branch road( 1507 vehicles/h),and the traffic volume in winter was the highest,while the traffic volumes in spring and summer were lower. The percentage of the light vehicles was the greatest on all types of roads( 76. 88%-90. 71%),and the second was midsize vehicles( 5. 31%-11. 80%),the heavy vehicles were the last( 3. 20%-11. 31%). The traffic volume of the express way and the outer ring line during weekdays was greater than that of the weekends,and there was statistically significant difference,showing the‘weekend effect'. Besides,the traffic volume of the minor arterial and branch road was linearly related to that of the major arterial,so it could be considered that reducing the workload by fitting the major arterial traffic volume with that of minor arterial and branch road in the subsequent research in the emission inventory of mobile sources and road dust. And there is little difference in the traffic volume between the peak hours and off-peak hours in major arterial,minor arterial and branch road,so the whole day can be divided into three periods of time,day,night and early morning in order to save time and costs.
引文
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[23]李笑语,吴琳,邹超,等.基于实时交通数据的南京市主次干道机动车排放特征分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1340-1347.LI Xiaoyu,WU Lin,ZOU Chao,et al.Emission characteristics of vehicleexhaust in artery and collector roads in Nanjing based on real-time traffic data[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1340-1347.
[24]BATTERMAN S,COOK R,JUSTIN T.Temporal variation of traffic on highways and the development of accurate temporal allocation factors for air pollution analyses[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,107:351-363.
[25]孟健,付桦,赵晓林,等.北京西三环路分时段车流量分析[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(2):89-92.MENG Jian,FU Hua,ZHAO Xiaolin,et al.The investigation and analyze of the third ring's transportation stituation in Beijing[J].Journal of Capital Normal University(Nature Science Edition),2006,27(2):89-92.
[26]袁庄鹏,赵敏,黄辞海,等.城市节假日前后碳通量特征及其与车流量关系[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(9):3501-3506.YUAN Zhuangpeng,ZHAO Min,HUANG Cihai,et al.Characteristics of CO2flux before and after holidays and its relationship with traffic volume in urban area[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(9):3501-3506.
[27]杨浩明,王惠中,吴云波.南京市城区车流量的观测与特征分析[J].环境科技,2011,24(S2):98-101.YANG Haoming,WANG Huizhong,WU Yunbo.Observation and characteristics analysis of traffic flow in Nanjing[J].Environmental Science&Technology(China),2011,24(S2):98-101.
[28]张云伟,王晴茹,陈嘉,等.城市街谷内PM2.5浓度时空变化及影响因素分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):2944-2949.ZHANG Yunwei,WANG Qingru,CHEN Jia,et al.Temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5concentration in urban street canyons and analysis on the affecting factors[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(10):2944-2949.
[29]李坤,李友平,刘汉明,等.南充市车流量对城市空气质量的影响分析[J].广东化工,2014,41(15):163-164.LI Kun,LI Youping,LIU Hanming,et al.Influence of traffic flows on urban air ambient quality in Nanchong,China[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2014,41(15):163-164.
[30]CLEVELAND W S,GRAEDEL T E,KLEINER B,et al.Sunday and workday variations in photochemical air pollutants in New Jersey and New York[J].Science,1974,186(4168):1037-1038.
[31]CAI Changjie,GENG Fuhai,TIE Xuexi,et al.Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs measured in Shanghai,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(38):5005-5014.
[32]关辽,杨卓然,马彤,等.成都市PM10中碳质气溶胶长期来源特点[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(3):435-441.GUAN Liao,YANG Zhuoran,MA Tong,et al.Long-term source characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in PM10of Chengdu City,China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(3):435-441.
[33]沈利娟,王红磊,吕升,等.嘉兴市春季PM、主要污染气体和气溶胶粒径分布的周末效应[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4348-4357.SHEN Lijuan,WANG Honglei,LV Sheng,et al.Weekend effect in distributions of particulate matters,main gas pollutants and aerosol size in spring of Jiaxing[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(12):4348-4357.
[34]松鸿蒙,马田田,蒋建勋.基于中关村南大街车流量的描述统计分析[J].中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2013(S1):140-144.
[2]TAO Jun,ZHANG Leiming,HO Kinfai,et al.Impact of PM2.5,chemical compositions on aerosol light scattering in Guangzhou:the largest megacity in South China[J].Atmospheric Research,2014,135/136:48-58.
[3]吴昊,王体健,方欢,等.南京细颗粒物对城市热岛强度的影响[J].大气科学学报,2014,37(4):425-431.WU Hao,WANG Tijian,FANG Huan,et al.Impacts of aerosol on the urban heat island intensity in Nanjing[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences,2014,37(4):425-431.
[4]BISHT D S,DUMKA U C,KASKAOUTIS D G,et al.Carbonaceous aerosols and pollutants over Delhi urban environment:temporal evolution,source apportionment and radiative forcing[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,521/522:431-445.
[5]BURNETT R T,III C A P,EZZATI M,et al.An integrated risk function for estimating the global burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter exposure[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2014,122(4):397-403.
[6]BEELEN R,RAASCHOU-NIELSEN O,STAFOGGIA M,et al.Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality:an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project[J].Lancet,2014,383(9919):785-795.
[7]LELIEVELD J,EVANS J S,FNAIS M,et al.The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale[J].Nature,2015,525(7569):367-371.
[8]SHAO Min,TANG Xiaoyan,ZHANG Yuanhang,et al.City clusters in China:air and surface water pollution[J].Frontiers in Ecology&the Environment,2006,4(7):353-361.
[9]环境保护部.环境保护部发布《中国机动车环境管理年报(2017)》[EB/OL].北京:中华人民共和国生态环境部,2017[2018-05-23].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/sthjbgw/qt/201706/t20170603_415265.htm.
[10]LI Huiming,WANG Qingeng,YANG Meng,et al.Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5,aerosols in a megacity of southeast China[J].Atmospheric Research,2016,181:288-299.
[11]陈源,谢绍东,罗彬,等.重庆市主城区大气细颗粒物污染特征与来源解析[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2420-2430.CHEN Yuan,XIE Shaodong,LUO Bin,et al.Pollution characterization and source apportionment of fine particles in urban Chongqing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(7):2420-2430.
[12]宋娜,徐虹,毕晓辉,等.海口市PM2.5和PM10来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(10):1501-1509.SONG Na,XU Hong,BI Xiaohui,et al.Source apportionment of PM2.5and PM10in Haikou[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(10):1501-1509.
[13]LI Huiming,WANG Qingeng,YANG Meng,et al.Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5aerosols in a megacity of southeast China[J].Atmospheric Research,2016,181:288-299.
[14]许妍,周启星.天津城市交通道路扬尘排放特征及空间分布研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(12):2168-2173.XU Yan,ZHOU Qixing.Emission characteristics and spatial distribution of road fugitive dust in Tianjin,China[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(12):2168-2173.
[15]KAVOURAS I G,DUBOIS D W,NIKOLICH G,et al.Particulate dust emission factors from unpaved roads in the U.S.-Mexico border semi-arid region[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2016,124:189-192.
[16]彭康,杨杨,郑君瑜,等.珠江三角洲地区铺装道路扬尘排放因子与排放清单研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(10):2657-2663.PENG Kang,YANG Yang,ZHENG Junyu,et al.Emission factor and inventory of paved road fugitive dust sources in the Pearl River Delta Region[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(10):2657-2663.
[17]杨德容,叶芝祥,杨怀金,等.成都市铺装道路扬尘排放清单及空间分布特征研究[J].大气污染防治,2015,33(11):83-87.YANG Derong,YE Zhixiang,YANG Huaijin,et al.Emission inventory and spatial distribution of paved road fugitive dust in Chengdu in Sichuan Province[J].Air Pollution Control,2015,33(11):83-87.
[18]竹涛,李冉冉,李笑阳,等.北京市道路扬尘时空变化特征的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(12):38-42.ZHU Tao,LI Ranran,LI Xiaoyang,et al.Researceh on temporalspatial variation characteristics of road dust in Beijing City[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2016,38(12):38-42.
[19]程健,傅敏.重庆市主城区道路扬尘排放特性研究[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(4):40-44.CHENG Jian,FU Min.Emission characteristics of road dust in Chongqing urban area[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2015,22(4):40-44.
[20]彭康.珠江三角洲铺装道路扬尘源污染物排放及特征研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013:36-37.
[21]张伟,姬亚芹,李树立,等.天津市春季样方法道路扬尘PM2.5粒度乘数特征[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):1955-1959.ZHANG Wei,JI Yaqin,LI Shuli,et al.PM2.5size multiplier feature of road dust in Tianjin during spring with quadrat sampling method[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):1955-1959.
[22]樊守彬,张东旭,田灵娣,等.北京市交通扬尘PM2.5排放清单及空间分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(1):20-28.FAN Shoubin,ZHANG Dongxu,TIAN Lingdi,et al.Emission inventory and spatial distribution of road fugitive dust PM2.5in Beijing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(1):20-28.
[23]李笑语,吴琳,邹超,等.基于实时交通数据的南京市主次干道机动车排放特征分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1340-1347.LI Xiaoyu,WU Lin,ZOU Chao,et al.Emission characteristics of vehicleexhaust in artery and collector roads in Nanjing based on real-time traffic data[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1340-1347.
[24]BATTERMAN S,COOK R,JUSTIN T.Temporal variation of traffic on highways and the development of accurate temporal allocation factors for air pollution analyses[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,107:351-363.
[25]孟健,付桦,赵晓林,等.北京西三环路分时段车流量分析[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(2):89-92.MENG Jian,FU Hua,ZHAO Xiaolin,et al.The investigation and analyze of the third ring's transportation stituation in Beijing[J].Journal of Capital Normal University(Nature Science Edition),2006,27(2):89-92.
[26]袁庄鹏,赵敏,黄辞海,等.城市节假日前后碳通量特征及其与车流量关系[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(9):3501-3506.YUAN Zhuangpeng,ZHAO Min,HUANG Cihai,et al.Characteristics of CO2flux before and after holidays and its relationship with traffic volume in urban area[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(9):3501-3506.
[27]杨浩明,王惠中,吴云波.南京市城区车流量的观测与特征分析[J].环境科技,2011,24(S2):98-101.YANG Haoming,WANG Huizhong,WU Yunbo.Observation and characteristics analysis of traffic flow in Nanjing[J].Environmental Science&Technology(China),2011,24(S2):98-101.
[28]张云伟,王晴茹,陈嘉,等.城市街谷内PM2.5浓度时空变化及影响因素分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):2944-2949.ZHANG Yunwei,WANG Qingru,CHEN Jia,et al.Temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5concentration in urban street canyons and analysis on the affecting factors[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(10):2944-2949.
[29]李坤,李友平,刘汉明,等.南充市车流量对城市空气质量的影响分析[J].广东化工,2014,41(15):163-164.LI Kun,LI Youping,LIU Hanming,et al.Influence of traffic flows on urban air ambient quality in Nanchong,China[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2014,41(15):163-164.
[30]CLEVELAND W S,GRAEDEL T E,KLEINER B,et al.Sunday and workday variations in photochemical air pollutants in New Jersey and New York[J].Science,1974,186(4168):1037-1038.
[31]CAI Changjie,GENG Fuhai,TIE Xuexi,et al.Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs measured in Shanghai,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(38):5005-5014.
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