不同耕作方式对草甸土结构变化的影响
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摘要
为促进土壤结构改良,通过田间定位试验,从时间和空间尺度上,研究不同耕作与秸秆还田方式对典型旱地草甸土土壤团聚体和土壤容重的季节动态变化的影响。结果表明:不同耕作与培肥方式下,土壤容重均在20～30cm土层较高,平均1.51g·cm~(-3);不同耕作方式,0～40cm土层拔节期前NTDT-S增加0.05g·cm~(-3),30～50cm土层,趋势相反。浅翻会造成犁底层上移,0～30cm容重增加,而深翻增加了40～50cm土层容重。10～20cm质地为粉砂质粘土,40～50cm为粘土,其余土层为壤质粘土;免耕与耕作前土壤团聚体分布更接近,均在>1mm粒级处出现高峰,而ST与DT处理的波动性变化比较接近,NT处理在40～50cm土层的0.5～1.0和3.0～5.0mm粒径土粒含量明显高于ST与DT处理。横向比较,不同耕作方式下,团聚体分布不同;纵向比较,同一耕作方式,无论秸秆还田与否,不同粒级团聚体的波动性变化趋势一致。综合可知,土壤团聚体的机械稳定性受耕作方式影响较大,短期耕作与秸秆还田方式对土壤理化性状的影响虽受年季间的影响发生变化。
In order to promote soil structure improvement,the effects of different tillage and straw mulching methods on the seasonal dynamic changes of soil aggregates and soil bulk density in typical upland meadow soils were studied through field location experiments on time and space scales.The results showed that under different tillage and fertilizer cultivation methods,the bulk density of soil was higher in the soil layer of 20-30 cm,with an average of 1.51 g·cm~(-3).Different tillage methods,0-40 cm soil layer NTDT-S,and the trend was opposite in the 30-50 cm soil layer.Shallow turning will cause the bottom layer of plough to move upward,and the bulk density of 0-30 cm will increase,while deep turning will increase the bulk density of 40-50 cm soil layer.The texture of 10-20 cm was silty clay,40-50 cm was clay,and the remaining soil layer was loamy clay.The distribution of soil aggregates was closer to that of soil aggregates before no-tillage and tillage,and they all peaked at>and 1 mm grain size,while the fluctuation of ST and DT treatment was close,and the content of soil particles with particle size of0.5-1.0 and 3.0-5.0 mm in the soil layer with NT treatment was significantly higher than that of ST and DT treatment.The distribution of aggregates was different under different tillage methods.Longitudinal comparison showed that the variation trend of aggregates with different grain size was consistent with the same tillage method,no matter whether straw was returned to the field or not.It can be concluded that the mechanical stability of soil aggregates is greatly affected by tillage methods.Although the influences of short-term tillage and straw mulching on soil physical and chemical properties change from year to season,they provide scientific basis for the comprehensive supporting measures such as tillage and fertilizer cultivation in agricultural production.
In order to promote soil structure improvement,the effects of different tillage and straw mulching methods on the seasonal dynamic changes of soil aggregates and soil bulk density in typical upland meadow soils were studied through field location experiments on time and space scales.The results showed that under different tillage and fertilizer cultivation methods,the bulk density of soil was higher in the soil layer of 20-30 cm,with an average of 1.51 g·cm~(-3).Different tillage methods,0-40 cm soil layer NT
引文
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[2]孔凡磊,陈阜,张海林,等.轮耕对土壤物理性状和冬小麦产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):150-155.
[3]赵金花,张丛志,张佳宝.农田生态系统中土壤有机碳与团聚体相互作用机制的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(35):152-157.
[4]张丽,张中东,郭正宇,等.深松耕作和秸秆还田对农田土壤物理特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015(1):103-106.
[5]聂良鹏,郭利伟,牛海燕,等.轮耕对小麦-玉米两熟农田耕层构造及作物产量与品质的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(3):468-478.
[6]Mccaty G W,Lyssenko N N.Short-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools during tillage management transition[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1998,62(6):1564-1571.
[7]Franzluebbers A J,Hons F M,Zuberer D A.Tillage and crop effects on seasonal dynamics of soil CO2evolution,water content,temperature,and bulk density[J].Applied Soil Ecology,1995,2(2):95-109.
[8]陈强.作方式对黑土理化性状季节变化的影响[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[9]Derpsch R,Franzluebbers A J,Duiker S W,et al.Why do we need to standardize no-tillage research?[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2014,137:16-22.
[10]鲍士旦.农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:22-24.
[11]孙鸿烈,光崧.壤理化分析与剖面描述[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[12]霍志军.田间试验与生物统计[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:88-105.
[13]刘京,常庆瑞,李岗,等.连续不同施肥对土壤团聚性影响的研究[J].水土保持通报,2000,20(4):24-26.