餐厨垃圾有机酸发酵液淋洗去除土壤重金属
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摘要
餐厨垃圾发酵产生的大量酸性发酵液可淋洗去除土壤重金属。为增加餐厨垃圾发酵液中的挥发性有机酸产量,并探讨发酵液淋洗去除土壤重金属的效果,研究了控制pH、添加酵母菌和醋酸菌以及预处理3种手段对发酵过程产酸的影响。结果表明:添加酵母菌和醋酸菌可有效提高乙酸的产量,添加5%时乙酸产量为7.32 g·L~(-1),添加10%时为15.06 g·L~(-1);持续调控pH为6.00和碱预处理可增加发酵液中乙酸的比例。在5种预处理条件下,碱预处理对反应的促进作用最大,乙酸产量可提高到18.29 g·L~(-1)。小型批实验中,采用最佳预处理条件发酵液对土壤重金属进行去除,Cd去除率为92.9%、Cu去除率为78.8%、Pb去除率为34.5%、Zn去除率为52.2%、Ni去除率为61.2%。在柱淋洗实验中,发现Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni的去除效果较好,Pb的去除效果稍差。发酵液的重金属淋洗效果相比醋酸提高了20%～52%。有机酸发酵液是一种具有应用前景的土壤重金属淋洗剂。
A large amount of acidic fermentation liquids produced by the fermentation of kitchen waste can be utilized to remove heavy metals from the soil. In order to further increase the production of volatile organic acids in the fermentation liquids of kitchen waste, three methods including pH control, addition of yeast and acetic acid bacteria, and the pretreatments were studied to increase acids yield. It was found that addition of yeast and acetic acid bacteria can effectively increase the yield of acetic acid, 5% and 10% addition can result in 7.32 g·L~(-1) and 15.06 g·L~(-1) acetic acid production, respectively. Continuous adjusting pH=6 or alkali pretreatment also promoted the proportion of acetic acids in fermentation liquids, and the latter could improve the acetic acid yield production to 18.29 g·L~(-1), which showed the highest promotion effect. The fermentation liquids derived from the optimized pretreatment conditions were used to remove heavy metals from the soil. In the small batch experiment, the removal rates of Cd, Cu, Pb Zn and Ni were 92.9%, 78.8%, 34.5%, 52.2% and 61.2%,respectively. The column leaching experiments showed that the removal effects of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni were better than Pb. Compared with acetic acid, the heavy metal leaching effect by the fermentation liquids increased by20%～52%, which is a promising soil heavy metal eluent.
A large amount of acidic fermentation liquids produced by the fermentation of kitchen waste can be utilized to remove heavy metals from the soil. In order to further increase the production of volatile organic acids in the fermentation liquids of kitchen waste, three methods including pH control, addition of yeast and acetic acid bacteria, and the pretreatments were studied to increase acids yield. It was found that addition of yeast and acetic acid bacteria can effectively increase the yield of acetic acid, 5% and 10% addition can result in 7.32 g·L~(-1) and 15.06 g·L~(-1) acetic acid production, respectively. Continuous adjusting pH=6 or alkali pretreatment also promoted the proportion of acetic acids in fermentation liquids, and the latter could improve the acetic acid yield production to 18.29 g·L~(-1), which showed the highest promotion effect. The fermentation liquids derived from the optimized pretreatment conditions were used to remove heavy metals from the soil. In the small batch experiment, the removal rates of Cd, Cu, Pb Zn and Ni were 92.9%, 78.8%, 34.5%, 52.2% and 61.2%,respectively. The column leaching experiments showed that the removal effects of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni were better than Pb. Compared with acetic acid, the heavy metal leaching effect by the fermentation liquids increased by20%～52%, which is a promising soil heavy metal eluent.
引文
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[16]苑宏英,张华星,陈银广,等.pH对剩余污泥厌氧发酵产生的COD、磷及氨氮的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(7):1358-1361.
[17]徐龙君,吴江.预处理对城市固体有机垃圾厌氧发酵的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(1):62-65.
[18]BABEL S,FUKUSHI K,SITANRASSAMEE B.Effect of acid speciation on solid waste liquefaction in an anaerobic acid digester[J].Water Research,2004,38(9):2417-2423.
[19]CHIANG P N,TONG O Y,CHIOU C S,et al.Reclamation of zinc-contaminated soil using a dissolved organic carbon solution prepared using liquid fertilizer from food-waste composting[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,301:100-105.
[20]LIU C,LIN Y.Reclamation of copper-contaminated soil using EDTA or citric acid coupled with dissolved organic matter solution extracted from distillery sludge[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,178(1):97-101.
[21]王旦一,朱洪光.厌氧发酵液后续处理研究进展及展望[J].现代农业科技,2011(9):281-284.
[22]COLLINS R N.Separation of low-molecular mass organic acid-metal complexes by high-performance liquid chromatography[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1059(1):1-12.
[23]BOSECKER K.Bioleaching:Metal solubilization by microorganisms[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,1997,20(3/4):591-604.
[24]ASH C,TEJNECKY V,BORUVKA L,et al.Different low-molecular-mass organic acids specifically control leaching of arsenic and lead from contaminated soil[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2016,187:18-30.
[25]SCHWAB A P,HE Y,BANKS M K.The influence of organic ligands on the retention of lead in soil[J].Chemosphere,2005,61(6):856-866.
[26]陈海凤,莫良玉,范稚莲.有机酸对重金属污染耕地土壤的修复研究[J].现代农业科学,2009(3):141-143.
[27]许端平,李晓波,孙璐.有机酸对土壤中Pb和Cd淋洗动力学特征及去除机理[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(3):261-266.
[2]ESRA U K,TRZCINSKI A P,NG W J,et al.Bioconversion of food waste to energy:A review[J].Fuel,2014,134(9):389-399.
[3]袁玉玉,曹先艳,牛冬杰,等.餐厨垃圾特性及处理技术[J].环境卫生工程,2006,14(6):46-49.
[4]曹先艳,赵由才.酸化餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产氢研究[J].环境污染与防治,2011,33(7):43-46.
[5]李梦琪,陈吕军.餐厨垃圾发酵废液组分表征[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(2):683-688.
[6]程喆,王晓昌,张永梅,等.厨余发酵液作为反硝化碳源的规律研究[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(2):719-724.
[7]ZHANG Y,WANG X C,CHENG Z,et al.Effect of fermentation liquid from food waste as a carbon source for enhancing denitrification in wastewater treatment[J].Chemosphere,2016,144(42):689-696.
[8]DACERA D D M,BABEL S.Heavy metals removal from contaminated sewage sludge by naturally fermented raw liquid from pineapple wastes[J].Water Science&Technology,2007,56(7):145-152.
[9]DAI S,LI Y,ZHOU T,et al.Reclamation of heavy metals from contaminated soil using organic acid liquid generated from food waste:Removal of Cd,Cu,and Zn,and soil fertility improvement[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,24(18):1-10.
[10]李阳,邓悦,周涛,等.预处理对菌接种餐厨垃圾发酵产乙酸的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):1838-1843.
[11]LI Y,HE D,NIU D,et al.Acetic acid production from food wastes using yeast and acetic acid bacteria micro-aerobic fermentation[J].Bioprocess&Biosystems Engineering,2015,38(5):863-869.
[12]YAN B H,SELVAM A,WONG J W.Application of rumen microbes to enhance food waste hydrolysis in acidogenic leachbed reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,168(3):64-71.
[13]MEULEPAS R J,GONZALEZGIL G,TESHAGER F M,et al.Anaerobic bioleaching of metals from waste activated sludge[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,514:60-67.
[14]王佳明,蒋建国,宫常修,等.超声波预处理对餐厨垃圾产VFAs的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1207-1211.
[15]SAIRAKU A,YOSHIDA Y,HIRAYAMA H,et al.Hydrothermal degradation of organic matter in municipal sludge using non-catalytic wet oxidation[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,260(115):846-854.
[16]苑宏英,张华星,陈银广,等.pH对剩余污泥厌氧发酵产生的COD、磷及氨氮的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(7):1358-1361.
[17]徐龙君,吴江.预处理对城市固体有机垃圾厌氧发酵的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(1):62-65.
[18]BABEL S,FUKUSHI K,SITANRASSAMEE B.Effect of acid speciation on solid waste liquefaction in an anaerobic acid digester[J].Water Research,2004,38(9):2417-2423.
[19]CHIANG P N,TONG O Y,CHIOU C S,et al.Reclamation of zinc-contaminated soil using a dissolved organic carbon solution prepared using liquid fertilizer from food-waste composting[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,301:100-105.
[20]LIU C,LIN Y.Reclamation of copper-contaminated soil using EDTA or citric acid coupled with dissolved organic matter solution extracted from distillery sludge[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,178(1):97-101.
[21]王旦一,朱洪光.厌氧发酵液后续处理研究进展及展望[J].现代农业科技,2011(9):281-284.
[22]COLLINS R N.Separation of low-molecular mass organic acid-metal complexes by high-performance liquid chromatography[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1059(1):1-12.
[23]BOSECKER K.Bioleaching:Metal solubilization by microorganisms[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,1997,20(3/4):591-604.
[24]ASH C,TEJNECKY V,BORUVKA L,et al.Different low-molecular-mass organic acids specifically control leaching of arsenic and lead from contaminated soil[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2016,187:18-30.
[25]SCHWAB A P,HE Y,BANKS M K.The influence of organic ligands on the retention of lead in soil[J].Chemosphere,2005,61(6):856-866.
[26]陈海凤,莫良玉,范稚莲.有机酸对重金属污染耕地土壤的修复研究[J].现代农业科学,2009(3):141-143.
[27]许端平,李晓波,孙璐.有机酸对土壤中Pb和Cd淋洗动力学特征及去除机理[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(3):261-266.