草铵膦对转基因抗草铵膦马铃薯田间杂草的防效及安全性评价
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摘要
为了解草铵膦对转基因抗草铵膦马铃薯田间杂草的防效及对马铃薯和环境的安全性,本研究在转基因抗草铵膦马铃薯苗期向田间杂草和马铃薯茎叶定向喷施有效成分分别为0(G0)、847.5(G1)、1 271.25(G2)和1 695 g·hm~(-2)(G3)的草铵膦,系统比较了药后1、4、11和20 d时马铃薯叶片丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,药后30和45 d时马铃薯植株的平均株高、茎直径、根茎叶鲜干重和杂草株数,以及成熟期马铃薯块茎营养品质、单株产量、土壤和块茎中草铵膦残留在各处理间的差异。结果表明,药后不同时期,各处理间的马铃薯叶片MDA和Pro含量、SOD和CAT活性均无显著差异。药后30和45 d时,除各草铵膦处理区的根茎叶鲜干重显著高于清水对照外,各处理间的马铃薯株高、茎直径和成熟期块茎营养品质均无显著差异,说明试验剂量的草铵膦对马铃薯生长发育及品质无显著影响。与清水对照相比,各剂量的草铵膦对杂草均有明显的防除效果,且可以明显地提高马铃薯的单株产量,杂草的株、鲜重防效和成熟期马铃薯单株产量在各处理间的差异均依次表现为G3>G2>G1,但在土壤和块茎中均未检测到草铵膦残留。综上,采用有效成分1 695 g·hm~(-2)草铵膦可以有效防除杂草,对马铃薯安全,且在土壤和马铃薯块茎中未检出草铵膦残留。本研究结果为草铵膦的科学使用提供了理论依据。
To understand the control effect of glyphosate on weeds in transgenic glyphosate-resistant potato fields and its safety to potatoes and the environment, 20 d after the seedling emergence of potatoes, the stems and leaves of potato and weeds were sprayed by glufosinate water agent with different active ingredients of 0(G0), 847.5(G1), 1 271.25(G2) and 1 695 g·hm~(-2)(G3). Differences among different treatments about the content of MDA and Pro, the activities of SOD and CAT in potato leaves on 1, 4, 11 and 20 d after spraying glufosinate, the average height, stem diamter, fresh and dry weight of rhizome and leaf of potato plants, and the number of weeds on 30 and 45 d after spraying glufosinate, and the nutrient quality and per plant yield of mature potato tubers were analyzed. The results showed that at each stage after spraying glufosinate, the content of MDA and Pro, the activities of SOD and CAT in potato leaves treated with each test dose of glufosinate were not significantly different from those of sprayed water. The fresh and dry weight of potato rhizome and leaf in every treatment were significantly higher than those in treatment with water. While the potato plant height, stem diameter and nutrient quality of mature potato tubers in each dose treatment were not significantly different from those in treatment with water, indicating that the test dose of glufosinate had no significant effect on potato growth and development. Compared with water, each dose of glufosinate could significantly control weeds, and then increased the yield of potato per plant. The control effect of plant and fresh weight on weeds, the potato per plant yield of each treatment were very different, and 3 treatments followed the order of G3>G2>G1. Therefore, the glyphosate with an active ingredient of 1 695 g·hm~(-2)can well control weeds in field of transgenic glufosinate-resistant potato and does not cause phytotoxicity and glufosinate residue to potato and soil.
To understand the control effect of glyphosate on weeds in transgenic glyphosate-resistant potato fields and its safety to potatoes and the environment, 20 d after the seedling emergence of potatoes, the stems and leaves of potato and weeds were sprayed by glufosinate water agent with different active ingredients of 0(G0), 847.5(G1), 1 271.25(G2) and 1 695 g·hm~(-2)(G3). Differences among different treatments about the content of MDA and Pro, the activities of SOD and CAT in potato leaves on 1, 4, 11 and 20 d after spraying glufosinate, the average height, stem diamter, fresh and dry weight of rhizome and leaf of potato plants, and the number of weeds on 30 and 45 d after spraying glufosinate, and the nutrient quality and per plant yield of mature potato tubers were analyzed. The results showed that at each stage after spraying glufosinate, the content of MDA and Pro, the activities of SOD and CAT in potato leaves treated with each test dose of glufosinate were not significantly different from those of sprayed water. The fresh and dry weight of potato rhizome and leaf in every treatment were significantly higher than those in treatment with water. While the potato plant height, stem diameter and nutrient quality of mature potato tubers in each dose treatment were not significantly different from those in treatment with water, indicating that the test dose of glufosinate had no significant effect on potato growth and development. Compared with water, each dose of glufosinate could significantly control weeds, and then increased the yield of potato per plant. The control effect of plant and fresh weight on weeds, the potato per plant yield of each treatment were very different, and 3 treatments followed the order of G3>G2>G1. Therefore, the glyphosate with an active ingredient of 1 695 g·hm~(-2)can well control weeds in field of transgenic glufosinate-resistant potato and does not cause phytotoxicity and glufosinate residue to potato and soil.
引文
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[3] Markéta M,Mikulá? M,Josef S.Effect of chemical weed control on crop yields in different crop rotations in a long-term field trial[J].Crop Protection,2018,114:215-222
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[7] 李斐.乙草胺及其混剂在马铃薯田应用研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014
[8] 李云河,李香菊,彭于发.转基因耐除草剂作物的全球开发与利用及在我国的发展前景和策略[J].植物保护,2011,37(6):32-37
[9] 邱龙,马崇烈,刘博林,章旺根.耐除草剂转基因作物研究现状及发展前景[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(12):2357-2363
[10] 强胜,宋小玲,戴伟民.抗除草剂转基因作物面临的机遇与挑战及其发展策略[J].生物技术学报,2010,18(1):114-125
[11] 周浩,杨益善,唐俐,肖国樱.草铵膦在转基因抗除草剂杂交稻直播栽培中的应用效果[J].作物研究,2013,27(5):427-430
[12] 益军.草铵膦进入“量增价稳”薄利时代[J].农药市场信息,2016(24):31-32
[13] 华乃震.非选择性除草剂的进展和应用[J].农药市场信息,2011(21):19-20
[14] 张宏军,倪汉文,周志强,江树人.抗草铵膦转基因作物及其生物安全性研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,7(5):54-60
[15] 温莉娴,周菲,邹玉兰.抗除草剂转基因水稻的研究进展[J].植物保护学报,2018,45(5):954-960
[16] 张正国.农杆菌介导BADH基因转化马铃薯的耐盐研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011:35
[17] Wagdy A S.Ultrasound-mediated stable transformation of potato tuber discs [J].Biotechnology Techniques,1996,10(11):821-824
[18] 贾小霞,齐恩芳,王一航,文国宏,龚成文,王红梅,李建武,马胜,胡新元.转录因子DREB1A基因和Bar基因双价植物表达载体的构建及对马铃薯遗传转化的研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):110-117
[19] Kransz R F,Kapusta Q,Matthews J L.Evaluation of glufosinate-resistance corn (Zea mays) and glufosinate:Efficacy on annual weeds[J].Weed Technology,1999,13(4):691-696
[20] Schmutzler K.Chances and risks of genetically engineered herbicide tolerance [J].Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection,1999,32(2):83-87
[21] Matthew W M,Williams S C,Mark J V.The effect of weed density and application timing on weed control and corn grain yield [J].Weed Technology,2005,19:102-107
[22] 夏腾霄,张胜,陈武兵,李反霞.不同灌水量对膜下滴灌马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(1):23-27
[23] 钟鹏,刘杰,王建丽,常博文.花生对低温胁迫的生理响应及抗寒性评价[J].核农学报,2018,32(6):1195-1202
[24] 唐鑫华,曲自成,张浩,魏峭嵘,张丽莉,石瑛.块茎形成期外施表油菜素内酯对马铃薯生理和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(9):1855-1863
[25] 李雪,田新会,杜文华.小黑麦品系成株期抗旱性研究[J].核农学报,2018,32(2):377-388
[26] 卫生部食品卫生监督检验所.GB 5009.3-2016食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[27] 赵铁果,孟广勤.NY/T 11-1985 谷物籽粒粗淀粉测定法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1985
[28] 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所,北京市疾病预防控制中心.GB/T 5009.7-2016食品中还原糖的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[29] 中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.GB/T 5009.86-2016蔬菜、水果及其制品中总抗坏血酸的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[30] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 5009.5-2016食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[31] 马国兰,刘都才,刘雪源,唐涛,彭亚军.不同除草剂对直播稻田杂草的防效及安全性评价[J].杂草科学,2014,32(1):91-96
[32] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,中华人民共和国农业农村部,国家市场监督管理总局.GB 23200.108-2018 食品安全国家标准植物源性食品中草铵膦残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱联用法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018
[33] 杨益善,唐俐,蔡卫青,邓晓湘,盛夏冰.不同草铵膦用量对耐除草剂水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2012,33(6):736-740
[34] 姜伟丽,马小艳,任向亮,彭军,马亚杰.除草剂草铵膦对转基因抗草铵膦棉花生长发育的影响[J].生物安全学报,2016,25(4):286-290
[35] 马胜,贾小霞,文国宏,李高峰,齐恩芳,刘石,李掌,李建武,张荣.草铵膦对转Bar基因马铃薯的药害及田间杂草的防治效果[J].中国马铃薯,2017,31(6):353-358
[36] Yordanova E,Georgieva K,Gorinova N,Yordanov Y.Influence of the herbicide chlortoluron on photosynthetic activity in transgenic tobacco plants[J].Photosynthetica,2001,39(2):313-316
[37] 孔治有,杨志雷,覃鹏.低温和异丙隆对大麦生理生化特性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(4):701-704
[2] 曹立耘.马铃薯化学除草要选用对路的除草剂[J].农药市场信息,2018,28(30):50-51
[3] Markéta M,Mikulá? M,Josef S.Effect of chemical weed control on crop yields in different crop rotations in a long-term field trial[J].Crop Protection,2018,114:215-222
[4] 吴仁海,孙慧慧,苏旺苍,徐洪乐,薛飞,魏红梅,鲁传涛.几种除草剂对马铃薯安全性及混用效果[J].农药,2018,57(1):61-66
[5] 牛树君,李玉奇,张新瑞,余海涛,胡冠芳.防除马铃薯田阔叶杂草除草剂的筛选及对马铃薯安全性[J].中国马铃薯,2017,31(5):278-282
[6] 陈庆华,周小刚,郑仕军,高菡,朱建义,唐裕智,涂敏虹.几种除草剂防除马铃薯田杂草的效果[J].杂草科学,2011,29(1):65-67
[7] 李斐.乙草胺及其混剂在马铃薯田应用研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014
[8] 李云河,李香菊,彭于发.转基因耐除草剂作物的全球开发与利用及在我国的发展前景和策略[J].植物保护,2011,37(6):32-37
[9] 邱龙,马崇烈,刘博林,章旺根.耐除草剂转基因作物研究现状及发展前景[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(12):2357-2363
[10] 强胜,宋小玲,戴伟民.抗除草剂转基因作物面临的机遇与挑战及其发展策略[J].生物技术学报,2010,18(1):114-125
[11] 周浩,杨益善,唐俐,肖国樱.草铵膦在转基因抗除草剂杂交稻直播栽培中的应用效果[J].作物研究,2013,27(5):427-430
[12] 益军.草铵膦进入“量增价稳”薄利时代[J].农药市场信息,2016(24):31-32
[13] 华乃震.非选择性除草剂的进展和应用[J].农药市场信息,2011(21):19-20
[14] 张宏军,倪汉文,周志强,江树人.抗草铵膦转基因作物及其生物安全性研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,7(5):54-60
[15] 温莉娴,周菲,邹玉兰.抗除草剂转基因水稻的研究进展[J].植物保护学报,2018,45(5):954-960
[16] 张正国.农杆菌介导BADH基因转化马铃薯的耐盐研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011:35
[17] Wagdy A S.Ultrasound-mediated stable transformation of potato tuber discs [J].Biotechnology Techniques,1996,10(11):821-824
[18] 贾小霞,齐恩芳,王一航,文国宏,龚成文,王红梅,李建武,马胜,胡新元.转录因子DREB1A基因和Bar基因双价植物表达载体的构建及对马铃薯遗传转化的研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):110-117
[19] Kransz R F,Kapusta Q,Matthews J L.Evaluation of glufosinate-resistance corn (Zea mays) and glufosinate:Efficacy on annual weeds[J].Weed Technology,1999,13(4):691-696
[20] Schmutzler K.Chances and risks of genetically engineered herbicide tolerance [J].Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection,1999,32(2):83-87
[21] Matthew W M,Williams S C,Mark J V.The effect of weed density and application timing on weed control and corn grain yield [J].Weed Technology,2005,19:102-107
[22] 夏腾霄,张胜,陈武兵,李反霞.不同灌水量对膜下滴灌马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(1):23-27
[23] 钟鹏,刘杰,王建丽,常博文.花生对低温胁迫的生理响应及抗寒性评价[J].核农学报,2018,32(6):1195-1202
[24] 唐鑫华,曲自成,张浩,魏峭嵘,张丽莉,石瑛.块茎形成期外施表油菜素内酯对马铃薯生理和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(9):1855-1863
[25] 李雪,田新会,杜文华.小黑麦品系成株期抗旱性研究[J].核农学报,2018,32(2):377-388
[26] 卫生部食品卫生监督检验所.GB 5009.3-2016食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[27] 赵铁果,孟广勤.NY/T 11-1985 谷物籽粒粗淀粉测定法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1985
[28] 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所,北京市疾病预防控制中心.GB/T 5009.7-2016食品中还原糖的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[29] 中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.GB/T 5009.86-2016蔬菜、水果及其制品中总抗坏血酸的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[30] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 5009.5-2016食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[31] 马国兰,刘都才,刘雪源,唐涛,彭亚军.不同除草剂对直播稻田杂草的防效及安全性评价[J].杂草科学,2014,32(1):91-96
[32] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,中华人民共和国农业农村部,国家市场监督管理总局.GB 23200.108-2018 食品安全国家标准植物源性食品中草铵膦残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱联用法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018
[33] 杨益善,唐俐,蔡卫青,邓晓湘,盛夏冰.不同草铵膦用量对耐除草剂水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2012,33(6):736-740
[34] 姜伟丽,马小艳,任向亮,彭军,马亚杰.除草剂草铵膦对转基因抗草铵膦棉花生长发育的影响[J].生物安全学报,2016,25(4):286-290
[35] 马胜,贾小霞,文国宏,李高峰,齐恩芳,刘石,李掌,李建武,张荣.草铵膦对转Bar基因马铃薯的药害及田间杂草的防治效果[J].中国马铃薯,2017,31(6):353-358
[36] Yordanova E,Georgieva K,Gorinova N,Yordanov Y.Influence of the herbicide chlortoluron on photosynthetic activity in transgenic tobacco plants[J].Photosynthetica,2001,39(2):313-316
[37] 孔治有,杨志雷,覃鹏.低温和异丙隆对大麦生理生化特性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(4):701-704
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