国债市场、锚定效应与人民币的国际化——基于美元货币国际循环的经验与启示
摘要
货币国际化的关键在于货币国际流动循环的构建。在布雷顿森林体系崩溃之后美元仍然能继续充当国际货币,其必要条件是美元国际循环始终保持有效运行。国际货币载体以商品、技术和金融资产等形式表现出多种循环模式,如当前美元的金融产品主导型。美元国际循环在金融化转型之后,载体已由商品和服务演变为金融产品,回流渠道已由实体部门转为虚拟经济部门,其是否能顺畅取决于货币国际循环中金融产品的供给和需求以及结构关系。国债市场在货币国际循环中起到锚定作用,形成锚定效应促进货币循环。一方面,国债直接作为载体而存在;另一方面,能通过形成国债收益率曲线而成为其他金融产品的"锚",所以国债市场是增加金融产品供给的关键。同时,国债市场对金融体系和宏观经济具有稳定性引导作用,促进国际市场对金融产品的需求。鉴于此,人民币国际化过程中需要重视国债市场对金融体系和宏观经济的锚定效应及其国际货币循环载体的创造功能,从规模、流动性、安全性和开放性等维度促进人民币国债市场发展。
引文
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