不同玉米品种对玉米主要病虫害的抗性及大喇叭口期喷药对大斑病的田间防效
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摘要
旨在明确玉米品种对玉米主要病虫害的抗性及药剂防治对玉米大斑病的田间防效。通过田间调查,分析27个玉米品种对玉米大斑病和玉米螟的抗性;通过玉米大喇叭口期整株喷雾,研究不同药剂处理对玉米大斑病的田间防治效果。结果表明,玉米灌浆中期,供试27个玉米品种的大斑病发病株率为58.33%～100%,平均91.42%;发病级别2.33～6.97,平均4.51。玉米蜡熟期所有供试玉米品种的大斑病发病株率均为100%,平均发病级别6.89;玉米螟危害的被害株率23.33%～71.67%,平均45.74%;百株虫量20.00～88.33,平均51.94。大喇叭口期整株喷雾,供试11个药剂处理对玉米大斑病的田间防治效果均较低,其中最低0%,最高10.57%,平均仅为5.37%。由此可见,不同玉米品种对大斑病和玉米螟的抗性差异很大,且供试27个品种不同时期对玉米大斑病的抗性强弱排序不同;大喇叭口期药剂整株喷雾防治玉米大斑病,供试11个药剂处理的田间防效均不理想,尚需进一步深入研究。
The objective of this study isto clarify the resistance of maize varieties to major plant diseases and pest insects,and the field control effect of fungicide on maize blight.It is of great practical significance toselect maize varieties with high yield,good quality and strong resistance to plant diseases and pest insects,finally,the rampant occurrence of these pests is controlled.The resistance of 27 maize varieties tomaize blight and Asian maize borer Ostrinia furnacalis were analyzed by field investigation,meanwhile,the control effect of different fungicide treatmentson maize blight in the big flare stage was also studied.The results showed that the incidence rates of 27 tested maize varieties was 58.33%-100% with the mean of 91.42% in the middle of maize filling stage.The disease degrees ranged from 2.33 to 6.97 with the average disease degrees of 4.51.In the dough stage,the incidence rates of all selected varieties were 100%with an average disease degree of 6.89.The rate of plants damaged by maize borer was 23.33%-71.67% with an average damage rate of 45.74%.The number of maize borers on every 100 maize plants was 20.00-88.33 with the average number of 51.94.When different fungicides were sprayed at the big flare stage,the control effects of all the 11 treatments on maize blight were very low,the lowest,highest and average efficiency were 0%,10.57% and 5.37%,respectively.The results showed that there were significant differences in the resistances to maize blight and maize borers of the 27 maize varieties.The order of resistance levels of 27 varieties to maize blight was divergent at different growth stages.The control effects of fungicides were unsatis factory when the whole plants were sprayed atthe big flare stage,but the reasons were still needed to study further.
The objective of this study isto clarify the resistance of maize varieties to major plant diseases and pest insects,and the field control effect of fungicide on maize blight.It is of great practical significance toselect maize varieties with high yield,good quality and strong resistance to plant diseases and pest insects,finally,the rampant occurrence of these pests is controlled.The resistance of 27 maize varieties tomaize blight and Asian maize borer Ostrinia furnacalis were analyzed by field investigation,meanwhile,the control effect of different fungicide treatmentson maize blight in the big flare stage was also studied.The results showed that the incidence rates of 27 tested maize varieties was 58.33%-100% with the mean of 91.42% in the middle of maize filling stage.The disease degrees ranged from 2.33 to 6.97 with the average disease degrees of 4.51.In the dough stage,the incidence rates of all selected varieties were 100%with an average disease degree of 6.89.The rate of plants damaged by maize borer was 23.33%-71.67% with an average damage rate of 45.74%.The number of maize borers on every 100 maize plants was 20.00-88.33 with the average number of 51.94.When different fungicides were sprayed at the big flare stage,the control effects of all the 11 treatments on maize blight were very low,the lowest,highest and average efficiency were 0%,10.57% and 5.37%,respectively.The results showed that there were significant differences in the resistances to maize blight and maize borers of the 27 maize varieties.The order of resistance levels of 27 varieties to maize blight was divergent at different growth stages.The control effects of fungicides were unsatis factory when the whole plants were sprayed atthe big flare stage,but the reasons were still needed to study further.
引文
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[9] 侯月敏,宋显东,王振,等.哈尔滨市郊区亚洲玉米螟发生规律与卵块空间分布研究[J].植物保护,2018,44(4):151-157.HOU Y M,SONG X D,WANG ZH,et al.Occurrence rules of Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée) and the spatial distribution of egg masses in the suburbs of Harbin[J].Plant Protection,2018,44(4):151-157.
[10] 罗妹,陈俊贤,郑丽霞,等.温度对亚洲玉米螟生长发育、繁殖和求偶行为的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2018,40(3):579-586.LUO M,CHEN J X,ZHENG L X,et al.Effects of temperatures on the development,reproduction and calling behavior of Ostrinia furnacalis ( Guenée)[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2018,40(3):579-586.
[11] 陈立玲,张庆贺,薛争,等.吉林省玉米螟生物防治现状与展望[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(4):561-567 CHEN L L,ZHANG Q H,XUE ZH,et al.Current situation and prospect of biological control of corn borer in Jilin province[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2015,31(4):561-567.
[12] 赵士文,陈秀琳,陈丽慧,等.陕西省关中夏玉米后期钻蛀性害虫的发生及不同玉米品种的抗虫性调查[J].植物保护,2017,43(5):164-168.ZHAO SH W,CHEN X L,CHEN L H,et al.Occurrence of corn borers in late stage of summer-corn and the corn varieties resistant to the borers in Guanzhong of Shaanxi province[J].Plant Protection,2017,43(5):164-168.
[13] 黄凯,缪勇,邵正飞.不同玉米品种的抗螟性测定[J].农学学报,2014,4(12):33-37.HUANG K,MIAO Y,SHAO ZH F,et al.Determination of resistance of different corn varieties to corn borer[J].Journal of Agriculture,2014,4(12):33-37.
[14] 于舒怡,傅俊范,周如军,等.不同栽培模式对玉米大斑病发生和流行的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(1):132-135.YU SH Y,FU J F,ZHOU R J,et al.Effects of different cultivation patterns on the occurrence and epidemic of leaf blight on maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(1):132-135.
[15] 王慧,王翊,姜丽静,等.黑龙江省主栽玉米品种对大斑病抗性评价[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(4):8-10.WANG H,WANG Y,JIANG L J,et al.Evaluation of resistance to main spot disease of main maize varieties in Heilongjiang Province[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014(4):8-10.
[16] 张颖,王海亭,罗梅浩,等.不同玉米品种的抗螟性研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(5):543-547.ZHANG Y,WANG H T,LUO M H,et al.Studied on resistance of different maize varieties to corn and peach borners[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2009,43(5):543-547.
[17] 刘铁军.不同玉米品种抗螟性比较的初步试验[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(22):82,97.LIU T J.Preliminary experiment on comparison of blast resistance of different maize varieties[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,13(22):82,97.
[18] 赵要辉,张艳霞,杨晓峰,等.30%丙硫菌唑可分散油悬浮剂对小麦赤霉病的防效田间试验[J].河南农业,2019(7):34-35.ZHAO Y H,ZHANG Y X,YANG X F,et al.Field trial of 30% prothioconazole dispersible oil suspension agent against wheat scab[J].Henan Agriculture,2019(7):34-35.
[2] 郭庆海.中国玉米产消现状及其发展战略设计[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(4):627-631,639.GUO Q H.Currents situation of production and consumption of corn and design of corn’s development strategy in China [J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2008,30(4):627-631,639.
[3] 王玉萍.我国玉米大斑病病原菌变异研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.WANG Y P.Race variation of Exserohilum turcicum,causal agent of northern leaf blight in China [D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2007.
[4] 杨子强.宁夏玉米主要病虫害发生规律及防治技术研究与推广[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2004.YANG Z Q.The main plant diseases and insect pests of Ningxia corn happen the regular pattern reaching to provide prevention and cure the technical research against to spread [D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2004.
[5] 高金欣,吕淑霞,高增贵,等.东北地区2009年玉米大斑病菌生理小种鉴定与动态分析[J].玉米科学,2011,19(3):138-140,144.GAO J X,Lü SH X,GAO Z G,et al.Identification and dynamic analysis on physiological race of Exserohilum turcicum in Northeastern China in 2009[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(3):138-140,144.
[6] 赵桂东,刘荆,朱海波,等.夏玉米大、小斑病发生规律及防治技术[J].玉米科学,1996(1):74-75.ZHAO G D,LIU J,ZHU H B,et al.Occurrence and control techniques of summer maize large and small spot disease[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,1996(1):74-75.
[7] 孙德全,李绥艳,林红,等.黑龙江省玉米主要病害发生原因分析及抗病育种对策[J].作物杂志,2009(2):90-93.SUN D Q,LI S Y,LIN H,et al.Causes of main diseases of maize in Heilongjiang province and countermeasures for disease resistance breeding[J].Crop Magazine,2009(2):90-93.
[8] 苏前富,贾娇,李红,等.玉米大斑病暴发流行对玉米产量和性状表征的影响[J].玉米科学,2013,21(6):145-147.SU Q F,JIA J,LI H,et al.Effect of heavy damage caused by Exserohium turicum to corn yield and characteristics[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2013,21(6):145-147.
[9] 侯月敏,宋显东,王振,等.哈尔滨市郊区亚洲玉米螟发生规律与卵块空间分布研究[J].植物保护,2018,44(4):151-157.HOU Y M,SONG X D,WANG ZH,et al.Occurrence rules of Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée) and the spatial distribution of egg masses in the suburbs of Harbin[J].Plant Protection,2018,44(4):151-157.
[10] 罗妹,陈俊贤,郑丽霞,等.温度对亚洲玉米螟生长发育、繁殖和求偶行为的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2018,40(3):579-586.LUO M,CHEN J X,ZHENG L X,et al.Effects of temperatures on the development,reproduction and calling behavior of Ostrinia furnacalis ( Guenée)[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2018,40(3):579-586.
[11] 陈立玲,张庆贺,薛争,等.吉林省玉米螟生物防治现状与展望[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(4):561-567 CHEN L L,ZHANG Q H,XUE ZH,et al.Current situation and prospect of biological control of corn borer in Jilin province[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2015,31(4):561-567.
[12] 赵士文,陈秀琳,陈丽慧,等.陕西省关中夏玉米后期钻蛀性害虫的发生及不同玉米品种的抗虫性调查[J].植物保护,2017,43(5):164-168.ZHAO SH W,CHEN X L,CHEN L H,et al.Occurrence of corn borers in late stage of summer-corn and the corn varieties resistant to the borers in Guanzhong of Shaanxi province[J].Plant Protection,2017,43(5):164-168.
[13] 黄凯,缪勇,邵正飞.不同玉米品种的抗螟性测定[J].农学学报,2014,4(12):33-37.HUANG K,MIAO Y,SHAO ZH F,et al.Determination of resistance of different corn varieties to corn borer[J].Journal of Agriculture,2014,4(12):33-37.
[14] 于舒怡,傅俊范,周如军,等.不同栽培模式对玉米大斑病发生和流行的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(1):132-135.YU SH Y,FU J F,ZHOU R J,et al.Effects of different cultivation patterns on the occurrence and epidemic of leaf blight on maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(1):132-135.
[15] 王慧,王翊,姜丽静,等.黑龙江省主栽玉米品种对大斑病抗性评价[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(4):8-10.WANG H,WANG Y,JIANG L J,et al.Evaluation of resistance to main spot disease of main maize varieties in Heilongjiang Province[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014(4):8-10.
[16] 张颖,王海亭,罗梅浩,等.不同玉米品种的抗螟性研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(5):543-547.ZHANG Y,WANG H T,LUO M H,et al.Studied on resistance of different maize varieties to corn and peach borners[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2009,43(5):543-547.
[17] 刘铁军.不同玉米品种抗螟性比较的初步试验[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(22):82,97.LIU T J.Preliminary experiment on comparison of blast resistance of different maize varieties[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,13(22):82,97.
[18] 赵要辉,张艳霞,杨晓峰,等.30%丙硫菌唑可分散油悬浮剂对小麦赤霉病的防效田间试验[J].河南农业,2019(7):34-35.ZHAO Y H,ZHANG Y X,YANG X F,et al.Field trial of 30% prothioconazole dispersible oil suspension agent against wheat scab[J].Henan Agriculture,2019(7):34-35.
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