黄淮海平原南部玉米机械粒收现状及技术应用前景的生态分析——以河南省为例
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摘要
2015～2017年在黄淮海南部的河南省武陟、南阳、滑县等12个县市开展19个点/次的玉米机械粒收研究工作,分析玉米机械子粒收获技术在黄淮海南部的应用现状和前景。235组有效样本的子粒含水率平均为26.68%,且品种间整体差异较大;子粒破碎率均值为8.89%,大于5%的国家标准《玉米收获机械技术条件(GBT-21962—2008)》要求。分析显示,玉米子粒含水率与破碎率、杂质率总体呈极显著的相关性,降低收获期子粒含水量是提高该区域玉米机械子粒收获质量的主要问题。目前的生产模式下,研究区域的夏玉米生长季节可利用热量条件基本能够满足玉米机械子粒收获技术的需求,是推广应用该项技术的适宜区域。
Based on the application status of maize mechanical kernel technology in Henan province, we revealed the prospects of this technology and the ecological characteristics of the southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China. From 2015 to 2017, 19 groups of maize mechanical kernel harvest experiments were carried out in 12 citiesof Henan and 235 effective samples were obtained. We found that the grain moisture content was different signifi-cantly among maize varieties, with the averaged value of 26.68% under the experimental conditions;the average val-ue of grain broken rate was 8.89%, which was higher than the national standard of 5%(GBT-21961-2008). More-over, data analysis showed that the grain moisture content was significantly correlated with kernel broken rate andimpurity rate. Higher grain moisture content at harvest was the main problem for maize mechanical kernel harvest inHenan province. Through analyzing the historical meteorological data of this area during the growing period of sum-mer maize, we found that the available temperature conditions could basically meet the needs of this technology, in-dicating that the southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was a suitable area for popularizing the technology of maize me-chanical kernel harvest.
Based on the application status of maize mechanical kernel technology in Henan province, we revealed the prospects of this technology and the ecological characteristics of the southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China. From 2015 to 2017, 19 groups of maize mechanical kernel harvest experiments were carried out in 12 citiesof Henan and 235 effective samples were obtained. We found that the grain moisture content was different signifi-cantly among maize varieties, with the averaged value of 26.68% under the experimental conditions;the average val-ue of grain broken rate was 8.89%, which was higher than the national standard of 5%(GBT-21961-2008). More-over, data analysis showed that the grain moisture content was significantly correlated with kernel broken rate andimpurity rate. Higher grain moisture content at harvest was the main problem for maize mechanical kernel harvest inHenan province. Through analyzing the historical meteorological data of this area during the growing period of sum-mer maize, we found that the available temperature conditions could basically meet the needs of this technology, in-dicating that the southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was a suitable area for popularizing the technology of maize me-chanical kernel harvest.
引文
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[22]杨扬,杨建宇,李绍明,等.玉米生育期空间插值方法比较[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):163-167.Yang Y,Yang J Y Li S M,et al.Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for maize growth period[J].Trans CSAE,2009,25(9):163-167.(in Chinese)
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[24]柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧,等.玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2036-2043.Chai Z W,Wang K R,Guo Y Q,et al.Current status of maize mechanical grain harvesting and its relationship with grain moisture content[J].Sci.Agric.Sin.,2017,50(11):2036-2043.(in Chinese)
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