玉米线虫矮化病病原对玉米叶片超微结构的影响
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摘要
利用透射电镜技术对健康和感病玉米叶片细胞超微结构进行观察,明确玉米线虫矮化病病原侵染后玉米叶片病理反应的细胞学特征。结果表明,与健康植株相比,玉米线虫矮化病病原与玉米植株之间的互作均可导致寄主发生明显的细胞病理学变化。在受侵染的玉米叶肉细胞中叶绿体膨胀变形,数量相对减少,双膜结构破损;基粒片层结构膨胀、排列无序、甚至解体;线粒体数量增多、肿胀变形、内嵴模糊不清,严重者内嵴消失并空泡化;细胞核形态变为不规则,核膜破裂;染色质分布不均匀,呈降解状态。
Histology and the ultrastructure of maize leaves infected by pathogens causing maize nematode stunt disease were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopes. The results showed that marked cytopathological alterations were observed in infected leaves while compared with healthy plants. In diseased leaves, chloroplasts were deformed, the number of cholroplasts were reduced, and the double membrane structure were broken. The thylakoid lamellar structure were disordered or disintegrated. The number of mitochondria were increased, and the abnormal mitochondria were expanded with indistinct cristae. In seriously abnormal mitochondria, cristae disappeared and vacuolation of mitochondria with a few remains was found. The abnormal cell nucleuses were found and envelope of nucleus was split. The chromatin distributed asymmetrically and degraded.
Histology and the ultrastructure of maize leaves infected by pathogens causing maize nematode stunt disease were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopes. The results showed that marked cytopathological alterations were observed in infected leaves while compared with healthy plants. In diseased leaves, chloroplasts were deformed, the number of cholroplasts were reduced, and the double membrane structure were broken. The thylakoid lamellar structure were disordered or disintegrated. The number of mitochondria were increased, and the abnormal mitochondria were expanded with indistinct cristae. In seriously abnormal mitochondria, cristae disappeared and vacuolation of mitochondria with a few remains was found. The abnormal cell nucleuses were found and envelope of nucleus was split. The chromatin distributed asymmetrically and degraded.
引文
[1]郭宁,石洁,王振营,等.玉米线虫矮化病病原鉴定[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(6):884-891.Guo N,Shi J,Wang Z Y,et al.Identification of the pathogen causing maize nematode stunt disease[J].Journal of Plant Protectio,2015,42(6):884-891.(in Chinese)
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[3]孟庆平,姚玉臣,李振明,等.玉米丛生苗发生规律的研究初探[J].玉米科学,2007,15(增刊):133-134.Meng Q P,Yao Y C,Li Z M,et al.Research on regularity of outbreak of thick growing plantlets in corn[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2007,15(S):133-134.(in Chinese)
[4]孟庆平.玉米旋心虫为害与丛生苗病发生规律的研究[J].现代农业,2009(12):21-22,23.Meng Q P.Research on the damage of Apophylia flavovirens fairmaire and regularity of outbreak of thick growing plantlets[J].Modern Agriculture,2009(12):21-22,23.(in Chinese)
[5]苏前富,李红,张伟,等.种衣剂中不同浓度杀虫剂成分对玉米苗期生长的安全性评价[J].植物保护,2011,37(1):161-163.Su Q F,Li H,Zhang W,et al.Evaluation of the safety of pesticide concentration in seed coating agents to the growth of corn seedlings[J].Plant Protection,2011,37(1):161-163.(in Chinese)
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[7]吕国忠,薛玉梅.玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌毒素的生物活性测定及对玉米叶片超微结构的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(3):212-214.LüG Z,Xue Y M.Bioassay of the toxin from Curvularia lunata and its effect on ultrastructure of maize leaves[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,1999,30(3):212-214.(in Chinese)
[8]李照会,郭兴启,叶保华,等.感染玉米粗缩病毒后玉米植株的超微结构病变研究[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(3):264-266.Li Z H,Guo X Q,Ye B H,et al.Ultrastructural alteration of maize plants infected with maize rough dwarf virus[J].Scienta Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(3):264-266.(in Chinese)
[9]郭兴启,竺晓平,张杰道,等.感染玉米矮花叶病毒后玉米叶片细胞超微结构的变化[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(1):72-75.Guo X Q,Zhu X P,Zhang J D,et al.Changes of cell ultrastructure of maize leaves infected by maize dwarf mosaic virus[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(1):72-75.(in Chinese)
[10]高洪敏,宁家林,于兵,等.玉米茎腐病菌致病因子对玉米超微结构的影响[J].玉米科学,2006,14(2):147-149.Gao H M,Ning J L,Yu B,et al.The influence of the pathogenic factors of corn stalk rot pathogens to the ultrastructure of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(2):147-149.(in Chinese)
[11]江凯,段灿星,武小菲,等.多堆柄锈菌侵染玉米的细胞学及超微结构特征[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(6):77-883.Jiang K,Duan C X,Wu X F,et al.Histology and ultrastructure of maize lines infected by Puccinia polysora[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2015,42(6):877-883.(in Chinese)
[12]魏和平,利容千,王建波.淹水对玉米叶片细胞超微结构的影响[J].植物学报,2000,42(8):811-817.Wei H P,Li R Q,Wang J B.Ultrastructural changes in leaf cells of submerged maize[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2000,42(8):811-817.(in Chinese)
[13]于海秋,徐克章,武志海,等.土壤干旱对玉米叶片膜透性及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(3):17-23.Yu H Q,Xu K Z,Wu Z H,et al.Effects of soil drought on membrane permeability and chloroplast ultrastructure in maize leaves[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2002,24(3):17-23.(in Chinese)
[14]Niels C N,Robetm S,Hennigsen K W,et al.Composition and function of thylakoid membranes from grana-rich grana-deficient chloroplast mutants of barley[J].Plant Physiology,1979,63:174-182.
[15]Chaves M M.Effects of water deficits on carbon assimilation[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1991,42(234):1-16.
[16]陈明辉,谢晓娜,王盛,等.宿根矮化病菌对甘蔗品质及茎、叶超微结构的影响[J].植物病理学报,2014,44(4):379-386.Chen M H,Xie X N,Wang S,et al.Effects of Leifsonia xyli subsp.xyli(Lxx)on quality and ultrastructure of stalks and leaves in sugarcane[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,2014,44(4):379-386.(in Chinese)
[17]Aldrich H C,Gracen V E,York D,et al.Ultrastructural effects of Helminthosporium maydis race Ttoxin on mitochondria of corn roots and protoplasts[J].Tissue Cell,1997,9(1):167-177.
[18]Luke H H,Arean H E,Hanchey P.Effect of the pathotoxin victorin on ultrastructure of root and leaf tissues of avean species[J].Phytopathology,1966,56:1178-1183.
[19]符美英,陈绵才,肖彤斌,等.根结线虫与寄主植物互作机理的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2008,28(3):73-77.Fu M Y,Cheng M C,Xiao T B,et al.Advances in studies on interaction mechanism between root-knot nematodes and host plants[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2008,28(3):73-77.(in Chinese)
[20]Vanholmea B,De Meutter J,Tytgat T,et al.Secretions of plant-parasitic nematodes:A molecular update[J].Gene,2004,332:13-27.
[21]金刚.黑松与松材线虫互作过程中细胞程序性死亡的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2007.
[2]余传金,孙佳楠,傅科鹤,等.玉米矮化病株及其根际土壤内线虫的分离与分子鉴定[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(6):892-898.Yu C J,Sun J N,Fu K H,et al.Isolation and molecular identification of nematodes of main nematodes in rhizosphere soils and seedlings associated with corn dwarf[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2015,42(6):892-898.(in Chinese)
[3]孟庆平,姚玉臣,李振明,等.玉米丛生苗发生规律的研究初探[J].玉米科学,2007,15(增刊):133-134.Meng Q P,Yao Y C,Li Z M,et al.Research on regularity of outbreak of thick growing plantlets in corn[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2007,15(S):133-134.(in Chinese)
[4]孟庆平.玉米旋心虫为害与丛生苗病发生规律的研究[J].现代农业,2009(12):21-22,23.Meng Q P.Research on the damage of Apophylia flavovirens fairmaire and regularity of outbreak of thick growing plantlets[J].Modern Agriculture,2009(12):21-22,23.(in Chinese)
[5]苏前富,李红,张伟,等.种衣剂中不同浓度杀虫剂成分对玉米苗期生长的安全性评价[J].植物保护,2011,37(1):161-163.Su Q F,Li H,Zhang W,et al.Evaluation of the safety of pesticide concentration in seed coating agents to the growth of corn seedlings[J].Plant Protection,2011,37(1):161-163.(in Chinese)
[6]苏前富,王巍巍,贾娇,等.东北地区玉米种衣剂活性成分选择及其应用发展趋势[J].吉林农业科学,2015,40(3):62-64.Su Q F,Wang W W,Jia J,et al.Application tendency and selection of active ingredient of maize seed coating agents in northeast of China[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2015,40(3):62-64.(in Chinese)
[7]吕国忠,薛玉梅.玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌毒素的生物活性测定及对玉米叶片超微结构的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(3):212-214.LüG Z,Xue Y M.Bioassay of the toxin from Curvularia lunata and its effect on ultrastructure of maize leaves[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,1999,30(3):212-214.(in Chinese)
[8]李照会,郭兴启,叶保华,等.感染玉米粗缩病毒后玉米植株的超微结构病变研究[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(3):264-266.Li Z H,Guo X Q,Ye B H,et al.Ultrastructural alteration of maize plants infected with maize rough dwarf virus[J].Scienta Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(3):264-266.(in Chinese)
[9]郭兴启,竺晓平,张杰道,等.感染玉米矮花叶病毒后玉米叶片细胞超微结构的变化[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(1):72-75.Guo X Q,Zhu X P,Zhang J D,et al.Changes of cell ultrastructure of maize leaves infected by maize dwarf mosaic virus[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(1):72-75.(in Chinese)
[10]高洪敏,宁家林,于兵,等.玉米茎腐病菌致病因子对玉米超微结构的影响[J].玉米科学,2006,14(2):147-149.Gao H M,Ning J L,Yu B,et al.The influence of the pathogenic factors of corn stalk rot pathogens to the ultrastructure of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(2):147-149.(in Chinese)
[11]江凯,段灿星,武小菲,等.多堆柄锈菌侵染玉米的细胞学及超微结构特征[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(6):77-883.Jiang K,Duan C X,Wu X F,et al.Histology and ultrastructure of maize lines infected by Puccinia polysora[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2015,42(6):877-883.(in Chinese)
[12]魏和平,利容千,王建波.淹水对玉米叶片细胞超微结构的影响[J].植物学报,2000,42(8):811-817.Wei H P,Li R Q,Wang J B.Ultrastructural changes in leaf cells of submerged maize[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2000,42(8):811-817.(in Chinese)
[13]于海秋,徐克章,武志海,等.土壤干旱对玉米叶片膜透性及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(3):17-23.Yu H Q,Xu K Z,Wu Z H,et al.Effects of soil drought on membrane permeability and chloroplast ultrastructure in maize leaves[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2002,24(3):17-23.(in Chinese)
[14]Niels C N,Robetm S,Hennigsen K W,et al.Composition and function of thylakoid membranes from grana-rich grana-deficient chloroplast mutants of barley[J].Plant Physiology,1979,63:174-182.
[15]Chaves M M.Effects of water deficits on carbon assimilation[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1991,42(234):1-16.
[16]陈明辉,谢晓娜,王盛,等.宿根矮化病菌对甘蔗品质及茎、叶超微结构的影响[J].植物病理学报,2014,44(4):379-386.Chen M H,Xie X N,Wang S,et al.Effects of Leifsonia xyli subsp.xyli(Lxx)on quality and ultrastructure of stalks and leaves in sugarcane[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,2014,44(4):379-386.(in Chinese)
[17]Aldrich H C,Gracen V E,York D,et al.Ultrastructural effects of Helminthosporium maydis race Ttoxin on mitochondria of corn roots and protoplasts[J].Tissue Cell,1997,9(1):167-177.
[18]Luke H H,Arean H E,Hanchey P.Effect of the pathotoxin victorin on ultrastructure of root and leaf tissues of avean species[J].Phytopathology,1966,56:1178-1183.
[19]符美英,陈绵才,肖彤斌,等.根结线虫与寄主植物互作机理的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2008,28(3):73-77.Fu M Y,Cheng M C,Xiao T B,et al.Advances in studies on interaction mechanism between root-knot nematodes and host plants[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2008,28(3):73-77.(in Chinese)
[20]Vanholmea B,De Meutter J,Tytgat T,et al.Secretions of plant-parasitic nematodes:A molecular update[J].Gene,2004,332:13-27.
[21]金刚.黑松与松材线虫互作过程中细胞程序性死亡的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2007.