宁夏草原物种丰富度分布格局及其水热解释
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摘要
草原物种丰富度地理格局及其成因是草地生态学的中心议题之一。宁夏温性草原类型多样,是研究温性草原物种丰富度对水热响应的理想场所。文中利用宁夏草原479个样地丰富度数据和对应的气候、地形数据,分析了宁夏草原物种丰富度分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明:宁夏草原物种丰富度与经度、海拔呈正相关;与纬度呈负相关。并采用多元回归的方法建立了物种丰富度与经度、纬度以及海拔之间回归方程,即:S=2. 044LON-2. 491LAT+0. 004ALT-121. 411(R2=0. 643,P <0. 0001)。冗余分析(RDA)方差分解显示:水分、能量及地形对物种丰富度分布格局共同解释率为44. 83%,单独解释率分别为5. 63%,1. 14%和0.31%,未解释的部分为55. 17%。水分和能量是宁夏物种丰富度分布格局主要影响因素。从未解释的比例来看,研究中未考虑的土壤因素很可能对宁夏草原物种丰富度存在重要影响。
Understanding spatial pattern of grassland species richness( S) and its causes are central issues to grassland ecology. Ningxia grasslands are ideal sites for studying plant species richness changes in response to moisture and energy factors. We investigated the effects of climatic and topographical factors in plant species richness in 479 plots in Ningxia grassland. The results showed that species richness was positively correlated with longitude( LON) and altitude( ALT),but negatively correlated with latitude( LAT). The regression equation obtained was S = 2. 044 LON + 0. 004ALT-2. 491LAT-121. 411( R2= 0. 643,P < 0. 0001). Redundancy Analysis( RDA) indicated that only 1. 14%,5. 63% and 0. 31% of the total variance of plant species richness were explained by energy,moisture and topography factors,respectively. When pooled,the three factors explained 44. 83% of the variance in the response of plant species richness and 55. 17% were explained by other undetermined factors. Moisture and energy are the main factors affecting the distribution pattern of species richness in Ningxia grassland. This study highlights the importance of moisture and energy in plant species richness pattern. These two variables should be added in grassland management measures.
Understanding spatial pattern of grassland species richness( S) and its causes are central issues to grassland ecology. Ningxia grasslands are ideal sites for studying plant species richness changes in response to moisture and energy factors. We investigated the effects of climatic and topographical factors in plant species richness in 479 plots in Ningxia grassland. The results showed that species richness was positively correlated with longitude( LON) and altitude( ALT),but negatively correlated with latitude( LAT). The regression equation obtained was S = 2. 044 LON + 0. 004ALT-2. 491LAT-121. 411( R2= 0. 643,P < 0. 0001). Redundancy Analysis( RDA) indicated that only 1. 14%,5. 63% and 0. 31% of the total variance of plant species richness were explained by energy,moisture and topography factors,respectively. When pooled,the three factors explained 44. 83% of the variance in the response of plant species richness and 55. 17% were explained by other undetermined factors. Moisture and energy are the main factors affecting the distribution pattern of species richness in Ningxia grassland. This study highlights the importance of moisture and energy in plant species richness pattern. These two variables should be added in grassland management measures.
引文
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[27]李新荣,谭会娟,何明珠,等.阿拉善高原灌木种的丰富度和多度格局对环境因子变化的响应:极端干旱荒漠地区灌木多样性保育的前提[J].中国科学,2009,39(4):504-515.
[28]王吉智.宁夏土壤[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,1990.
[2]Gaston K J. Global patterns in biodiversity[J]. Nature,2000,405(6783):220-227.
[3]Field R,O'Brien E M,Whittaker R J. Global models for predicting woody plant richness from climate:Development and evaluation[J]. Ecology,2005,86(9):2263-2277.
[4]Brown J H,Gillooly J F,Allen A P,et al. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology[J]. Ecology,2004,85(7):1771-1789.
[5]Gaston K J. Global patterns in biodiversity[J]. Nature,2000,405(6783):220-227.
[6]Wright D H. Species-energy theory:An extension of species-area theory[J]. Oikos,1983,41(3):496-506.
[7]O'Brien E M,Field R,Whittaker R J. Climatic gradients in woody plant(tree and shrub)diversity:water-energy dynamics,residual variation,and topography[J]. Oikos,2000,89:588-600.
[8]Turner J R G. Explaining the global biodiversity gradient:energy,area,history and natural selection[J]. Basic&Applied Ecology,2004,5(5):435-448.
[9]O'Brien E M. Climatic gradients in woody plant species richness:Towards an explanation based on an analysis of southern Africans woody Flora[J]. Journal of Biogeography,1993,20(2):181-198.
[10]池秀莲,唐志尧.面积、温度及分布区限制对物种丰富度海拔格局的影响:以秦岭太白山为例[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(4):362-370.
[11]刘何铭,杨庆松,方晓峰,等.亚热带常绿阔叶林林窗物种丰富度的影响因素[J].生物多样性,2015,23(2):149-156.
[12]陈昌笃,张立运.中国的极旱荒漠[J].干旱区资源与环境,1987(Z1):8-9.
[13]吴正.中国沙漠及其治理[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[14]夏延国,宁宇,李景文,等.中国黑戈壁地区植物区系及其物种多样性研究[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(9):1906-1915.
[15]王健铭,董芳宇,巴海·那斯拉,等.中国黑戈壁植物多样性分布格局及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3488-3498.
[16]刘庆福,刘洋,孙小丽,等.气候假说对内蒙古草原群落物种多样性格局的解释[J].生物多样性,2015,23(4):463-470.
[17]王健铭,钟悦鸣,张天汉,等.中国黑戈壁地区植物物种丰富度格局的水热解释[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(4):530-538.
[18]杨君珑,李小伟.宁夏不同草地类型土壤有机碳组分特征[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(1):55-61.
[19]徐文铎.东北地带性植被建群种及常见种的分布与水热条件关系的初步研究[J].植物生态学报(英文版),1983(3):68-78.
[20]张新时.植被的PE(可能蒸散)指标与植被-气候分类(二):几种主要方法[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1989,13(3):197-207.
[21]Pierre Legendre,喻梅,何芳良,等.β-多样性的研究:应用多元回归和典范分析研究生态方差的分解[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(5):976-981.
[22]刘怿宁,乔秀娟,唐志尧.寻求生物多样性分布格局的形成机制[J].自然杂志,2010,32(5):260-266.
[23]代爽,王襄平,刘超,等.内蒙古灌木群落物种丰富度与气候的关系[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(4):689-698.
[24]Hawkins B A,Field R,Cornell H V,et al. Energy,water,and broad-scale geographic patterns of species richness[J]. Ecology,2003,84(12):3105-3117.
[25]Wang X,Fang J,Sanders N J,et al. Relative importance of climate vs local factors in shaping the regional patterns of forest plant richness across northeast China[J]. Ecography,2009,32(1):133-142.
[26]任学敏,杨改河,朱雅,等.环境因子对太白山高山植被物种组成和丰富度的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6993-7003.
[27]李新荣,谭会娟,何明珠,等.阿拉善高原灌木种的丰富度和多度格局对环境因子变化的响应:极端干旱荒漠地区灌木多样性保育的前提[J].中国科学,2009,39(4):504-515.
[28]王吉智.宁夏土壤[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,1990.