两种有机肥对百慕大草在盐碱地入驻能力与地力恢复的影响
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摘要
为研究有机肥协助下百慕大草在盐碱土壤环境下的成坪潜力和土壤肥力恢复情况,本研究以上海老港园林绿化工程内的中度盐碱土壤为试验对象,通过设立随机小区试验,采用水稻秸秆及其生物炭两种等碳有机施肥措施,动态监测其对先锋景观草种百慕大草成坪过程中生长与生理数据的贡献及耕层土壤肥力恢复能力。结果表明:生长指标上,二种等碳施肥方式均能够显著协助百慕大草坪抵抗盐胁迫并提高成坪质量,在实验周期生长旺盛月份同CK处理比较,能够显著提高草坪密度、质地、均一性、盖度、显著降低烧伤率;生理指标上,5月份~10月份,同CK处理比较,显著提高地上部植株植物总蛋白及谷胱甘肽浓度、显著提高总抗氧化能力;两种有机肥处理在8个月粗放式管护后,能过协同百慕大草显著降低耕层土壤盐分含量、土壤容重,显著提高土壤含水率、土壤全氮、速效磷及速效钾含量。该研究结果旨在为滨海中度盐碱撂荒土壤进行造林工程前提供一种快速景观恢复及土壤肥力调控的可行性方法。
To reveal the forming sod potential and soil fertility restoration potential of Bermuda grass in saline-alkali soil with the assistance of organic fertilizer, the moderate saline-alkali soil in landscaping project of Shanghai Laogang Garden were used as the subject in this study. Through randomized block design, carbon fertilization methods of rice straw and its biochar were established and dynamically monitored to study their contributions in forming and physiological data of the turf with Bermuda grass which was the pioneer lawn seed, as well as the ability in restoring soil fertility. The results showed that on growth function, two kinds of carbon fertilization methods both could significantly help the Bermuda lawn withstand the salt stress and improved the turf quality. Compared with CK in the same vigorous period, the methods could significantly increase the turf density, texture, uniformity, degree of coverage, and obviously reduce burn rate during the experimental period. As for physiological function, from May to October, carbon fertilization methods also significantly raised plant total protein and glutathione concentration, and increased the total antioxidant capacity when compared with CK. At the same time, after extensive management for 8 months two organic fertilization treatments could decrease topsoil salt content and bulk density, and increase and water content and content of total nitrogen, available P and available K in the soil with the help of the Bermuda grass.This study aimed at providing a fast landscape and soil fertility restoration method before afforestation construction in coastal moderate saline-alkali.
To reveal the forming sod potential and soil fertility restoration potential of Bermuda grass in saline-alkali soil with the assistance of organic fertilizer, the moderate saline-alkali soil in landscaping project of Shanghai Laogang Garden were used as the subject in this study. Through randomized block design, carbon fertilization methods of rice straw and its biochar were established and dynamically monitored to study their contributions in forming and physiological data of the turf with Bermuda grass which was the pioneer lawn seed, as well as the ability in restoring soil fertility. The results showed that on growth function, two kinds of carbon fertilization methods both could significantly help the Bermuda lawn withstand the salt stress and improved the turf quality. Compared with CK in the same vigorous period, the methods could significantly increase the turf density, texture, uniformity, degree of coverage, and obviously reduce burn rate during the experimental period. As for physiological function, from May to October, carbon fertilization methods also significantly raised plant total protein and glutathione concentration, and increased the total antioxidant capacity when compared with CK. At the same time, after extensive management for 8 months two organic fertilization treatments could decrease topsoil salt content and bulk density, and increase and water content and content of total nitrogen, available P and available K in the soil with the help of the Bermuda grass.This study aimed at providing a fast landscape and soil fertility restoration method before afforestation construction in coastal moderate saline-alkali.
引文
Cao Y.,Lin D.,and Zh ou P.S.,2012,Research on planting arrangements of the isolation belts in Pudong saline and alkaline land affected by multi-factors,Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University),30(4):21-24(曹阳,林冬,周丕生,2012,多因素影响下的浦东东滩盐碱滩涂植物隔离带配置,上海交通大学学报,30(4):21-24)
Chen J.B.,Niu J.W.,Tian H.Y.,Zong J.Q.,Gao Y.Z.,and Liu J.X.,2014,Effect of Na Cl stress on growth and Na+and K+accumulation of cultivars‘Suzhi No.2’and‘Tifgreen’of hybrid bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon×C.transvaalensis),Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),23(3):45-51(陈静波,牛佳伟,田海燕,宗俊勤,高艳芝,刘建秀,2014,Na Cl胁迫对杂交狗牙根品种‘苏植2号’和‘Tifgreen’生长及Na+和K+积累的影响,植物资源与环境学报,23(3):45-51)
Chen J.B.,and Liu J.X.,2012,Salinity tolerance evaluation and mechanisms in bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.),Caoye Xuebao(Acta Prataculturae Sinica),21(5):302-310(陈静波,刘建秀,2012,狗牙根抗盐性评价及抗盐机理研究进展,草业学报,21(5):302-310)
Ding Z.,2014,Distribution characteristics of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)of typical greenbelt soils in shanghai and research of phytoremediation,Thesis for M.S.,Nanjing A-gricultural University,Supervisor:Fang H.L.,and Zhan X.H.,pp.22-49(丁正,2014,上海市典型绿地土壤TPH分布特征及植物修复研究,硕士学位论文,南京农业大学,导师:方海兰,占新华,pp.22-49)
Li C.J.,Lv G.H.,Gong L.,Zhang H.F.,and Liu X.X.,2013,Spatial point pattern and response of clonal plant communities to high drought and salt stress in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve,Ganhanqu Yanjiu(Arid Zone Research),30(1):122-128(李尝君,吕光辉,贡璐,张海峰,刘晓星,2013,艾比湖湿地自然保护区克隆植物群落空间格局及其对水盐胁迫的响应,干旱区研究,30(1):122-128)
Li C.X.,Wu Z.A.,and He Y.L.,2015,Analyzed comparisons of micro-environmetal factors optimal for growth of bermudagrass and the mosses in Minhang district of Shanghai,Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University),33(4):43-52(李春霞,吴子安,何亚丽,2015,上海闵行地区狗牙根草坪草与藓类植物生长小环境因子的比较分析,上海交通大学学报,33(4):43-52)
Li X.M.,2015,Effects of straw biochar on carbon pool in Mollisol,Thesis for M.S.,Dongbei Agricultural University,Supervisor:Sun Y.K.,and Zhang X.W.,pp.12-30(李晓梅,2015,秸秆生物炭对黑土碳库的影响,硕士学位论文,东北农业大学,导师:孙彦坤,张兴文,pp.12-30)
Li Y.N.,2015,Study on landscape design of ecological protection belts of Marina district in Shanghai,Dongbei Agricultural University,Thesis for M.S.,Supervisor:Fan J.P.,pp.19-31(李亚南,2015,上海滨海地区生态防护林带景观设计研究,硕士学位论文,东北农业大学,导师:樊金萍,pp.19-31)
Ling Y.,Zhang X.Q.,Chen S.Y.,Liu W.,and Ma X.,2012,Genetic diversity of Cynodon dactylon germplasm by SRAPand SSR markers,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultural Sinica),45(10):2040-2051(凌瑶,张新全,陈仕勇,刘伟,马啸,2012,野生狗牙根种质资源SRAP与SSR的遗传多样性,中国农业科学,45(10):2040-2051)
Liu X.Y.,Li X.N.,Han S.J.,and Xie Y.,2016,Cadmium tolerance and accumulation in different bermuda grass genotypes,Caoye Kexue(Pratacultural Science),33(12):2465-2474(刘翔宇,李晓宁,韩世娟,谢燕,2016,不同基因型狗牙根耐镉及镉富集特性,草业科学,33(12):2465-2474)
Sun B.,Xie J.C.,Wang N.,Wang T.P.,and Li C.J.,2011,Effect of straw mulching on water-salt dynamic of saline soil,Ganhan Diqu Nongye Yanjiu(Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas),29(4):180-184(孙博,解建仓,汪妮,王天平,李春娇,2011,秸秆覆盖对盐渍化土壤水盐动态的影响,干旱地区农业研究,29(4):180-184)
Sun B.,Xie J.C.,Wang N.,Wang T.P.,and Li C.J.,2012,Effects of straw mulching on change of evaporation and water-salt in the saline soil,Shuitu Baochi Xuebao(Journal of Soil and Water Conservation),26(1):246-250(孙博,解建仓,汪妮,李春娇,2012,不同秸秆覆盖量对盐渍土蒸发,水盐变化的影响,水土保持学报,26(1):246-250)
Wang Z.J.,Wang J.,Jiao X.Y.,Chen Y.S.,Xu Z.D.,Ou Z.L.,Wu X.,and He Z.A.,2016,Effects of salt stress and exogenous calcium on seed germination of Rhus chinensis,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),36(3):706-714(王占军,王静,焦小雨,陈延松,徐忠东,欧祖兰,吴席,何子昂,2016,盐胁迫及外源钙处理对盐肤木种子萌发的影响,基因组学与应用生物学,36(3):706-714)
Xu C.H.,Lu L.M.,Zhou C.Y.,Yang Y.F.,Shi L.,Zhu E.,and Lin T.J.,2016,Distribution characteristics of saline alkali soil in the east beach of Pudong,Shanghai and analysis of saline alkali reducti,Shanghai Nongye Xuebao(Acta Agricultural Shanghai),32(4):122-125(徐春花,陆利民,周超英,杨业凤,石磊,朱恩,林天杰,2016,上海浦东东滩土壤盐碱分布特点及排盐降碱效果分析,上海农业学报,32(4):122-125)
Yang D.,Wan F.X.,Gu T.H.,and Li M.,2012,Study on the selection of afforestation species for coastal protective in Shanghai city,Nanjing Linye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,36(2):95-100(杨东,万福绪,顾汤华,李盟,2012,上海海岸防护林造林树种的选择,南京林业大学学报,36(2):95-100)
Ye C.,Guo Z.L.,Cai C.F.,Yan F.L.,and Ma Z.H.,2017,Relationship between root tensile mechanical properties and main chemical components of five herbaceous species,Caoye Kexue(Pratacultural Science),34(3):598-606(叶超,郭忠录,蔡崇法,闫峰陵,马中浩,2017,5种草本植物根系理化特性及其相关性,草业科学,34(3):598-606)
Zhang K.X.,2010,Study on community ecology of shanghai green belt and ecological benefits and aesthetics assessment of its plant communities,Dissertation for Ph.D.,East China Normal University,Supervisor:Da L.J.,pp.15-45(张凯旋,2010,上海环城林带群落生态学与生态效益及景观美学评价研究,博士学位论文,华东师范大学,导师:达良俊,pp.15-45)
Zhang Y.,2008,Research on drought and salt resistance of the several bermudagrass cultivars,Dissertation for Ph.D.,Hebei Agricultural University,Supervisor:Bian X.J.,pp.16-22(张岩,2008,几种狗牙根品种(系)抗旱及抗盐性研究,硕士学位论文,河北农业大学,导师:边秀举,pp.16-22)
Zong J.Q.,Chen J.B.,Yu C.G.,Guo A.G.,Liu J.X.,and Yin Y.L.,2010,Growth adaptability of some cultivars(lines)of warmseason turfgrass in coastal beach and their influence on soil salinity,Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),19(3):48-54(宗俊勤,陈静波,於朝广,郭爱桂,刘建秀,殷云龙,2010,部分暖季型草坪草品种(系)在沿海滩涂的生长适应性及其对土壤盐度的影响,植物资源与环境学报,19(3):48-54)
Chen J.B.,Niu J.W.,Tian H.Y.,Zong J.Q.,Gao Y.Z.,and Liu J.X.,2014,Effect of Na Cl stress on growth and Na+and K+accumulation of cultivars‘Suzhi No.2’and‘Tifgreen’of hybrid bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon×C.transvaalensis),Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),23(3):45-51(陈静波,牛佳伟,田海燕,宗俊勤,高艳芝,刘建秀,2014,Na Cl胁迫对杂交狗牙根品种‘苏植2号’和‘Tifgreen’生长及Na+和K+积累的影响,植物资源与环境学报,23(3):45-51)
Chen J.B.,and Liu J.X.,2012,Salinity tolerance evaluation and mechanisms in bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.),Caoye Xuebao(Acta Prataculturae Sinica),21(5):302-310(陈静波,刘建秀,2012,狗牙根抗盐性评价及抗盐机理研究进展,草业学报,21(5):302-310)
Ding Z.,2014,Distribution characteristics of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)of typical greenbelt soils in shanghai and research of phytoremediation,Thesis for M.S.,Nanjing A-gricultural University,Supervisor:Fang H.L.,and Zhan X.H.,pp.22-49(丁正,2014,上海市典型绿地土壤TPH分布特征及植物修复研究,硕士学位论文,南京农业大学,导师:方海兰,占新华,pp.22-49)
Li C.J.,Lv G.H.,Gong L.,Zhang H.F.,and Liu X.X.,2013,Spatial point pattern and response of clonal plant communities to high drought and salt stress in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve,Ganhanqu Yanjiu(Arid Zone Research),30(1):122-128(李尝君,吕光辉,贡璐,张海峰,刘晓星,2013,艾比湖湿地自然保护区克隆植物群落空间格局及其对水盐胁迫的响应,干旱区研究,30(1):122-128)
Li C.X.,Wu Z.A.,and He Y.L.,2015,Analyzed comparisons of micro-environmetal factors optimal for growth of bermudagrass and the mosses in Minhang district of Shanghai,Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University),33(4):43-52(李春霞,吴子安,何亚丽,2015,上海闵行地区狗牙根草坪草与藓类植物生长小环境因子的比较分析,上海交通大学学报,33(4):43-52)
Li X.M.,2015,Effects of straw biochar on carbon pool in Mollisol,Thesis for M.S.,Dongbei Agricultural University,Supervisor:Sun Y.K.,and Zhang X.W.,pp.12-30(李晓梅,2015,秸秆生物炭对黑土碳库的影响,硕士学位论文,东北农业大学,导师:孙彦坤,张兴文,pp.12-30)
Li Y.N.,2015,Study on landscape design of ecological protection belts of Marina district in Shanghai,Dongbei Agricultural University,Thesis for M.S.,Supervisor:Fan J.P.,pp.19-31(李亚南,2015,上海滨海地区生态防护林带景观设计研究,硕士学位论文,东北农业大学,导师:樊金萍,pp.19-31)
Ling Y.,Zhang X.Q.,Chen S.Y.,Liu W.,and Ma X.,2012,Genetic diversity of Cynodon dactylon germplasm by SRAPand SSR markers,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultural Sinica),45(10):2040-2051(凌瑶,张新全,陈仕勇,刘伟,马啸,2012,野生狗牙根种质资源SRAP与SSR的遗传多样性,中国农业科学,45(10):2040-2051)
Liu X.Y.,Li X.N.,Han S.J.,and Xie Y.,2016,Cadmium tolerance and accumulation in different bermuda grass genotypes,Caoye Kexue(Pratacultural Science),33(12):2465-2474(刘翔宇,李晓宁,韩世娟,谢燕,2016,不同基因型狗牙根耐镉及镉富集特性,草业科学,33(12):2465-2474)
Sun B.,Xie J.C.,Wang N.,Wang T.P.,and Li C.J.,2011,Effect of straw mulching on water-salt dynamic of saline soil,Ganhan Diqu Nongye Yanjiu(Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas),29(4):180-184(孙博,解建仓,汪妮,王天平,李春娇,2011,秸秆覆盖对盐渍化土壤水盐动态的影响,干旱地区农业研究,29(4):180-184)
Sun B.,Xie J.C.,Wang N.,Wang T.P.,and Li C.J.,2012,Effects of straw mulching on change of evaporation and water-salt in the saline soil,Shuitu Baochi Xuebao(Journal of Soil and Water Conservation),26(1):246-250(孙博,解建仓,汪妮,李春娇,2012,不同秸秆覆盖量对盐渍土蒸发,水盐变化的影响,水土保持学报,26(1):246-250)
Wang Z.J.,Wang J.,Jiao X.Y.,Chen Y.S.,Xu Z.D.,Ou Z.L.,Wu X.,and He Z.A.,2016,Effects of salt stress and exogenous calcium on seed germination of Rhus chinensis,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),36(3):706-714(王占军,王静,焦小雨,陈延松,徐忠东,欧祖兰,吴席,何子昂,2016,盐胁迫及外源钙处理对盐肤木种子萌发的影响,基因组学与应用生物学,36(3):706-714)
Xu C.H.,Lu L.M.,Zhou C.Y.,Yang Y.F.,Shi L.,Zhu E.,and Lin T.J.,2016,Distribution characteristics of saline alkali soil in the east beach of Pudong,Shanghai and analysis of saline alkali reducti,Shanghai Nongye Xuebao(Acta Agricultural Shanghai),32(4):122-125(徐春花,陆利民,周超英,杨业凤,石磊,朱恩,林天杰,2016,上海浦东东滩土壤盐碱分布特点及排盐降碱效果分析,上海农业学报,32(4):122-125)
Yang D.,Wan F.X.,Gu T.H.,and Li M.,2012,Study on the selection of afforestation species for coastal protective in Shanghai city,Nanjing Linye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,36(2):95-100(杨东,万福绪,顾汤华,李盟,2012,上海海岸防护林造林树种的选择,南京林业大学学报,36(2):95-100)
Ye C.,Guo Z.L.,Cai C.F.,Yan F.L.,and Ma Z.H.,2017,Relationship between root tensile mechanical properties and main chemical components of five herbaceous species,Caoye Kexue(Pratacultural Science),34(3):598-606(叶超,郭忠录,蔡崇法,闫峰陵,马中浩,2017,5种草本植物根系理化特性及其相关性,草业科学,34(3):598-606)
Zhang K.X.,2010,Study on community ecology of shanghai green belt and ecological benefits and aesthetics assessment of its plant communities,Dissertation for Ph.D.,East China Normal University,Supervisor:Da L.J.,pp.15-45(张凯旋,2010,上海环城林带群落生态学与生态效益及景观美学评价研究,博士学位论文,华东师范大学,导师:达良俊,pp.15-45)
Zhang Y.,2008,Research on drought and salt resistance of the several bermudagrass cultivars,Dissertation for Ph.D.,Hebei Agricultural University,Supervisor:Bian X.J.,pp.16-22(张岩,2008,几种狗牙根品种(系)抗旱及抗盐性研究,硕士学位论文,河北农业大学,导师:边秀举,pp.16-22)
Zong J.Q.,Chen J.B.,Yu C.G.,Guo A.G.,Liu J.X.,and Yin Y.L.,2010,Growth adaptability of some cultivars(lines)of warmseason turfgrass in coastal beach and their influence on soil salinity,Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),19(3):48-54(宗俊勤,陈静波,於朝广,郭爱桂,刘建秀,殷云龙,2010,部分暖季型草坪草品种(系)在沿海滩涂的生长适应性及其对土壤盐度的影响,植物资源与环境学报,19(3):48-54)
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