燃料电池混合发电系统等效氢耗瞬时优化能量管理方法
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摘要
为提高燃料电池混合发电系统效率和改善燃料经济性,提出一种基于双DC/DC拓扑结构的燃料电池混合发电系统等效氢耗瞬时优化能量管理方法。该方法根据等效氢耗理论,在单位控制周期内实时分配燃料电池和锂电池输出功率,使得系统在单位控制周期内等效氢耗最小,并通过将该瞬时等效氢耗优化问题转换为双向DC/DC变换器的最优输出功率求解问题,实现了该方法的工程应用。在搭建的由燃料电池、锂电池、单向DC/DC变换器、双向DC/DC变换器以及能量管理器等组成的混合发电系统测试平台上,利用轨道机车工况开展了多指标性能测试与对比分析。实验结果表明,与状态机控制策略相比,基于等效氢耗瞬时优化的能量管理方法能够有效提高等效氢耗利用率和系统效率,并降低了锂电池运行压力,有效改善了系统燃料经济性和使用寿命。
In order to improve the efficiency of fuel cell hybrid power generation system and improve fuel economy. This paper presented an equivalent hydrogen consumption instantaneous optimized energy management method based on double DC/DC topology for fuel cell hybrid power generation system. The method based on equivalent hydrogen consumption theory, in the unit control cycle time allocates fuel cell and lithium battery output power, which makes the system in the unit control period equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum. The instantaneous equivalent hydrogen consumption optimization problem was converted to the optimal output power solution of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the engineering application of this method was realized. By means of track operating condition, a multi-index performance test and comparative analysis was carried out on a hybrid power generation system test platform consisting of fuel cell, lithium battery, unidirectional DC/DC converter, bidirectional DC/DC converter. The experimental results show that compared with the control strategy of state machine, equivalent hydrogen consumption instantaneous optimization method can effectively improve the utilization rate of equivalent hydrogen consumption and system efficiency and reduce operating pressure of lithium battery, improve the fuel economy and service life of the system.
In order to improve the efficiency of fuel cell hybrid power generation system and improve fuel economy. This paper presented an equivalent hydrogen consumption instantaneous optimized energy management method based on double DC/DC topology for fuel cell hybrid power generation system. The method based on equivalent hydrogen consumption theory, in the unit control cycle time allocates fuel cell and lithium battery output power, which makes the system in the unit control period equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum. The instantaneous equivalent hydrogen consumption optimization problem was converted to the optimal output power solution of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the engineering application of this method was realized. By means of track operating condition, a multi-index performance test and comparative analysis was carried out on a hybrid power generation system test platform consisting of fuel cell, lithium battery, unidirectional DC/DC converter, bidirectional DC/DC converter. The experimental results show that compared with the control strategy of state machine, equivalent hydrogen consumption instantaneous optimization method can effectively improve the utilization rate of equivalent hydrogen consumption and system efficiency and reduce operating pressure of lithium battery, improve the fuel economy and service life of the system.
引文
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[13]Qi Li,Weirong,Liu Zhixiang,et al.Net power control based on linear matrix inequality for Proton exchange membrane fuel cell system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2014,29(1):1-8.
[14]Li Qi,Chen Weirong,Liu Zhixiang,et al.Development of energy management system based on a power sharing strategy for a fuel cell-battery-super capacitor hybrid tramway[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,279:267-280.
[15]Han Jingang,Charpentier J F,Tang Tianhao.An energy management system of a fuel cell/battery hybrid boat[J].Energies,2014,7(5):2799-2820.
[16]Bizon N,Radut M,Oproescu M.Energy control strategies for the fuel cell hybrid power source under unknown load profile[J].Energy,2015,86:31-41.
[17]Li Qi,Yang Hanqing,Han Ying,et al.A state machine strategy based on droop control for an energy management system of PEMFC-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(36):16148-16159.
[18]Garcia P,Fernandez L M,Garcia C A,et al.Energy management system of fuel-cell-battery hybrid tramway[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(12):4013-402.
[19]Motapon S N,Dessaint L A,Al-Haddad K.A comparative study of energy management schemes for a fuel-cell hybrid emergency power system of more-electric aircraft[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,61(3):1320-1334.
[20]Li Xiangjun,Xu Liangfei,Hua Jianfeng,et al.Power management strategy for vehicular-applied hybrid fuel cell/battery power system[J].Journal of Power Sources,2009,191(2):542-549.
[21]Xu Liangfei,Li Jianqiu,Hua Jianfeng,et al.Adaptive supervisory control strategy of a fuel cell/battery-powered city bus[J].Journal of Power Sources,2009,194(1):360-368.
[22]苗强,孙强,白书战,等.基于能量回收的等效燃油消耗最小策略[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(11):112-118.Miao Qiang,Sun Qiang,Bai Shuzhan,et al.Equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy based on energy recovery[J].Journal of South China University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2015,43(11):112-118(in Chinese).
[23]Zhang Wenbin,Li Jianqiu,Xu Liangfei,et al.Optimization for a fuel cell/battery/capacity tram with equivalent consumption minimization strategy[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2017,134:59-69.
[2]赵思臣,王奔,谢玉洪,等.无外增湿质子交换膜燃料电池线性温度扫描实验[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(26):4528-4533.Zhao Sichen,Wang Ben,Xie Yuhong,et al.Linear temperature sweep experimental study on proton exchange membrane fuel cell without external humidification[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(26):4528-4533(in Chinese).
[3]李奇,陈维荣,刘述奎,等.多变量H∞次优控制在质子交换膜燃料电池压力控制系统中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(20):123-128.Li Qi,Chen Weirong,Liu Shukui,et al.Application of multivariable H∞suboptimal control for proton exchange membrane fuel cell pressure control system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(20):123-128(in Chinese).
[4]王玲,李欣然,马亚辉,等.燃料电池发电系统的机电动态模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):40-47.Wang Ling,Li Xinran,Ma Yahui,et al.Dynamic model of fuel cell power generating system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(22):40-47(in Chinese).
[5]Liu Jianxing,Luo Wensheng,Yang Xiaozhan,et al.Robust model-based fault diagnosis for PEM fuel cell air-feed system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(5):3261-3270.
[6]Hong Ling,Chen Jian,Liu Zhiyang,et al.A nonlinear control strategy for fuel delivery in PEM fuel cells considering nitrogen permeation[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(2):1565-1576.
[7]丁明,严流进,茆美琴,等.分布式发电中燃料电池的建模与控制[J].电网技术,2009,33(9):8-13.Ding Ming,Yan Liujin,Mao Meiqin,et al.Modeling and control of fuel cells in distributed generation system[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(9):8-13(in Chinese).
[8]王锐,顾伟,吴志.含可再生能源的热电联供型微网经济运行优化[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(8):22-27.Wang Rui,Gu Wei,Wu Zhi.Economic and optimal operation of a combined heat and power Micogrid with renewable energy resources[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(8):22-27(in Chinese).
[9]尹良震,李奇,洪志湖,等.PEMFC发电系统FFRLS在线辨识和实时最优温度广义预测控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3223-3235,3378.Yin Liangzhen,Li Qi,Hong Zhihu,et al.FFRLS online identification and real-time optimal temperature generalized predictive control method of PEMFC generation system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3223-3235,3378(in Chinese).
[10]谢长君,杜传进,全书海.燃料电池中巴车电电混合动力控制系统[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(6):188-192.Xie Changjun,Du Chuanjin,Quan Shuhai.Hybrid power control system of fuel cell middle size bus[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(6):188-192(in Chinese).
[11]陈启梅,翁一武,翁史烈,等.燃料电池–燃气轮机混合发电系统性能研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(4):31-35.Chen Qimei,Weng Yiwu,Weng Shilie,et al.Performance analysis of a hybrid system based on a fuel cell and a gas turbine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(4):31-35(in Chinese).
[12]朱选才,徐德鸿,吴屏,等.燃料电池发电装置能量管理控制系统设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(11):101-106.Zhu Xuancai,Xu Dehong,Wu Ping,et al.Design of energy management control in fuel cell power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(11):101-106(in Chinese).
[13]Qi Li,Weirong,Liu Zhixiang,et al.Net power control based on linear matrix inequality for Proton exchange membrane fuel cell system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2014,29(1):1-8.
[14]Li Qi,Chen Weirong,Liu Zhixiang,et al.Development of energy management system based on a power sharing strategy for a fuel cell-battery-super capacitor hybrid tramway[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,279:267-280.
[15]Han Jingang,Charpentier J F,Tang Tianhao.An energy management system of a fuel cell/battery hybrid boat[J].Energies,2014,7(5):2799-2820.
[16]Bizon N,Radut M,Oproescu M.Energy control strategies for the fuel cell hybrid power source under unknown load profile[J].Energy,2015,86:31-41.
[17]Li Qi,Yang Hanqing,Han Ying,et al.A state machine strategy based on droop control for an energy management system of PEMFC-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(36):16148-16159.
[18]Garcia P,Fernandez L M,Garcia C A,et al.Energy management system of fuel-cell-battery hybrid tramway[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(12):4013-402.
[19]Motapon S N,Dessaint L A,Al-Haddad K.A comparative study of energy management schemes for a fuel-cell hybrid emergency power system of more-electric aircraft[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,61(3):1320-1334.
[20]Li Xiangjun,Xu Liangfei,Hua Jianfeng,et al.Power management strategy for vehicular-applied hybrid fuel cell/battery power system[J].Journal of Power Sources,2009,191(2):542-549.
[21]Xu Liangfei,Li Jianqiu,Hua Jianfeng,et al.Adaptive supervisory control strategy of a fuel cell/battery-powered city bus[J].Journal of Power Sources,2009,194(1):360-368.
[22]苗强,孙强,白书战,等.基于能量回收的等效燃油消耗最小策略[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(11):112-118.Miao Qiang,Sun Qiang,Bai Shuzhan,et al.Equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy based on energy recovery[J].Journal of South China University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2015,43(11):112-118(in Chinese).
[23]Zhang Wenbin,Li Jianqiu,Xu Liangfei,et al.Optimization for a fuel cell/battery/capacity tram with equivalent consumption minimization strategy[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2017,134:59-69.