塔里木河流域农业灌溉用水量变化特征分析
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摘要
为探讨不同水平年塔里木河流域农业灌溉用水量变化特征,本文依据水量平衡原理,基于近十几年塔里木河流域"四源一干"灌溉用水量等数据,分析源流区灌溉用水量的变化特征、干流年灌溉用水量变化及其影响因素,对比分析统一管理实施前后灌溉用水变化特点。结果表明:塔里木河流域总体灌溉用水量呈现出持续下降的趋势,流域总体年均灌溉用水量分别减少了2.2%和6.9%。在耕地面积大幅度扩张的压力之下,灌溉水量出现减少趋势,净灌溉水量增加主要通过水资源利用效率的提升得来。相比统一管理实施之前的2005年,2013年流域整体净灌溉水量在统一管理实施之后增长了24.5%,水资源利用效率的净灌溉水量与灌溉水量比值增加了41.3%,流域农业用水管理及利用水平显著提升。本研究可为塔里木河流域农业开发和水资源管理提供参考。
In order to explore the characteristics of agricultural irrigation water consumption in the Tarim river basin in different levels,this paper compares and analyzes the variation characteristics of irrigation water consumption in the source flow area and annual variation of irrigation water consumption and its influencing factors in the main stream based on the water balance principle and data of"four sources and one dry"irrigation water in the Tarim river basin before and after unified management in the past decade.The results showed that the irrigation water consumption in the Tarim river basin showed a continuous downward trend.The overall annual irrigation water consumption in the basin decreased by 2.2.% and 6.9%.Under the pressure of large expansion of cultivated land,the amount of irrigation water has decreased.The increase of netirrigation water is mainly due to the improvement of water use efficiency.Compared with 2005 before the implementation of unified management,the overall net irrigation water volume of the basin increased by 24.5% in 2013 after the implementation of unified management,and the ratio of net irrigation water to irrigation water that can reflect water use efficiency increased by 41.3%.The level of management and utilization has increased significantly.This study can provide a reference for agricultural development and water resources management in the Tarim river basin.
In order to explore the characteristics of agricultural irrigation water consumption in the Tarim river basin in different levels,this paper compares and analyzes the variation characteristics of irrigation water consumption in the source flow area and annual variation of irrigation water consumption and its influencing factors in the main stream based on the water balance principle and data of"four sources and one dry"irrigation water in the Tarim river basin before and after unified management in the past decade.The results showed that the irrigation water consumption in the Tarim river basin showed a continuous downward trend.The overall annual irrigation water consumption in the basin decreased by 2.2.% and 6.9%.Under the pressure of large expansion of cultivated land,the amount of irrigation water has decreased.The increase of netirrigation water is mainly due to the improvement of water use efficiency.Compared with 2005 before the implementation of unified management,the overall net irrigation water volume of the basin increased by 24.5% in 2013 after the implementation of unified management,and the ratio of net irrigation water to irrigation water that can reflect water use efficiency increased by 41.3%.The level of management and utilization has increased significantly.This study can provide a reference for agricultural development and water resources management in the Tarim river basin.
引文
[1]宋郁东,樊自立,雷志栋,等.中国塔里木河水资源与生态问题研究[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2000.
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[3]宋洋,包安明,黄粤,等.塔里木河综合治理前后干流环境变化[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):230-238.
[4]高前兆,屈建军,王润,等.塔里木河下游绿色走廊生态输水对沙漠化逆转的影响[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(1):52-58.
[5]张沛,陈超群,徐海量,等.塔里木河“九源一干”可承载最大灌溉面积探讨[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):223-231.
[6]Huang Y,Li Y P,Chen X,et al.Optimization of the irrigation water resources for agricultural sustainability in Tarim River Basin[J].Agricultural Water Management,2012,107(10):74-85.
[7]宋洋,包安明,黄粤,等.塔里木河综合治理前后干流环境变化[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):230-238.
[8]高前兆,屈建军,王润,等.塔里木河下游绿色走廊生态输水对沙漠化逆转的影响[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(1):52-58.
[9]Meng L H,Chen Y N,Lin W H,et al.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for water resources carrying capacity in Tarim River Basin[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2009,19(1):89-95.
[10]宋郁东,樊自立,雷志栋,等.中国塔里木河水资源与生态问题研究[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2000.
[11]饶瑞符.塔里木河的变迁与整治[C]∥毛德华.塔里木河流域水资源、环境与管理.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998:184-193.
[2]Liu Y B,Chen Y N.Impact of population growth and land-use change on water resources and ecosystems of the arid Tarim River Basin in Western China[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,2006,13(4):295-305.
[3]宋洋,包安明,黄粤,等.塔里木河综合治理前后干流环境变化[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):230-238.
[4]高前兆,屈建军,王润,等.塔里木河下游绿色走廊生态输水对沙漠化逆转的影响[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(1):52-58.
[5]张沛,陈超群,徐海量,等.塔里木河“九源一干”可承载最大灌溉面积探讨[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):223-231.
[6]Huang Y,Li Y P,Chen X,et al.Optimization of the irrigation water resources for agricultural sustainability in Tarim River Basin[J].Agricultural Water Management,2012,107(10):74-85.
[7]宋洋,包安明,黄粤,等.塔里木河综合治理前后干流环境变化[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):230-238.
[8]高前兆,屈建军,王润,等.塔里木河下游绿色走廊生态输水对沙漠化逆转的影响[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(1):52-58.
[9]Meng L H,Chen Y N,Lin W H,et al.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for water resources carrying capacity in Tarim River Basin[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2009,19(1):89-95.
[10]宋郁东,樊自立,雷志栋,等.中国塔里木河水资源与生态问题研究[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2000.
[11]饶瑞符.塔里木河的变迁与整治[C]∥毛德华.塔里木河流域水资源、环境与管理.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998:184-193.