会泽铅锌矿区农田土壤镉、铅和养分分布特征及污染评价
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摘要
【目的】了解会泽铅锌矿区农田土壤镉、铅和养分分布特征,探究镉、铅含量与形态和养分之间的相关性。【方法】采集0～60 cm的农田土壤,测定土壤中镉、铅与养分含量,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗多因子综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险评价法,评价土壤中镉、铅污染程度。【结果】(1) 0～20 cm农田土壤镉、铅污染严重。土壤镉污染达到重度污染水平(P_i、P_N>3),毗邻矿山和远离矿山土壤铅污染分别处于重度污染(P_i、P_N>3)和安全范围(PN<0.7)。矿区土壤镉、铅污染分别为高生态风险(E_i>110)和安全生态风险(E_i<55)。(2)镉、铅主要以残渣态存在于土壤中,占比为52.54%和50.26%。矿区土壤潜在生物可利用态铅和毗邻矿山土壤潜在生物可利用态镉的质量分数较高(>44%)。(3)矿区农田土壤养分水平较低,远离矿山采样点土壤养分含量平均高于毗邻矿山采样点。全量和可交换态镉、铅含量与全磷、速效磷含量呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)负相关。【结论】矿区农田土壤镉的污染程度和生态风险均高于铅,磷与镉、铅之间相关性显著。
[Purpose]To investigate the distribution and pollution evaluation of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb), and to explore the correlation between nutrient and heavy metal forms in agricultural soil in Huize lead-zinc mine area. [Method]We collected 0-60 cm soil and analyzed the Cd and Pb and soil nutrient content. The risks of Cd and Pb were evaluated using the single factor index evaluation method and Nemerow integrated index method and potential ecological risk index proposed by Hakanson. [Result](1) 0-20 cm soil has seriously Cd and Pb pollution than other depth. The pollution of Cd has achieved the high levels(P_i, P_N>3). The pollution of Pb were high levels(P_i, P_N>3)and safety scope(PN<0.7) pollution in adjacent and far away mine sampling points of agricultural soil,respectively. There were high potential ecological risk of Cd pollution(Ei>110) and safe range of ecological risk for Pb pollution(E_i<55) in all soils.(2) Cd and Pb mainly existed as residual fraction and proportion for 52.54% and 50.26%. The potential bio-available of Pb in all soils and the potential bioavailable of Cd in adjacent mine sampling points of agricultural soil were higher than 44%.(3) Agricultural soil had a low nutrient level in mine area. The nutrient content of adjacent mine sampling points of agricultural soil were higher than far away sampling points. Total and exchangeable Cd and Pb contents had the negative correlation with the total and available phosphorus content(P<0.05 or P<0.01). [Conclusion]The pollution and ecological risk of Cd were higher than Pb and it was significant correlation between Cd, Pb and phosphorus.
[Purpose]To investigate the distribution and pollution evaluation of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb), and to explore the correlation between nutrient and heavy metal forms in agricultural soil in Huize lead-zinc mine area. [Method]We collected 0-60 cm soil and analyzed the Cd and Pb and soil nutrient content. The risks of Cd and Pb were evaluated using the single factor index evaluation method and Nemerow integrated index method and potential ecological risk index proposed by Hakanson. [Result](1) 0-20 cm soil has seriously Cd and Pb pollution than other depth. The pollution of Cd has achieved the high levels(P_i, P_N>3). The pollution of Pb were high levels(P_i, P_N>3)and safety scope(PN<0.7) pollution in adjacent and far away mine sampling points of agricultural soil,respectively. There were high potential ecological risk of Cd pollution(Ei>110) and safe range of ecological risk for Pb pollution(E_i<55) in all soils.(2) Cd and Pb mainly existed as residual fraction and proportion for 52.54% and 50.26%. The potential bio-available of Pb in all soils and the potential bioavailable of Cd in adjacent mine sampling points of agricultural soil were higher than 44%.(3) Agricultural soil had a low nutrient level in mine area. The nutrient content of adjacent mine sampling points of agricultural soil were higher than far away sampling points. Total and exchangeable Cd and Pb contents had the negative correlation with the total and available phosphorus content(P<0.05 or P<0.01). [Conclusion]The pollution and ecological risk of Cd were higher than Pb and it was significant correlation between Cd, Pb and phosphorus.
引文
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[29]KALISZ B,LACHACZ A.Content of nutrients,heavy metals and exchangeable cations in riverine organic soils[J].Polish Journal of Soil Science,2009,42(1):43.
[30]林文杰.莲花山钨矿区土壤重金属污染与理化特征[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):232.
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[33]宋希娟,王克林,刘淑娟,等.桂西北喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式土壤的有机碳含量及养分特征[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,39(6):655.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1238.2013.00655.
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[2]邹小冷,祖艳群,李元,等.云南某铅锌矿区周边农田土壤Cd、Pb分布特征及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(11):2147.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2014.11.011.
[3]李玉梅,李海鹏,张连科,等.包头某铝厂周边土壤重金属污染及健康风险评价[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(1):94.DOI:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2017.01.14.
[4]张晗,靳青文,黄仁龙,等.大宝山矿区农田土壤重金属污染及其植物累积特征[J].土壤,2017,49(1):146.DOI:10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2017.01.021.
[5]RODRIGUEZ L,RUIZ E,ALONSOAZCARATE J,et al.Heavy metal distribution and chemical speciation in tailings and soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Spain[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(2):1106.DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.04.007.
[6]湛方栋,何永美,李元,等.废弃铅锌矿区和非矿区小花南芥根际真菌的分离及其铅耐性研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(3):599.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2010.03.019.
[7]李晓艳,吴超.某铅锌矿区公路两侧土壤重金属污染分布研究[J].环境工程,2017,35(1):137.DOI:10.13205/j.hjgc.201701029.
[8]张厦,宋静,高慧,等.贵州铅锌冶炼区农田土壤镉铅有效性评价与预测模型研究[J].土壤,2017,49(2):328.DOI:10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2017.02.018.
[9]卢一富,李云峰,苗向前,等.微小铅锌矿区土壤和植物重金属污染特征及风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):566.DOI:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2015.04.019.
[10]韩春梅,王林山,巩宗强,等.土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1500.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2005.12.025.
[11]叶华香,张思冲,辛蕊,等.哈尔滨市郊菜地土壤重金属及土壤理化性质[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(2):165.
[12]方慧,张珍明,何腾兵,等.贵州磷肥施用对耕地土壤重金属铅的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2016(5):57.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-2239.2016.05.022.
[13]李敬伟,湛方栋,何永美,等.云南会泽铅锌矿区土壤理化与生物学性质[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014,20(5):907 .DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.01047.
[14]QI J Y,ZHANG H L,LI X P,et al.Concentrations,spatial distribution,and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in a Zn-Pb mine district in southern China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2016,188(7):1.DOI:10.1007/s10661-016-5406-0.
[15]杨俊松,王德炉,吴春玉,等.务川耕地土壤养分状况的调查与分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2016,35(2):40.
[16]胡国成,张丽娟,齐剑英,等.贵州万山汞矿周边土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2015(5):879.
[17]武天云,JEFF J S,李凤民,等.利用离心法进行土壤颗粒分级[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):478.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2004.03.024.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19]TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844.DOI:10.1021/ac50043a017.
[20]陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[21]李科,丁晴晴,蒙丽娜,等.电子垃圾拆解区不同深度土壤重金属污染特征[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(6):205.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2015.06.034.
[22]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sediment ecological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14:977.DOI:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
[23]马建华,王晓云,侯千,等.某城市幼儿园地表灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J].地理研究,2011,30(3):487.
[24]ODOH R,AGBAJI E B,KAGBU J A,et al.Heavy metal speciation in agricultural farmland in some selected local government areas of Benue State,Nigeria[J].Archives of Applied Science Research,2011,3(3):564.
[25]张爱星,聂义宁,季宏兵,等.万庄金矿田土壤重金属的垂直分布及形态研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S2):1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2014.12O.001.
[26]齐小娟,马琴,刘涛.内蒙古采选及冶炼企业周边土壤重金属污染状况及防治措施研究[J].湖南生态科学学报,2017,4(1):31.
[27]CASTILLO S,ROSA JDDJ,CAMPA AMSDL,et al.Contribution of mine wastes to atmospheric metal deposition in the surrounding area of an abandoned heavily polluted mining district(Rio Tinto mines,Spain)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,449(2):363.DOI:10 .1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.076.
[28]李贵祥,方向京,邵金平,等.个旧锡矿山废弃地不同土地利用方式土壤重金属的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):48.
[29]KALISZ B,LACHACZ A.Content of nutrients,heavy metals and exchangeable cations in riverine organic soils[J].Polish Journal of Soil Science,2009,42(1):43.
[30]林文杰.莲花山钨矿区土壤重金属污染与理化特征[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):232.
[31]阿拉腾希胡日,曾希柏,白玲玉,等.不同土地利用方式对农田土壤养分含量的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2010,31(4):492.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0275.2010.04.025.
[32]朱海滨,杨应明,张晓龙,等.不同土壤类型养分垂直分布特征[J].中国烟草科学,2014(5):55.DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2014.05.011.
[33]宋希娟,王克林,刘淑娟,等.桂西北喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式土壤的有机碳含量及养分特征[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,39(6):655.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1238.2013.00655.
[34]袁园.理化性质对土壤-农作物系统重金属生物有效性影响研究进展[J].地球科学前沿,2014,4(4):216.
[35]苏耀明,陈志良,雷国建,等.多金属矿区土壤重金属垂向污染特征及风险评估[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):133.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2016.01.019.
[36]陶文靖,程丽娅,聂全新,等.土壤中重金属有效态分析方法研究[J].安徽地质,2014(4):300.
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