大佛寺煤矿顶板涌水规律及影响因素
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摘要
洛河组是大佛寺煤矿煤层开采的主要充水含水层,但在不同区域内的涌水强度存在巨大差异。文中在统计分析不同区域工作面涌水资料的基础上,总结了顶板涌水的规律,并分析了涌水与采厚采宽等生产因素以及含(隔)水层、煤与含水层间距、地质构造等地质因素之间的关系,找出了影响不同区域顶板涌水的关键因素。区内洛河组含水层富水性弱-中等,其厚度决定了该层的整体富水性,是工作面涌水的基本条件,煤层采厚及煤与含水层间距直接影响导水裂隙带在洛河组含水层中的延伸范围,对工作面涌水强度影响很大。通过分析砂泥岩比、结构系数对砂泥岩互层型隔水层隔水性的影响以及区域构造在顶板涌水中的作用,认为隔水层岩性变化减小了有效隔水厚度,而结构的复杂程度对采后导水裂隙发育具有明显影响,地质构造更是从充水水源和导水通道这两方面促进了中厚煤层开采时顶板涌水的发生。研究认为洛河组富水性、开采强度及煤与含水层间距是影响区内4煤层开采过程中顶板涌水的主要因素,隔水层岩性及结构变化、区域构造则在4上煤开采涌水过程中发挥重要作用。
Luohe formation is the main water filling aquifer of coal mining in the Dafosi coal mine,but there are great differences in water inrush intensity in different regions. Based on statistical analysis of water inrush data from different areas,we summed up the rules of the roof water gushing,and analyzed the relationship between water inflow,mining thickness and width and the geological factors such as the aquifer( aquifuge),coal and aquifer interval,geological structure,thus getting the key factors affecting roof water gushing in different regions. Luohe formation in the area is weak-medium aquifer,its thickness determines the watery of the whole layer,the water yield capacity of Luohe formation is the basic condition for the water bursting in the working face,working thickness and thickness of coal seam with aquifer directly affect the extension of the water flowing fractures in the Luohe formation,with great influence on the intensity of water bursting in working face. The sand-mud interbed impermeable layer impermeability is investigated from two aspects,one is the ratio of sand to mud,the other is the struc-tural coefficient of layer,and the role of geological structure in the roof water gushing is explained,which shows that the change of the lithology of impermeable layer reduces the effective thickness,and complexity of structure has obvious influence on the development of water flowing fracture after harvest,the geological structure promots the occurrence of roof water inrushing during the mining of medium-thickness coal seam from the two aspects of water filling source and water flowing channel. It is believed that the Luohe formation water abundance,mining intensity and spacing between coal and aquifer are the main factors that affect the roof water gushing during the 4 coal seam mining,and the lithology and structural changes of the aquifers and the regional structure play an important role in the water gushing process of the 4 upper coal mining.
Luohe formation is the main water filling aquifer of coal mining in the Dafosi coal mine,but there are great differences in water inrush intensity in different regions. Based on statistical analysis of water inrush data from different areas,we summed up the rules of the roof water gushing,and analyzed the relationship between water inflow,mining thickness and width and the geological factors such as the aquifer( aquifuge),coal and aquifer interval,geological structure,thus getting the key factors affecting roof water gushing in different regions. Luohe formation in the area is weak-medium aquifer,its thickness determines the watery of the whole layer,the water yield capacity of Luohe formation is the basic condition for the water bursting in the working face,working thickness and thickness of coal seam with aquifer directly affect the extension of the water flowing fractures in the Luohe formation,with great influence on the intensity of water bursting in working face. The sand-mud interbed impermeable layer impermeability is investigated from two aspects,one is the ratio of sand to mud,the other is the struc-tural coefficient of layer,and the role of geological structure in the roof water gushing is explained,which shows that the change of the lithology of impermeable layer reduces the effective thickness,and complexity of structure has obvious influence on the development of water flowing fracture after harvest,the geological structure promots the occurrence of roof water inrushing during the mining of medium-thickness coal seam from the two aspects of water filling source and water flowing channel. It is believed that the Luohe formation water abundance,mining intensity and spacing between coal and aquifer are the main factors that affect the roof water gushing during the 4 coal seam mining,and the lithology and structural changes of the aquifers and the regional structure play an important role in the water gushing process of the 4 upper coal mining.
引文
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[8]张严静.永陇-彬长矿区煤层顶板离层水形成机理及其预测[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.ZHANG Yan-jing.Prediction and formation mechanism of water in bed separation of coal seam roof in Yonglong-Binchang mining area[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2013.
[9]Robert Bindschadler.The importance of pressurized subglacial water in separation and sliding at the glacier bed[J].Journal of Glaciology,2017,29:3-19.
[10]GUI He-rong,TONG Shi-jie,WU Wei-zhong,et al.Research on preventive technologies for bed-separation water hazard in China coal mines[J].Applied Water Science,2018,8(1):7-8.
[11]乔伟,李文平,李小琴.采场顶板离层水“静水压涌突水”机理及防治[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(1):96-104.QIAO Wei,LI Wen-ping,LI Xiao-qin.Mechanism of“Hydrostatic Water-Inrush”and countermeasures for water inrush in roof bed separation of a mining face[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(1):96-104.
[12]徐智敏,孙亚军,董青红,等.隔水层采动破坏裂隙的闭合机理研究及工程应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):613-618.XU Zhi-min,SUN Ya-jun,DONG Qing-hong,et al.Closing mechanism of mining-induced fracture in coal mine aquifuge and its application[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):613-618.
[13]Bello G A,Menendez D A,Ordieres J B,et al.Generalization of the influence function method in mining subsidence[J].International Journal of Surface Mining,Reclamation and Environment,1996,10(4):195-202.
[14]刘洋.工作面不同采宽与导水裂隙带高度关系研究[J].煤矿安全,2010(4):13-17.LIU Yang.Research on relationship between different width of working face and height of water-flowing fractured zone[J].Journal of Coal Mine Safety,2010(4):13-17.
[15]武强,许珂,张维.再论煤层顶板涌(突)水危险性预测评价的“三图-双预测法”[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1341-1347.WU Qiang,XU Ke,ZHANG Wei.Further research on“three maps-two predictions”method for prediction on coal seam roof water bursting risk[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1341-1347.
[16]王苏健,侯恩科,冯洁,等.黄陵一号煤矿2号煤层顶板涌(突)水危险性分区预测[J].西安科技大学学报,2012,32(2):155-159.WANG Su-jian,HOU En-ke,FENG Jie,et al.Partitioning prediction on the risk of water inflow(inrush)of No.2 coal seam roof in Huangling No.1 mine[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012,32(2):155-159.
[17]任智德,吕玉广,郑纲.利用脆性岩石含量指数预测裂隙型含水层富水区[J].煤田地质与勘探,2011,39(4):35-38.REN Zhi-de,LU Yu-guang,ZHENG Gang.Research on predicting water-rich area of fissueed aquifer by studying brittle rock percentage composition[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2011,39(4):35-38.
[18]商琳,戴俊生,冯建伟,等.砂泥岩互层裂缝发育的地层厚度效应[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(1):35-41.SHANG Lin,DAI Jun-sheng,FENG Jian-wei,et al.Effects of strata thickness on fracture development in sand-mud interbed[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(1):35-41.
[19]戴俊生,冯建伟,李明,等.砂泥岩间互地层裂缝延伸规律探讨[J].地学前缘,2011,18(2):277-283.DAI Jun-sheng,FENG Jian-wei,LI Ming,et al.Discussion on the extension law of structural fracture in sandmud interbed formation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(2):277-283.
[20]王珂,戴俊生,贾开富,等.库车坳陷A气田砂泥岩互层构造裂缝发育规律[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(2):63-70.WANG Ke,DAI Jun-sheng,JIA Kai-fu,et al.Research on development regularity of structural fractures in sandmud intered of a gas field,Kuqa Depression[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2013,35(2):63-70.
[21]曹丁涛,李文平.煤矿导水裂隙带高度计算方法研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2014,25(1):63-69.CAO Ding-tao,LI Wen-ping.Estimation method for height of fratured zone with water flow[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2014,25(1):63-69.
[2]陈通,王苏健,邓增社,等.彬长矿区洛河组砂岩含水层富水性分区预测[C]//段中会,冯西会,邓增社,等.煤矿隐蔽致灾因素及探查技术研究-陕西省煤炭学会学术年会论文集(2014).西安:陕西煤炭工业学会,2015.
[3]刘英锋,王新.黄陇侏罗纪煤田顶板水害防治问题及对策探讨[J].西安科技大学学报,2013,33(4):432-435.LIU Ying-feng,WANG Xin.Water hazard prevention and control in Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2013,33(4):432-435.
[4]刘英锋,王世东,王晓蕾.深埋特厚煤层综放开采覆岩导水裂隙带发育特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1970-1976.LIU Ying-feng,WANG Shi-dong,WANG Xiao-lei.Development characteristics of water flowing fractured zone of overburden deep buried extra thick coal seam and fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):1970-1976.
[5]石磊.特厚深埋煤层覆岩裂隙动态演化特征研究[J].煤炭技术,2015,34(8):86-89.SHI Lei.Dynamic development characteristics of fissure development evolution of deep buried extra thick coal seam and fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Coal Technology,2015,34(8):86-89.
[6]高喜才,伍永平.特厚煤层富水覆岩采动裂隙动态分布特征模拟研究[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(3),16-22.GAO Xi-cai,WU Yong-ping.Experimental study on dynamic distribution law of the spread cracksoverlying stratum with rich water in special hard thick seam[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2011,42(3):16-22.
[7]韩江水,赵婷,武谋达.综采放顶煤工作面顶板涌水机理分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2012,32(2):144-148.HAN Jiang-shui,ZHAO Ting,WU Mou-da.Analysis of water-inrush mechanism of apical plate for fully mechanized caving face[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012,32(2):144-148.
[8]张严静.永陇-彬长矿区煤层顶板离层水形成机理及其预测[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.ZHANG Yan-jing.Prediction and formation mechanism of water in bed separation of coal seam roof in Yonglong-Binchang mining area[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2013.
[9]Robert Bindschadler.The importance of pressurized subglacial water in separation and sliding at the glacier bed[J].Journal of Glaciology,2017,29:3-19.
[10]GUI He-rong,TONG Shi-jie,WU Wei-zhong,et al.Research on preventive technologies for bed-separation water hazard in China coal mines[J].Applied Water Science,2018,8(1):7-8.
[11]乔伟,李文平,李小琴.采场顶板离层水“静水压涌突水”机理及防治[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(1):96-104.QIAO Wei,LI Wen-ping,LI Xiao-qin.Mechanism of“Hydrostatic Water-Inrush”and countermeasures for water inrush in roof bed separation of a mining face[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(1):96-104.
[12]徐智敏,孙亚军,董青红,等.隔水层采动破坏裂隙的闭合机理研究及工程应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):613-618.XU Zhi-min,SUN Ya-jun,DONG Qing-hong,et al.Closing mechanism of mining-induced fracture in coal mine aquifuge and its application[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):613-618.
[13]Bello G A,Menendez D A,Ordieres J B,et al.Generalization of the influence function method in mining subsidence[J].International Journal of Surface Mining,Reclamation and Environment,1996,10(4):195-202.
[14]刘洋.工作面不同采宽与导水裂隙带高度关系研究[J].煤矿安全,2010(4):13-17.LIU Yang.Research on relationship between different width of working face and height of water-flowing fractured zone[J].Journal of Coal Mine Safety,2010(4):13-17.
[15]武强,许珂,张维.再论煤层顶板涌(突)水危险性预测评价的“三图-双预测法”[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1341-1347.WU Qiang,XU Ke,ZHANG Wei.Further research on“three maps-two predictions”method for prediction on coal seam roof water bursting risk[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1341-1347.
[16]王苏健,侯恩科,冯洁,等.黄陵一号煤矿2号煤层顶板涌(突)水危险性分区预测[J].西安科技大学学报,2012,32(2):155-159.WANG Su-jian,HOU En-ke,FENG Jie,et al.Partitioning prediction on the risk of water inflow(inrush)of No.2 coal seam roof in Huangling No.1 mine[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012,32(2):155-159.
[17]任智德,吕玉广,郑纲.利用脆性岩石含量指数预测裂隙型含水层富水区[J].煤田地质与勘探,2011,39(4):35-38.REN Zhi-de,LU Yu-guang,ZHENG Gang.Research on predicting water-rich area of fissueed aquifer by studying brittle rock percentage composition[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2011,39(4):35-38.
[18]商琳,戴俊生,冯建伟,等.砂泥岩互层裂缝发育的地层厚度效应[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(1):35-41.SHANG Lin,DAI Jun-sheng,FENG Jian-wei,et al.Effects of strata thickness on fracture development in sand-mud interbed[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(1):35-41.
[19]戴俊生,冯建伟,李明,等.砂泥岩间互地层裂缝延伸规律探讨[J].地学前缘,2011,18(2):277-283.DAI Jun-sheng,FENG Jian-wei,LI Ming,et al.Discussion on the extension law of structural fracture in sandmud interbed formation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(2):277-283.
[20]王珂,戴俊生,贾开富,等.库车坳陷A气田砂泥岩互层构造裂缝发育规律[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(2):63-70.WANG Ke,DAI Jun-sheng,JIA Kai-fu,et al.Research on development regularity of structural fractures in sandmud intered of a gas field,Kuqa Depression[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2013,35(2):63-70.
[21]曹丁涛,李文平.煤矿导水裂隙带高度计算方法研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2014,25(1):63-69.CAO Ding-tao,LI Wen-ping.Estimation method for height of fratured zone with water flow[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2014,25(1):63-69.