模拟火星大气环境对典型柔性结构热防护特性的影响
|
摘要
随着深空探测任务的逐步开展,火星被视为最重要的载人探测目的地之一,而火星大气环境给柔性结构的热防护带来挑战。文章以舱外航天服手套为柔性热防护结构的研究对象,通过建模实现了舱外手套在火星大气环境冷工况下漏热功率的分析,并开展了模拟火星大气环境下舱外手套的热防护试验研究。结果表明:相比于近地轨道应用,现有舱外手套的热防护能力在火星大气环境中将显著降低,在冷工况下手套的漏热功率超过10 W,且局部热防护不足。在此研究基础上,文章对分析模型的完善、试验方法的拓展以及柔性热防护结构的改进等进行了展望。
With the gradual development of deep space mission,the Mars is regarded as one of the most important destinations for manned space detection.Unlike the tough vacuum environment in the low Earth orbit(LEO),the Martian atmosphere environment poses a challenge to the thermal protection of the flexible structures for manned detection.Taking the extravehicular spacesuit glove(EVA glove)as a typical subject,the heat leakage of EVA glove under the cold condition of the Martian atmosphere environment is estimated by model analysis,and the thermal protection of EVA glove in simulated Martian atmosphere is studied experimentally.The results show that the thermal protection performance of the EVA glove is significantly degraded in the Martian atmosphere as compared with that in the LEO applications.The heat leakage of the glove exceeds 10 W under the cold condition,and the local thermal protection measures are not sufficient.On this basis,the optimization of the analytical model,the extension of the test method,and the method to improve the performance of the flexible thermal protection structure are suggested.
With the gradual development of deep space mission,the Mars is regarded as one of the most important destinations for manned space detection.Unlike the tough vacuum environment in the low Earth orbit(LEO),the Martian atmosphere environment poses a challenge to the thermal protection of the flexible structures for manned detection.Taking the extravehicular spacesuit glove(EVA glove)as a typical subject,the heat leakage of EVA glove under the cold condition of the Martian atmosphere environment is estimated by model analysis,and the thermal protection of EVA glove in simulated Martian atmosphere is studied experimentally.The results show that the thermal protection performance of the EVA glove is significantly degraded in the Martian atmosphere as compared with that in the LEO applications.The heat leakage of the glove exceeds 10 W under the cold condition,and the local thermal protection measures are not sufficient.On this basis,the optimization of the analytical model,the extension of the test method,and the method to improve the performance of the flexible thermal protection structure are suggested.
引文
[1]黄本诚,童靖宇.空间环境工程学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2010:88;536
[2]侯增祺,胡金刚.航天器热控制技术--原理及应用[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2008:340-350
[3]杨冬晖,李猛,尚坤.航天服隔热材料技术研究进展[J].航空材料学报,2016,36(2):87-96YANG D H,LI M,SHANG K.Development of thermal insulation materials technology for spacesuit[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2016,36(2):87-96
[4]SPLAWN K,GRAZIOSI D,STROMAN R.Phase VITMG evolution:SAE 2004-01-2344[R],2004
[5]ABRAMOV I P.The experience in operation&improving the Orlan type spacesuits[J].Acta Astronautica,1995,36(1):1-12
[6]圆山重直.传热学[M].王世学,张信荣,等,编译.北京:北京大学出版社,2011:28-35
[7]陈阳,宁献文,苏生,等.不同真空度下多层隔热组件传热性能的实验研究[J].中国科学(技术科学),2015,45:263-267CHEN Y,NING X W,SU S,et al.Experiment research on heat-transfer capability of the multi-layer insulation blankets under different vacuum degrees[J].Sci Sin Tech,2015,45:263-267
[8]BUG G C,CONGER B C,CHANG C M.Shuttle EMU4000 series and 4750 series glove thermal performance:SAE 951548[R],1995
[9]李潭秋,袁修干,吴志强,等.基于暖体假人代谢模拟的“飞天”舱外服热防护特性试验研究[J].航天医学与医学工程,2009,22(6):404-411LI T Q,YUAN X G,WU Z Q,et al.Experimental study on thermal protection performance of"Feitian"EVAspacesuit based on thermal manikin metabolic simulation method[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,2009,22(6):404-411
[10]陈景山.航天服工程[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:60
[11]航天器热真空试验方法:GB/T 34522-2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017:1-16
[12]PAUL H L,DILLER K R.Comparison of thermal insulation performance of fibrous materials for the advanced space suit[J].Journal of Biomechanical Engineering,2003,125:639-647
[13]李振伟,罗纪,韩放,等.火星车低气压无风热环境模拟试验技术[J].航天器环境工程,2018,35(4):382-387LI Z W,LUO J,HAN F,et al.Low-pressure thermal environmental simulation test technology for Mars rover model under wind free condition[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2018,35(4):382-387
[2]侯增祺,胡金刚.航天器热控制技术--原理及应用[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2008:340-350
[3]杨冬晖,李猛,尚坤.航天服隔热材料技术研究进展[J].航空材料学报,2016,36(2):87-96YANG D H,LI M,SHANG K.Development of thermal insulation materials technology for spacesuit[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2016,36(2):87-96
[4]SPLAWN K,GRAZIOSI D,STROMAN R.Phase VITMG evolution:SAE 2004-01-2344[R],2004
[5]ABRAMOV I P.The experience in operation&improving the Orlan type spacesuits[J].Acta Astronautica,1995,36(1):1-12
[6]圆山重直.传热学[M].王世学,张信荣,等,编译.北京:北京大学出版社,2011:28-35
[7]陈阳,宁献文,苏生,等.不同真空度下多层隔热组件传热性能的实验研究[J].中国科学(技术科学),2015,45:263-267CHEN Y,NING X W,SU S,et al.Experiment research on heat-transfer capability of the multi-layer insulation blankets under different vacuum degrees[J].Sci Sin Tech,2015,45:263-267
[8]BUG G C,CONGER B C,CHANG C M.Shuttle EMU4000 series and 4750 series glove thermal performance:SAE 951548[R],1995
[9]李潭秋,袁修干,吴志强,等.基于暖体假人代谢模拟的“飞天”舱外服热防护特性试验研究[J].航天医学与医学工程,2009,22(6):404-411LI T Q,YUAN X G,WU Z Q,et al.Experimental study on thermal protection performance of"Feitian"EVAspacesuit based on thermal manikin metabolic simulation method[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,2009,22(6):404-411
[10]陈景山.航天服工程[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:60
[11]航天器热真空试验方法:GB/T 34522-2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017:1-16
[12]PAUL H L,DILLER K R.Comparison of thermal insulation performance of fibrous materials for the advanced space suit[J].Journal of Biomechanical Engineering,2003,125:639-647
[13]李振伟,罗纪,韩放,等.火星车低气压无风热环境模拟试验技术[J].航天器环境工程,2018,35(4):382-387LI Z W,LUO J,HAN F,et al.Low-pressure thermal environmental simulation test technology for Mars rover model under wind free condition[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2018,35(4):382-387