基于二维石墨烯纳米材料优化高分子分离膜的研究进展
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摘要
高分子分离膜的渗透性与选择性之间存在此长彼消的Trade-off效应,且其抗污染性能、化学稳定性能也亟待提升。有机-无机杂化膜综合了有机高分子材料和无机材料的优点。近年来,纳米材料的快速发展对传统高分子膜材料具有重要的推动作用,尤其是基于二维石墨烯纳米材料开发的新型复合分离膜成为备受关注的研究热点。然而,石墨烯化学稳定性高,其表面呈惰性状态,与其他介质的相互作用较弱,且石墨烯片层之间存在较强的范德华力,易聚集而难溶于水及膜溶剂,严重阻碍了其在高分子分离膜材料中的应用。氧化石墨烯(GO)在石墨烯的表面和边缘引入了大量的含氧极性基团,有助于摆脱片层间强大的π-π堆积相互作用力,因此,GO在水及膜溶剂中具有良好的分散性能;同时,大量的含氧基团也为设计与制备改性石墨烯提供了丰富的反应位点;此外,GO还具有可规模化制备、成本较低的优点,使得GO在高分子分离膜材料中的应用备受青睐。针对聚偏氟乙烯、聚砜与聚醚砜等常用膜材料疏水性强、易污染的缺点,将它们分别与GO、改性GO或复合纳米材料等共混,通过浸没沉淀相转化法制备混合基质膜,可以有效改善混合基质膜的亲水性、膜孔结构、膜表面粗糙度、荷电性能等,从而提升混合基质膜的渗透性能与抗污染性能,甚至赋予其抑菌等新功能。在聚酰胺复合膜的超薄分离层或多孔支撑层中引入适量的GO或改性GO,通过增强超薄分离层的亲水性能、荷电性能以及优化超薄分离层的结构,从而提升纳米复合膜的选择渗透性能、抗污染性能以及耐氯性能。此外,利用GO的静电、氢键、范德华力、π-π等非共价键相互作用力,或者利用GO活性位点与交联剂反应实现共价键连接,可以通过层层组装法制备水平取向、高效堆叠的高通量GO层状膜。本文归纳了基于物理共混、界面聚合、层层组装等常用制膜方法,将二维石墨烯纳米材料填充、交联、吸附、沉积,从而负载或包裹在高分子膜基质中,实现改善与优化高分子分离膜结构与性能的应用研究进展,并对二维石墨烯纳米材料在高分子分离膜的工业化应用中所面临的挑战和前景进行了展望。
To date,polymer membranes still encounter several challenges including the trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity,low resistance to fouling and chemical stability. Organic-inorganic hybrid membranes can make use of the advantages of organic materials and inorganic materials. In recent years,the rapid development of nanomaterials plays an important role in promoting the development of new composite membranes. Especially,the application of two-dimensional graphene nanomaterials has attracted more and more attentions.However,graphene has high chemical stability,inert surface,weak interaction with other media,and strong van der Waals force between graphene nanosheets,which is easy to aggregate and difficult to disperse in water and solvents,seriously hindering its application in polymer membrane materials. Graphene oxide( GO) introduces a large number of oxygen-containing polar groups on its surface or edge,which alleviates the strong interaction between nanosheets. Therefore,GO demonstrates good dispersibility in water and polar solvents. A large number of oxygencontaining groups also provide rich reaction sites for preparing modified graphene. In addition,GO has the advantages of large-scale production and low cost,making GO widely used in polymer membrane materials.Popular polymer membrane materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride,polysulfone and polyethersulfone were individually blended with GO,modified GO,or composite nanomaterials to prepare mixed matrix membranes via immersion precipitation phase inversion. Because the hydrophilicity,pore structure and surface roughness were improved effectively,the mixed matrix membranes showed the enhanced permeability and antifouling property,and even presented new functions such as antibacterial. An appropriate amount of GO or modified GO was introduced into the ultrathin active layer or porous sublayer of polyamide thin-film composite membranes. The permeaselectivity,antifouling and chlorine resistance of the nanocomposite membranes were improved due to the enhanced hydrophilicity and charge property of active layer and the optimal structure of active layer. In addition,high-flux GO laminated membranes can be fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly using non-covalent bond interactions such as electrostatic,hydrogen bonding,van der Waals force,or covalent bonding between GO active sites and crosslinking agent.This review offers the research progress with respect to the application of two-dimensional graphene nanomaterials to improve the structure and properties of polymer membranes based on the methods of physical blending,interfacial polymerization and layer-by-layer assembly. In addition,the challenges and prospects of industrial applications of two-dimensional graphene-based nanomaterials in polymer membranes are prospected.
To date,polymer membranes still encounter several challenges including the trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity,low resistance to fouling and chemical stability. Organic-inorganic hybrid membranes can make use of the advantages of organic materials and inorganic materials. In recent years,the rapid development of nanomaterials plays an important role in promoting the development of new composite membranes. Especially,the application of two-dimensional graphene nanomaterials has attracted more and more attentions.However,graphene has high chemical stability,inert surface,weak interaction with other media,and strong van der Waals force between graphene nanosheets,which is easy to aggregate and difficult to disperse in water and solvents,seriously hindering its application in polymer membrane materials. Graphene oxide( GO) introduces a large number of oxygen-containing polar groups on its surface or edge,which alleviates the strong interaction between nanosheets. Therefore,GO demonstrates good dispersibility in water and polar solvents. A large number of oxygencontaining groups also provide rich reaction sites for preparing modified graphene. In addition,GO has the advantages of large-scale production and low cost,making GO widely used in polymer membrane materials.Popular polymer membrane materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride,polysulfone and polyethersulfone were individually blended with GO,modified GO,or composite nanomaterials to prepare mixed matrix membranes via immersion precipitation phase inversion. Because the hydrophilicity,pore structure and surface roughness were improved effectively,the mixed matrix membranes showed the enhanced permeability and antifouling property,and even presented new functions such as antibacterial. An appropriate amount of GO or modified GO was introduced into the ultrathin active layer or porous sublayer of polyamide thin-film composite membranes. The permeaselectivity,antifouling and chlorine resistance of the nanocomposite membranes were improved due to the enhanced hydrophilicity and charge property of active layer and the optimal structure of active layer. In addition,high-flux GO laminated membranes can be fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly using non-covalent bond interactions such as electrostatic,hydrogen bonding,van der Waals force,or covalent bonding between GO active sites and crosslinking agent.This review offers the research progress with respect to the application of two-dimensional graphene nanomaterials to improve the structure and properties of polymer membranes based on the methods of physical blending,interfacial polymerization and layer-by-layer assembly. In addition,the challenges and prospects of industrial applications of two-dimensional graphene-based nanomaterials in polymer membranes are prospected.
引文
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71 Tsou C H,An Q F,Lo S C,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,477,93.
72 Choi W,Choi J,Bang J,et al.ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2013,5(23),12510.
73 Wang N X,Ji S L,Zhang G J,et al.Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,213,318.
74 Nan Q,Li P,Cao B.Applied Surface Science,2016,387,521.
75 Wang T,Lu J R,Mao L L,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2016,515,125.
76 Zhao J,Zhu Y W,Pan F S,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,487,162.
77 Hu M,Mi B X.Journal of Membrane Science,2014,469,80.
78 Salehi H,Rastgar M,Shakeri A.Applied Surface Science,2017,413,99.
79 Hu M,Mi B X.Environmental Science & Technology,2013,47(8),3715.
80 Xia S J,Ni M,Zhu T R,et al.Desalination,2015,371,78.
81 Jiang Y,Wang W N,Liu D,et al.Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(11),6846.
82 Soroush A,Ma W,Silvino Y,et al.Environmental Science-Nano,2015,2(4),395.
83 Zhang Y,Zhang S,Chung T S.Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(16),10235.
84 Zhang Y,Zhang S,Gao J,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2016,515,230.
2 Lau W J,Gray S,Matsuura T,et al.Water Research,2015,80,306.
3 Goh P S,Ismail A F.Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,2015,90(6),971.
4 Goh P S,Ismail A F.Desalination,2015,356,115.
5 Yin J,Deng B L.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,479,256.
6 Li R Y,Zhang L B,Wang P.Nanoscale,2015,7(41),17167.
7 Salim W,Ho W S W.Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering,2015,8,76.
8 Wang X D,Wang Z N,Gao C J.Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry,2014,31(2),123(in Chinese).王熙大,王志宁,高从堦.应用化学,2014,31(2),123.
9 Dong H,Zhang L,Chen H L,et al.Progress in Chemistry,2014,26(12),2007(in Chinese).董航,张林,陈欢林,等.化学进展,2014,26(12),2007.
10 Compton O C,Nguyen S T.Small,2010,6(6),711.
11 Paredes J I,Villar-Rodil S,Martinez-Alonso A,et al.Langmuir,2008,24(19),10560.
12 Deng H,Sun P Z,Zhang Y J,et al.Chinese Science Bulletin,2015,60(33),3196(in Chinese).邓会,孙鹏展,张迎九,等.科学通报,2015,60(33),3196.
13 Wang Z H,Yu H R,Xia J F,et al.Desalination,2012,299,50.
14 Chang X J,Wang Z X,Quan S,et al.Applied Surface Science,2014,316,537.
15 Xia S J,Ni M Z.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,473,54.
16 Zhao C,Xu X,Chen J,et al.Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2013,1(3),349.
17 Zhao C Q,Xu X C,Chen J,et al.Desalination,2014,334(1),17.
18 Ganesh B M,Isloor A M,Ismail A F.Desalination,2013,313,199.
19 Lee J,Chae H R,Won Y J,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2013,448,223.
20 Kumar M,McGlade D,Ulbricht M,et al.RSC Advances,2015,5(63),51208.
21 Zinadini S,Zinatizadeh A A,Rahimi M,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2014,453,292.
22 Jin F M,Lv W,Zhang C,et al.RSC Advances,2013,3(44),21394.
23 Kim F,Cote L J,Huang J.Advanced Materials,2010,22(17),1954.
24 Cote L J,Kim J,Tung V C,et al.Pure and Applied Chemistry,2011,83(1),95.
25 Hung W S,An Q F,De Guzman M,et al.Carbon,2014,68,670.
26 Xu Z W,Zhang J G,Shan M J,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2014,458,1.
27 Ayyaru S,Ahn Y H.Journal of Membrane Science,2017,525,210.
28 Zhao H Y,Wu L G,Zhou Z J,et al.Physical Chemistry Chemical Phy-sics,2013,15(23),9084.
29 Wu H Q,Tang B B,Wu P Y.Journal of Membrane Science,2014,451,94.
30 Yu L,Zhang Y T,Zhang B,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2013,447,452.
31 Ghaemi N,Zereshki S,Heidari S.Process Safety & Environmental Protection,2017,111,475.
32 Xie Q L,Zhang S S,Xiao Z Y,et al.RSC Advances,2017,7(30),18755.
33 Zhang J G,Xu Z W,Shan M J,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2013,448,81.
34 Safarpour M,Khataee A,Vatanpour V.Separation and Purification Technology,2015,140,32.
35 Huang Y,Xiao C F,Huang Q L,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2018,548,184.
36 Ying T C,Mahmoudi E,Mohammad A W,et al.Desalination,2017,402,123.
37 Xu H,Ding M,Liu S,et al.Polymer,2017,117,198.
38 Vatanpour V,Shockravi A,Zarrabi H,et al.Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2015,30,342.
39 Zhao Q Q,Hou J W,Shen J N,et al.Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(36),18696.
40 Ouyang G,Hussain A,Li J B,et al.RSC Advances,2015,5(86),70448.
41 Ma J,Guo X,Ying Y,et al.Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,313,890.
42 Makhetha T A,Moutloali R M.Journal of Membrane Science,2018,554,195.
43 Lau W J,Ismail A F,Misdan N,et al.Desalination,2012,287,190.
44 Pan Y Y,Xu R P,Lu Z H,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2017,523,282.
45 Ji Y L,An Q F,Guo Y S,et al.Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2016,4(11),4224.
46 Misdan N,Ismail A F,Hilal N.Desalination,2016,380,105.
47 Tang Y J,Xu Z L,Xue S M,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2016,498,374.
48 Cheng X Q,Liu Y Y,Guo Z H,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,493,156.
49 Lai G S,Lau W J,Goh P S,et al.Desalination,2016,387,14.
50 Liu Q,Xu G R.Desalination,2016,394,162.
51 Ali M E A,Wang L Y,Wang X Y,et al.Desalination,2016,386,67.
52 Yin J,Zhu G C,Deng B L.Desalination,2016,379,93.
53 Chae H R,Lee J,Lee C H,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,483,128.
54 He L,Dumee L F,Feng C F,et al.Desalination,2015,365,126.
55 Wang J,Zhao C W,Wang T,et al.RSC Advances,2016,6(85),82174.
56 Bano S,Mahmood A,Kim S J,et al.Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(5),2065.
57 Xia S J,Yao L J,Zhao Y,et al.Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,280,720.
58 Xue S M,Ji C H,Xu Z L,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2018,545,185.
59 Xie Q,Shao W,Zhang S,et al.RSC Advances,2017,7(86),54898.
60 Shao L,Cheng X Q,Wang Z X,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2014,452,82.
61 Ding R,Zhang H Q,Li Y F,et al.Chemical Engineering Science,2015,138,227.
62 Lee J,Jang J H,Chae H R,et al.Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(44),22053.
63 Kim S G,Hyeon D H,Chun J H,et al.Desalination and Water Treatment,2013,51(31-33),6338.
64 Chae H R,Lee C H,Park P K,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2017,525,99.
65 Park M J,Phuntsho S,He T,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,493,496.
66 Perreault F,Tousley M E,Elimelech M.Environmental Science & Techno-logy Letters,2014,1(1),71.
67 Hegab H M,Wimalasiri Y,Ginic-Markovic M,et al.Desalination,2015,365,99.
68 Xu G R,Wang S H,Zhao H L,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,493,428.
69 Wang Q,Guo X Y,Shao H Q,et al.Progress in Chemistry,2015,27(10),1470(in Chinese).王茜,郭晓燕,邵怀启,等.化学进展,2015,27(10),1470.
70 Dai H W,Xu Z J,Yang X N.Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2016,120(39),22585.
71 Tsou C H,An Q F,Lo S C,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,477,93.
72 Choi W,Choi J,Bang J,et al.ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2013,5(23),12510.
73 Wang N X,Ji S L,Zhang G J,et al.Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,213,318.
74 Nan Q,Li P,Cao B.Applied Surface Science,2016,387,521.
75 Wang T,Lu J R,Mao L L,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2016,515,125.
76 Zhao J,Zhu Y W,Pan F S,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2015,487,162.
77 Hu M,Mi B X.Journal of Membrane Science,2014,469,80.
78 Salehi H,Rastgar M,Shakeri A.Applied Surface Science,2017,413,99.
79 Hu M,Mi B X.Environmental Science & Technology,2013,47(8),3715.
80 Xia S J,Ni M,Zhu T R,et al.Desalination,2015,371,78.
81 Jiang Y,Wang W N,Liu D,et al.Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(11),6846.
82 Soroush A,Ma W,Silvino Y,et al.Environmental Science-Nano,2015,2(4),395.
83 Zhang Y,Zhang S,Chung T S.Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(16),10235.
84 Zhang Y,Zhang S,Gao J,et al.Journal of Membrane Science,2016,515,230.