纳秒水导激光加工木材工艺探讨
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摘要
【目的】研究纳秒水导激光加工木材工艺,探讨加工过程中加工方向、加工速度、输出功率、加工深度和热劣化现象等对加工质量的影响,获得使纳秒水导激光加工木材达到最佳加工效果各影响因素之间的关系,并论证其加工工艺的可行性。【方法】在对现有激光加工技术的加工工艺和原理进行调查、分析和研究的基础上,设计并制造出木材纳秒水导激光加工试验台。介绍试验台的总体布局原则、试验方法及各部分的主要功能,详细阐述试验台主要组成部分——纳秒激光数控加工试验台、传动试验台的组成和功能,并分析研究纳秒水导激光加工木材的基本原理和微观现象;进行纳秒水导激光加工木材试验,试验过程中随时记录每条加工直线附近产生的现象,加工后多次测量每条直线加工深度并取平均值,绘制顺纹理方向加工速度与加工深度关系、垂直纹理方向加工速度与加工深度关系以及输出功率与加工深度关系曲线。【结果】当输出功率不变时,加工深度随着加工速度增加总体呈双曲线减少的变化规律;当加工速度不变时,加工深度随着输出功率增大而增大;当输出功率较高时,加工深度不会随着输出功率增大而增大,反而呈现出逐渐减小的趋势或保持不变;加工过程中会有炭化现象产生,炭化程度随着加工速度降低和加工深度增加而加重;当加工木材的材质不同时,加工效果存在一定差别,硬质木材的加工效果相对好于软质木材,炭化程度相对较低,加工深度相对较小,加工曲线大致相同,只是曲率存在一定差别。【结论】利用纳秒水导激光加工木材,应严格控制加工速度、输出功率和加工深度之间的关系。当加工深度较大时,应适当增大加工速度,否则加工点附近会有炭化现象产生。纳秒水导激光加工木材工艺具有一定的可行性。
【Objective】 This study investigated the wood processing technology by nanosecond water guide laser. The influence of processing direction,processing speed,output power,processing depth and thermal degradation on processing quality were discussed,the relationship between the influencing factors that lead to the optimal processing by nanosecond water guide laser were obtained,and the feasibility of the processing technology was demonstrated.【Method】On the basis of investigation,analysis and research on the processing technology and principle of existing laser technology,a test bench that wood can be processed by nanosecond water guide laser was designed and manufactured. In this paper,the general layout principle,the experimental method and the main functions of the main components are introduced,and the main components— the transmission test bench and function of the nanosecond laser NC machining are described in detail. And the basic principle and microscopic phenomenon of the wood processed by nanosecond water guide laser are analyzed and studied. During the wood processed by nanosecond water guide lasler,the phenomenon that produced near each processing line was recorded. After processing,the processing depth of each line was measured. To draw the graph of relationship between processing speed and processing depth in texture direction,graph of relationship between processing speed and processing depth in vertical texture direction and graph of relationship between output power and processing depth.【Result】Through the analysis of the experimental data,when output power is certain,the processing depth decreases in hyperbolic curve with the increase of processing speed. When the processing speed is certain,the processing depth increases with the increase of the output power,when the output power is higher,processing depth will not increase withthe increase of the output power but show a gradually decreasing trend. During the process of processing,the charring phenomenon may produce,and the charring degree will increase with the increase of processing speed and the decrease of processing depth. In the process when the wood materials are different,the processing result will also exist differences,the processing effect of hard wood is relatively better than that of soft wood,the charring degree is relatively lower,the processing depth is relatively shorter,the processing curve is roughly the same,and a certain difference in the curvature exists.【Conclusion】 In the processing,the relationship between the processing speed,output power and processing depth should be strictly controlled. When processing depth was large,it should be appropriate to enlarge the processing speed,otherwise it will produce charring. Experiments showed that the processing technology of the wood processed by nanosecond water guide laser has certain feasibility.
【Objective】 This study investigated the wood processing technology by nanosecond water guide laser. The influence of processing direction,processing speed,output power,processing depth and thermal degradation on processing quality were discussed,the relationship between the influencing factors that lead to the optimal processing by nanosecond water guide laser were obtained,and the feasibility of the processing technology was demonstrated.【Method】On the basis of investigation,analysis and research on the processing technology and principle of existing laser technology,a test bench that wood can be processed by nanosecond water guide laser was designed and manufactured. In this paper,the general layout principle,the experimental method and the main functions of the main components are introduced,and the main components— the transmission test bench and function of the nanosecond laser NC machining are described in detail. And the basic principle and microscopic phenomenon of the wood processed by nanosecond water guide laser are analyzed and studied. During the wood processed by nanosecond water guide lasler,the phenomenon that produced near each processing line was recorded. After processing,the processing depth of each line was measured. To draw the graph of relationship between processing speed and processing depth in texture direction,graph of relationship between processing speed and processing depth in vertical texture direction and graph of relationship between output power and processing depth.【Result】Through the analysis of the experimental data,when output power is certain,the processing depth decreases in hyperbolic curve with the increase of processing speed. When the processing speed is certain,the processing depth increases with the increase of the output power,when the output power is higher,processing depth will not increase withthe increase of the output power but show a gradually decreasing trend. During the process of processing,the charring phenomenon may produce,and the charring degree will increase with the increase of processing speed and the decrease of processing depth. In the process when the wood materials are different,the processing result will also exist differences,the processing effect of hard wood is relatively better than that of soft wood,the charring degree is relatively lower,the processing depth is relatively shorter,the processing curve is roughly the same,and a certain difference in the curvature exists.【Conclusion】 In the processing,the relationship between the processing speed,output power and processing depth should be strictly controlled. When processing depth was large,it should be appropriate to enlarge the processing speed,otherwise it will produce charring. Experiments showed that the processing technology of the wood processed by nanosecond water guide laser has certain feasibility.
引文
崔承云,崔熙贵,石贵峰.2014.激光雕刻非金属固体材料的表面形貌.红外与激光工程,43(12):3932-3936.(Cui C Y,Cui X G,Shi G F.2014.Surface morphology of non-metallic solid materials after laser carving.Infrared and Laser Engineering,43(12):3932-3936.[in Chinese])
贾威,罗义鸣,宋有建,等.2015.脉冲激光加工高分子材料.纳米技术与精密工程,13(3):205-210.(Jia W,Luo Y M,Song Y J,et al.2015.Laser micromachining of polymer.Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering,13(3):205-210.[in Chinese])
姜新波,李晋哲,白岩,等.2016.激光切割木材试验及其加工质量的影响因素分析.激光与光电子学进展,(3):134-138.(Jiang X B,Li J Z,Bai Y,et al.2016.Laser cutting wood test and influencing factors of processing quality.Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,(3):134-138.[in Chinese])
李灵.2008.水导激光微细加工技术研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文.(Li L.2008.Study on water-jet guided laser micromachining technology.Harbin:Ph D thesis of Harbin Institute of Technology.[in Chinese])
刘春阳.2008.纳秒脉冲激光微加工系统的设计与研究.天津:天津大学硕士学位论文.(Liu C Y.2008.Design&Research of nanosecond pulse laser micromachining system.Tianjin:MS thesis of Tianjin University.[in Chinese])
马岩,吴全会,杨春梅.2013.物理法制取微纤丝实验部件设备研究.木材加工机械,24(3):30-39.(Ma Y,Wu Q H,Yang C M,et al.2013.Study on the microfibril experimental preparation equipment.Wood Processing Machinery,24(3):30-39.[in Chinese])
马洪斌.2002.木材SLS加工机理和木制品RPM制造理论研究.哈尔滨:东北林业大学硕士学位论文.(Ma H B.2002.Study on the processing mechanism of wood SLS and the manufacturing theory of RPM of wood products.Harbin:MSthesis of Northeast Forestry University.[in Chinese])
任洪娥,宋爽,白岩,等.2014.纳秒激光刨切微纳米木纤维的工艺技术研究.木材加工机械,25(1):5-7.(Ren H E,Song S,Bai Y,et al.2014.Study on the process technology of nanosecond laser for cutting micro-nano wood fiber.Wood Processing Machinery,25(1):5-7.[in Chinese])
申宗圻.1998.木材学.北京:中国林业出版社,327-328.(Shen Z Q.1998.Wood science.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,327-328.[in Chinese])
孙玲芳,严椿绶.2000.激光技术在木材切割中的应用.林业机械与木工设备,(5):11-15.(Sun L F,Yan C S.2000.Application of laser in wood cutting.Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment,(5):11-15.[in Chinese])
唐霞辉.2015.激光加工技术的应用现状及发展趋势.金属加工:热加工,(4):16-19.(Tang X H.2015.Application status and development trend of laser processing technology.MW Metal Forming,(4):16-19.[in Chinese])
吴帅,于志明.2008.木材炭化技术的发展趋势.中国人造板,(5):3-6.(Wu S,Yu Z M.2008.Review on current situation and developing trend of wood carbonization technology.China Wood-Based Panels,(5):3-6.[in Chinese])
吴哲,杨春梅,马岩,等.2015.纳秒脉冲激光在木材表面加工中的应用研究.机械制造,53(609):44-46.(Wu Z,Yang C M,Ma Y,et al.2015.Application of nanosecond pulse laser to wood surface processing.Machinery,53(609):44-46.[in Chinese])
谢小柱,胡伟.2008.激光切割模切板的参数研究.机械工程师,(6):25-26.(Xie X Z,Hu W.2008.Study on parameters of laser cutting die cutting board.Mechanical Engineer,(6):25-26.[in Chinese])
杨春梅,吕宏,马岩.2008.纤维微米切削理论与微米木纤维形成机理研究.林业机械与木工设备,36(5):22-24.(Yang C M,LüH,Ma Y.2008.Research on the formation mechanism of fiber micron cutting theory and micron wood fiber.Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment,36(5):22-24.[in Chinese])
于鸣,宋爽,姜士辉,等.2015.纳秒激光加热爆破木材表面细胞的理论研究.林业机械与木工设备,43(2):30-32.(Yu M,Song S,Jiang S H,et al.2015.Theory research of wood surface cells explosion heated by nanosecond laser.Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment,43(2):30-32.[in Chinese])
直妍.2014.激光技术在材料加工中的应用与发展趋势.热加工工艺,43(1):22-23.(Zhi Y.2014.Application and development trend of laser technology in material processing.Hot Working Technology,43(1):22-23.[in Chinese])
钟敏霖,刘文今.2008.国际激光材料加工研究的主导领域与热点.中国激光,(11):1653-1659.(Zhong M L,Liu W J.2008.Leading areas and hot topics on global laser materials processing research.Chinese Journal of Lasers,(11):1653-1659.[in Chinese])
Eltawahni H A,Olabi A G,Benyounis K Y.2011.Investigating the CO2laser cutting parameters of MDF wood composite material.Optics&Laser Technology,34(3):648-659.
Hernández-Casta1eda J C,Sezer H K,Li L.2011.The effect of moisture content in fiber laser cutting of pine wood.Optics and Lasers in Engineering,49(9/10):1139-1152.
贾威,罗义鸣,宋有建,等.2015.脉冲激光加工高分子材料.纳米技术与精密工程,13(3):205-210.(Jia W,Luo Y M,Song Y J,et al.2015.Laser micromachining of polymer.Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering,13(3):205-210.[in Chinese])
姜新波,李晋哲,白岩,等.2016.激光切割木材试验及其加工质量的影响因素分析.激光与光电子学进展,(3):134-138.(Jiang X B,Li J Z,Bai Y,et al.2016.Laser cutting wood test and influencing factors of processing quality.Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,(3):134-138.[in Chinese])
李灵.2008.水导激光微细加工技术研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文.(Li L.2008.Study on water-jet guided laser micromachining technology.Harbin:Ph D thesis of Harbin Institute of Technology.[in Chinese])
刘春阳.2008.纳秒脉冲激光微加工系统的设计与研究.天津:天津大学硕士学位论文.(Liu C Y.2008.Design&Research of nanosecond pulse laser micromachining system.Tianjin:MS thesis of Tianjin University.[in Chinese])
马岩,吴全会,杨春梅.2013.物理法制取微纤丝实验部件设备研究.木材加工机械,24(3):30-39.(Ma Y,Wu Q H,Yang C M,et al.2013.Study on the microfibril experimental preparation equipment.Wood Processing Machinery,24(3):30-39.[in Chinese])
马洪斌.2002.木材SLS加工机理和木制品RPM制造理论研究.哈尔滨:东北林业大学硕士学位论文.(Ma H B.2002.Study on the processing mechanism of wood SLS and the manufacturing theory of RPM of wood products.Harbin:MSthesis of Northeast Forestry University.[in Chinese])
任洪娥,宋爽,白岩,等.2014.纳秒激光刨切微纳米木纤维的工艺技术研究.木材加工机械,25(1):5-7.(Ren H E,Song S,Bai Y,et al.2014.Study on the process technology of nanosecond laser for cutting micro-nano wood fiber.Wood Processing Machinery,25(1):5-7.[in Chinese])
申宗圻.1998.木材学.北京:中国林业出版社,327-328.(Shen Z Q.1998.Wood science.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,327-328.[in Chinese])
孙玲芳,严椿绶.2000.激光技术在木材切割中的应用.林业机械与木工设备,(5):11-15.(Sun L F,Yan C S.2000.Application of laser in wood cutting.Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment,(5):11-15.[in Chinese])
唐霞辉.2015.激光加工技术的应用现状及发展趋势.金属加工:热加工,(4):16-19.(Tang X H.2015.Application status and development trend of laser processing technology.MW Metal Forming,(4):16-19.[in Chinese])
吴帅,于志明.2008.木材炭化技术的发展趋势.中国人造板,(5):3-6.(Wu S,Yu Z M.2008.Review on current situation and developing trend of wood carbonization technology.China Wood-Based Panels,(5):3-6.[in Chinese])
吴哲,杨春梅,马岩,等.2015.纳秒脉冲激光在木材表面加工中的应用研究.机械制造,53(609):44-46.(Wu Z,Yang C M,Ma Y,et al.2015.Application of nanosecond pulse laser to wood surface processing.Machinery,53(609):44-46.[in Chinese])
谢小柱,胡伟.2008.激光切割模切板的参数研究.机械工程师,(6):25-26.(Xie X Z,Hu W.2008.Study on parameters of laser cutting die cutting board.Mechanical Engineer,(6):25-26.[in Chinese])
杨春梅,吕宏,马岩.2008.纤维微米切削理论与微米木纤维形成机理研究.林业机械与木工设备,36(5):22-24.(Yang C M,LüH,Ma Y.2008.Research on the formation mechanism of fiber micron cutting theory and micron wood fiber.Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment,36(5):22-24.[in Chinese])
于鸣,宋爽,姜士辉,等.2015.纳秒激光加热爆破木材表面细胞的理论研究.林业机械与木工设备,43(2):30-32.(Yu M,Song S,Jiang S H,et al.2015.Theory research of wood surface cells explosion heated by nanosecond laser.Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment,43(2):30-32.[in Chinese])
直妍.2014.激光技术在材料加工中的应用与发展趋势.热加工工艺,43(1):22-23.(Zhi Y.2014.Application and development trend of laser technology in material processing.Hot Working Technology,43(1):22-23.[in Chinese])
钟敏霖,刘文今.2008.国际激光材料加工研究的主导领域与热点.中国激光,(11):1653-1659.(Zhong M L,Liu W J.2008.Leading areas and hot topics on global laser materials processing research.Chinese Journal of Lasers,(11):1653-1659.[in Chinese])
Eltawahni H A,Olabi A G,Benyounis K Y.2011.Investigating the CO2laser cutting parameters of MDF wood composite material.Optics&Laser Technology,34(3):648-659.
Hernández-Casta1eda J C,Sezer H K,Li L.2011.The effect of moisture content in fiber laser cutting of pine wood.Optics and Lasers in Engineering,49(9/10):1139-1152.