济阳坳陷泥页岩细粒沉积体系
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摘要
泥页岩细粒沉积体系是当前沉积学研究的前沿之一。以济阳坳陷沙河街组四段(沙四段)上亚段—沙河街组三段(沙三段)下亚段的细粒泥页岩为例,应用岩心描述、薄片观察和地球化学测试等方法研究了湖相泥页岩的细粒沉积体系,认为济阳坳陷沙四段上亚段—沙三段下亚段的泥页岩为相对稳定水体环境下的机械—生物化学混积作用的产物。基于沙四段上亚段—沙三段下亚段泥页岩的组分主要由他生盆外陆源碎屑岩和自生盆内碳酸盐岩构成的特点,先以物质来源为主要依据,将细粒沉积体系划分为外源相、混源相和内源相;进而以沉积动力和岩相的有序组合为主要依据,结合古地形,将外源相划分为斜坡边缘亚相和外斜坡亚相、混源相划分为内斜坡亚相和深洼亚相、内源相划分为水下隆起亚相和浅洼亚相。沉积体系在纵向上受沉积环境的演化控制,随着气候由干旱向潮湿演化,物源注入增强,由下至上依次发育内源相、混源相和外源相;横向上,盆地短轴方向受碎屑物源对称供给的影响,沉积相具有对称分布的特征,从缓坡至陡坡带依次发育外源相—混源相—内源相—混源相—外源相;平面上,受古物源、古盐度和古水深等控制,沉积相大致以盆地几何中心为核心呈环带状分布,内源相主要分布在水下隆起和浅洼区,混源相主要发育在半深湖区,外源相主要分布在粗碎屑沉积体系的边缘。
The study on fine sedimentary system of mud shale is the frontier of sedimentology.Taking the fine-grained mud shale from the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Jiyang depression as an example,using core description,thin section observation,geochemical tests and other methods,this paper investigates the fine-grained sedimentary system of lacustrine shale.It is considered that the mud shale from the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Jiyang depression is a product of the combined action of mechanical and biochemical mixed sedimentation under the relatively stable water environment.Based on the basic characteristics of mud shale in this study area mainly composed of allogenic terrestrial clastic rocks outside the basin and authigenic carbonate rocks inside the basin,the sedimentary facies are divided to exogenous facies,hybrid-source facies and the endogenous facies according to the material sources.Furthermore,mainly based on the orderly combination of sedimentary dynamics and lithofacies,in combination with the paleo-topography,the exogenous facies is divided into slope edge subfacies and outer slope subfacies;the hybrid-source facies is divided into inner slope subfacies and deep sag subfacies;the endogenous facies is divided into underwater bulge subfacies and panland subfacies.The sedimentary system is controlled by the evolution of sedimentary environment vertically.As the climate evolves from drought to moisture,the material source injection is enhanced.From bottom to top,endogenous facies,hybrid-source facies,and exogenous facies are developed.In the lateral direction,due to the symmetric supply of material source along the short axis of the basin,the sedimentary facies are characterized by symmetric distribution.From the gentle slope to the steep slope,the exogenous facies,hybrid-source facies,endogenous facies,hybid-source facies,exogenous facies are developed successively.In plane view,controlled by paleo-provenance,paleo-salinity and paleo water depth,the sedimentary facies is roughly distributed around the geometric center of the basin and distributed in a ring-like shape.The endogenous facies is mainly distributed in the underwater bulge and panland,the hybrid-source facies is mainly developed in the semi-deep lake area,and the exogenous facies is mainly distributed on the edge of coarse clastic rock system.
The study on fine sedimentary system of mud shale is the frontier of sedimentology.Taking the fine-grained mud shale from the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Jiyang depression as an example,using core description,thin section observation,geochemical tests and other methods,this paper investigates the fine-grained sedimentary system of lacustrine shale.It is considered that the mud shale from the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Jiyang depression is a product of the combined action of mechanical and biochemical mixed sedimentation under the relatively stable water environment.Based on the basic characteristics of mud shale in this study area mainly composed of allogenic terrestrial clastic rocks outside the basin and authigenic carbonate rocks inside the basin,the sedimentary facies are divided to exogenous facies,hybrid-source facies and the endogenous facies according to the material sources.Furthermore,mainly based on the orderly combination of sedimentary dynamics and lithofacies,in combination with the paleo-topography,the exogenous facies is divided into slope edge subfacies and outer slope subfacies;the hybrid-source facies is divided into inner slope subfacies and deep sag subfacies;the endogenous facies is divided into underwater bulge subfacies and panland subfacies.The sedimentary system is controlled by the evolution of sedimentary environment vertically.As the climate evolves from drought to moisture,the material source injection is enhanced.From bottom to top,endogenous facies,hybrid-source facies,and exogenous facies are developed.In the lateral direction,due to the symmetric supply of material source along the short axis of the basin,the sedimentary facies are characterized by symmetric distribution.From the gentle slope to the steep slope,the exogenous facies,hybrid-source facies,endogenous facies,hybid-source facies,exogenous facies are developed successively.In plane view,controlled by paleo-provenance,paleo-salinity and paleo water depth,the sedimentary facies is roughly distributed around the geometric center of the basin and distributed in a ring-like shape.The endogenous facies is mainly distributed in the underwater bulge and panland,the hybrid-source facies is mainly developed in the semi-deep lake area,and the exogenous facies is mainly distributed on the edge of coarse clastic rock system.
引文
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[2]周立君,侯贵卿.深水黑色页岩的沉积过程[J].海洋石油,2002(3):75-80.ZHOU Lijun,HOU Guiqing.Depositional processes of black shales in deep water[J].Offshore Oil,2002(3):75-80.
[3]邓宏文,钱凯.深湖相泥岩的成因类型和组合演化[J].沉积学报,1990,8(3):1-21.DENG Hongwen,QIAN Kai.The genetic types and association evolution of deep lacustrine facies mudstones[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1990,8(3):1-21.
[4]李延钧,赵圣贤,黄勇斌,等.四川盆地南部下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩沉积微相研究[J].地质学报,2013,87(8):1136-1148.LI Yanjun,ZHAO Shengxian,HUANG Yongbin,et al.The sedimentary micro-facies study of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(8):1136-1148.
[5]刘惠民,于炳松,谢忠怀,等.陆相湖盆富有机质页岩微相特征及对页岩油富集的指示意义——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(12):1328-1343.LIU Huimin,YU Bingsong,XIE Zhonghuai,et al.Characteristics and implications of micro-lithofacies in lacustrine-basin organicrich shale:a case study of Jiyang depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(12):1328-1343.
[6]LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C.Mississippian Barnett Shale:lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007:91(4):579-601.
[7]FAIRBANKS M D.High resolution stratigraphy and facies architecture of the Upper Cretaceous(Cenomanian-Turonian)Eagle Ford group,central Texas[D].Austin,Texas:The University of Texas at Austin,2012.
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[9]张顺,陈世悦,谭明友,等.东营凹陷西部沙河街组三段下亚段泥页岩沉积微相[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):633-645.ZHANG Shun,CHEN Shiyue,TAN Mingyou,et al.Characterization of sedimentary microfacies of shale in the lower third submember of Shahejie Formation,western Dongying sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):633-645.
[10]蒲秀刚,时战楠,韩文中,等.陆相湖盆细粒沉积区页岩层系石油地质特征与油气发现——以黄骅坳陷沧东凹陷孔二段为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2019,26(1):46-58.PU Xiugang,SHI Zhannan,HAN Wenzhong,et al.Petroleum geological characteristics and hydrocarbon discovery of shale system in fine-grained sedimentary area of lacustrine basin:a case study of Kong2 Member in Cangdong sag,Huanghua depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2019,26(1):46-58.
[11]张斌,何媛媛,陈琰,等.柴达木盆地西部咸化湖相优质烃源岩形成机理[J].石油学报,2018,39(6):674-685.ZHANG Bin,HE Yuanyuan,CHEN Yan,et al.Formation mechanism of excellent saline lacustrine source rocks in western Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(6):674-685.
[12]王超,张柏桥,陆永潮,等.焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组一段页岩岩相展布特征及发育主控因素[J].石油学报,2018,39(6):631-644.WANG Chao,ZHANG Baiqiao,LU Yongchao,et al.Lithofacies distribution characteristics and main development controlling factors of shale in Wufeng Formation-Member 1 of Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(6):631-644.
[13]刘启贞,李九发,陆维昌等.河口细颗粒泥沙有机絮凝的研究综述及机理评述[J].海洋通报,2006,25(2):74-80.LIU Qizhen,Li Jiufa,LU Weichang,et al.Review on the organicflocculation of fine sediments in estuaries[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2006,25(2):74-80.
[14]王勇,宋国奇,刘惠民,等.济阳坳陷细粒沉积岩形成环境及沉积构造[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(3):7-14.WANG Yong,SONG Guoqi,LIU Huimin,et al.Formation environment and sedimentary structures of fine-grained sedimentary rock in Jiyang depression[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2015,39(3):7-14.
[15]王勇,刘惠民,宋国奇,等.湖相泥页岩中碳酸盐成因及页岩油气地质意义—以东营凹陷沙河街组四段上亚段—沙河街组三段下亚段烃源岩为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(12):1390-1400.WANG Yong,LIU Huimin,SONG Guoqi,et al.Carbonate genesis and geological significance of shale hydrocarbon in lacustrine facies mud shale:a case study of source rocks in the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation,Dongying sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(12):1390-1400.
[16]邓宏文,钱凯.沉积地球化学与环境分析[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1993:78-94.DENG Hongwen,QIAN Kai.Sedimentary geochemistry and environmental analysis[M].Lanzhou:Gansu Science &Technique Press,1993:78-94.
[17]中国科学院兰州地质研究所,中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院微生物研究所,等.青海湖综合考察报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.Lanzhou Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Hydrobiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Microbiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,et al.Comprehensive inspection report of Qinghai lake[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979.
[18]曾允孚,夏文杰.沉积岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:112-115.ZENG Yunfu,XIA Wenjie.Sedimentary petrology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1986:112-115.
[19]SELLEY R C.An introduction to sedimentology[M].London:Academic Press,1976.
[20]FRIEDMAN G M,SANDERS J E.Principles of sedimentology[M].New York:John Wiley &Sons,1978.
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