全断面隧道掘进机护盾受力监测及卡机预警
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摘要
全断面隧道掘进机(简称TBM)在穿越深部软弱地层时围岩收敛变形较大,围岩容易挤压护盾,导致TBM卡机,影响TBM正常掘进。通过分析TBM卡机灾害孕育过程,得到了预测TBM卡机的重要条件:一是围岩变形量大于预留的空间,二是额定推力不能克服摩擦阻力。为了监测实际工程TBM卡机状态,提出了一种监测护盾变形的方案以及护盾受力的计算方法,可通过监测得到的变形估算护盾的受力,进而计算出护盾受到的摩擦阻力,得到TBM卡机的状态。根据TBM受到的摩擦阻力、TBM正常掘进时所需推力和TBM额定推力之间的关系,将TBM卡机状态分为4个等级,即无卡机、轻微卡机、卡机和严重卡机,并提出了对应的处理措施。结合TBM卡机条件以及护盾受力监测方案,提出了TBM卡机灾害预警流程。在兰州水源地输水隧洞工程中应用了该监测方案和卡机灾害预警流程,应用结果表明,预测的卡机状态与TBM实际状态基本一致,说明该方法具有一定的可靠性,对指导TBM隧道施工具有重要意义。
The deformation of surrounding rock tunnelling by tunnel boring machine(TBM) is normally large when the tunnel passes through the deep and weak layer. The TBM shield is squeezed easily by the surrounding rock, which further results in the TBM jamming and influences the operation of TBM. By analyzing the mechanism of TBM shield jamming problems, two important conditions for forecasting TBM jamming are concluded. One is that the deformation of the surrounding rock is greater than the reserved space, and the other is that the rated thrust force cannot overcome the frictional resistance. For monitoring the jamming state of the actual TBM engineering, this study is to propose a scheme of monitoring the deformation of the TBM shield and a method of calculating the pressure of the shield. The extrusion force between the surrounding rock and the shield can be estimated, then the frictional resistance of TBM is calculated, and the state of the TBM jamming can be achieved. According to the relation between TBM frictional resistance force for excavating and the TBM rated thrust, the state of the TBM jamming can be divided into four grades: no jamming, minor jamming, jamming and severe jamming, and the corresponding treatment measures are suggested. At last, the flowchart of warning of the TBM jamming is developed by combining the monitoring scheme with the conditions of TBM jamming. The flowchart and the scheme of monitoring the deformation are successfully applied to Lanzhou water conveyance tunnel engineering, and it is found that the predicted jamming state is nearly the same as the actual state, and thus this method has certain reliability and attaches great importance to TBM tunnelling construction.
The deformation of surrounding rock tunnelling by tunnel boring machine(TBM) is normally large when the tunnel passes through the deep and weak layer. The TBM shield is squeezed easily by the surrounding rock, which further results in the TBM jamming and influences the operation of TBM. By analyzing the mechanism of TBM shield jamming problems, two important conditions for forecasting TBM jamming are concluded. One is that the deformation of the surrounding rock is greater than the reserved space, and the other is that the rated thrust force cannot overcome the frictional resistance. For monitoring the jamming state of the actual TBM engineering, this study is to propose a scheme of monitoring the deformation of the TBM shield and a method of calculating the pressure of the shield. The extrusion force between the surrounding rock and the shield can be estimated, then the frictional resistance of TBM is calculated, and the state of the TBM jamming can be achieved. According to the relation between TBM frictional resistance force for excavating and the TBM rated thrust, the state of the TBM jamming can be divided into four grades: no jamming, minor jamming, jamming and severe jamming, and the corresponding treatment measures are suggested. At last, the flowchart of warning of the TBM jamming is developed by combining the monitoring scheme with the conditions of TBM jamming. The flowchart and the scheme of monitoring the deformation are successfully applied to Lanzhou water conveyance tunnel engineering, and it is found that the predicted jamming state is nearly the same as the actual state, and thus this method has certain reliability and attaches great importance to TBM tunnelling construction.
引文
[1]黄兴.超千米生井岩石巷道全断面掘进机(RBM)卡机机理及预测防治[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2011.HUANG Xing.Jamming mechanism of full tunnel boring machine and its prediction and control over thousand-meter depths[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011
[2]刘泉声,黄兴,时凯,等.煤矿超千米深部全断面岩石巷道掘进机的提出及关键岩石力学问题[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(12):2006-2013.LIU Quan-sheng,HUANG Xing,SHI Kai,et al.Utilization of full face roadway boring machine in coal mines deeper than 1 000 m and the key rock mechanics problems[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(12):2006-2013.
[3]尚彦军,杨志法,曾庆利,等.TBM施工遇险工程地质问题分析和失误的反思[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2405-2411.SHANG Yan-jun,YANG Zhi-fa,ZENG Qing-li,et al.Retrospective analysis of TBM accidents from its poor flexibility to complicated geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2405-2411.
[4]尚彦军,史永跃,曾庆利,等.昆明上公山隧道复杂地质条件下TBM卡机及护盾变形问题分析和对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(21):3858-3863.SHANG Yan-jun,SHI Yong-yue,ZENG Qing-li,et al.TBM jamming and deformation in complication geological conditions and engineering measures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(21):3858-3863.
[5]刘波.全断面双护盾掘进机在引黄工程断层破碎带的卡机及处理[J].山西水利科技,2007(2):13-15.LIU Bo.Treatment of seizing machine of double shield TBM in cracked faulted zone of tunnel of YRDP[J].Shanxi Hydro-technics,2007,(2):13-15.
[6]FARROKH E,MORTAZAVI A,SHAMSI G.Evaluation of ground convergence and squeezing potential in the TBM driven Ghomroud tunnel project[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(5):504-510.
[7]HOEK E,BROWN E T.Practical estimate of rock mass strength[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(8):1165-1186.
[8]BARLA G.Squeezing rocks in tunnels[J].ISRM News Journal,1995,2(3/4):44-49.
[9]AYDAN O,AKAGI T,KAWAMOTO T.The squeezing potential of rocks around tunnels:theory and prediction with examples taken from Japan[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1996,29(3):125-143.
[10]MALAN D F.Simulating the time-dependent behavior of excavations in hard rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2002,35(4):225-254.
[11]KOLYMBAS D,FELLIN W,KIRSCH A.Squeezing due to stress relaxation in foliated rock[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2006,30(13):1357-1367.
[12]陈宗基.地下巷道长期稳定的力学问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):1-20.CHEN Zong-ji.Mechanics problems of longterm stability of underground tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1982,1(1):1-20.
[13]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.HE Man-chao,JING Hai-he,SUN Xiao-ming.Engineering mechanics of soft rocks[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.
[14]BRIDGMAN P W.Volume changes in the plastic stages of simple compression[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1949,20(12):1241-1251.
[15]许东俊,李小春,蔡忠理,等.应力状态与岩石扩容特性[J].岩土力学,1992,13(2/3):37-44.XU Dong-jun,LI Xiao-chun,CAI Zhong-li,et al.Stress state and dilatancy property of rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1992,13(2/3):37-44.
[16]靖洪文,李世平,牟宾善.零围压下岩石剪胀性能的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(1):19-22.JING Hong-wen,LI Shi-ping,MU Bin-shan.Experimental study on the dilatancy nature of rocks under zero confining pressure[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1998,27(1):19-22.
[17]刘泉声,黄兴,时凯,等.超千米深埋隧道全断面岩石掘进机卡机机理[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(1):78-84.LIU Quan-sheng,HUANG Xing,SHI Kai,et al.Jamming mechanism of full face tunnel boring machine in over thousand meter depths[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(1):78-84.
[18]刘泉声,黄兴,时凯,等.深部挤压性地层TBM掘进卡机孕育致灾机理[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):75-82.LIU Quan-sheng,HUANG Xing,SHI Kai,et al.The mechanism of TBM shield jamming disaster tunneling through deep squeezing ground[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):75-82.
[19]黄兴,潘玉丛,刘建平,等.TBM掘进围岩挤压大变形机理与本构模型[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1245-1256.HUANG Xing,PANG Yu-cong,LIU Jian-ping,et al.Mechanism and constitutive model of large squeezing deformation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1245-1256.
[20]黄兴,刘泉声,刘滨,等.TBM围岩挤压大变形特性分析与等级划分[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):260-266.HUANG Xing,LIU Quan-sheng,LIU Bin,et al.Study on the properties of TBM surrounding rock large squeezing deformation and its grading[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):260-266.
[21]黄兴,刘泉声,彭星新,等.引大济湟工程TBM挤压大变形卡机计算分析与综合防控[J].岩土力学,2017,38(10):2962-2973.HUANG Xing,LIU Quan-sheng,PENG Xing-xin,et al.Analysis and comprehensive prevention-control for TBM jamming induced by squeezing deformation of surrounding rock around water diversion tunnel from Datong river into Huangshui river[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(10):2962-2973.
[22]程建龙,杨圣奇,潘玉丛,等.挤压地层双护盾TBM围岩变形及应力场特征分析[J].岩土力学,2016,37(Supp.1):371-380.CHENG Jian-long,YANG Sheng-qi,PAN Yu-cong,et al.Study of features of surrounding rock deformation and stress field in squeezing ground excavation by double shield TBM[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(Supp.1):371-380.
[23]程建龙,杨圣奇,李学华,等.位移释放率对双护盾TBM护盾压力的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1399-1407.CHENG Jian-long,YANG Sheng-qi,LI Xue-hua,et al.Impact of longitudinal displacement profile relaxation on contract force acted on double shield TBM in squeezing ground[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(5):1399-1407.
[24]程建龙,杨圣奇,杜立坤,等.复合地层中双护盾TBM与围岩相互作用机制三维数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):511-523.CHENG Jian-long,YANG Sheng-qi,DU Li-kun,et al.Three-dimensional numerical simulation on interaction between double-shield TBM and surrounding rock mass in composite ground[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):511-523.
[25]温森,杨圣奇,董正方,等.深埋隧道TBM卡机机理及控制措施研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(7):1271-1277.WEN Sen,YANG Sheng-qi,DONG Zheng-fang,et al.TBM jamming mechanism and control measures in deep buried tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(7):1271-1277.
[26]张新伟,陈馈.双护盾掘进机脱困技术[J].盾构工程,2010,(6):64-67.ZHANG Xin-wei,CHEN Kui.Jamming releasing technology of TBM double-shield TBM[J].Shield Equipment and Project,2010,(6):64-67.
[27]王江.引水隧洞双护盾TBM卡机分析及脱困技术[J].隧道建设,2011,31(3):364-368.WANG Jiang.Analysis on jamming of double-shield TBM in construction of water diversion tunnel and jamming releasing technology[J].Tunnel Construction,2011,31(3):364-368
[2]刘泉声,黄兴,时凯,等.煤矿超千米深部全断面岩石巷道掘进机的提出及关键岩石力学问题[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(12):2006-2013.LIU Quan-sheng,HUANG Xing,SHI Kai,et al.Utilization of full face roadway boring machine in coal mines deeper than 1 000 m and the key rock mechanics problems[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(12):2006-2013.
[3]尚彦军,杨志法,曾庆利,等.TBM施工遇险工程地质问题分析和失误的反思[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2405-2411.SHANG Yan-jun,YANG Zhi-fa,ZENG Qing-li,et al.Retrospective analysis of TBM accidents from its poor flexibility to complicated geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2405-2411.
[4]尚彦军,史永跃,曾庆利,等.昆明上公山隧道复杂地质条件下TBM卡机及护盾变形问题分析和对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(21):3858-3863.SHANG Yan-jun,SHI Yong-yue,ZENG Qing-li,et al.TBM jamming and deformation in complication geological conditions and engineering measures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(21):3858-3863.
[5]刘波.全断面双护盾掘进机在引黄工程断层破碎带的卡机及处理[J].山西水利科技,2007(2):13-15.LIU Bo.Treatment of seizing machine of double shield TBM in cracked faulted zone of tunnel of YRDP[J].Shanxi Hydro-technics,2007,(2):13-15.
[6]FARROKH E,MORTAZAVI A,SHAMSI G.Evaluation of ground convergence and squeezing potential in the TBM driven Ghomroud tunnel project[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(5):504-510.
[7]HOEK E,BROWN E T.Practical estimate of rock mass strength[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(8):1165-1186.
[8]BARLA G.Squeezing rocks in tunnels[J].ISRM News Journal,1995,2(3/4):44-49.
[9]AYDAN O,AKAGI T,KAWAMOTO T.The squeezing potential of rocks around tunnels:theory and prediction with examples taken from Japan[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1996,29(3):125-143.
[10]MALAN D F.Simulating the time-dependent behavior of excavations in hard rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2002,35(4):225-254.
[11]KOLYMBAS D,FELLIN W,KIRSCH A.Squeezing due to stress relaxation in foliated rock[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2006,30(13):1357-1367.
[12]陈宗基.地下巷道长期稳定的力学问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):1-20.CHEN Zong-ji.Mechanics problems of longterm stability of underground tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1982,1(1):1-20.
[13]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.HE Man-chao,JING Hai-he,SUN Xiao-ming.Engineering mechanics of soft rocks[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.
[14]BRIDGMAN P W.Volume changes in the plastic stages of simple compression[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1949,20(12):1241-1251.
[15]许东俊,李小春,蔡忠理,等.应力状态与岩石扩容特性[J].岩土力学,1992,13(2/3):37-44.XU Dong-jun,LI Xiao-chun,CAI Zhong-li,et al.Stress state and dilatancy property of rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1992,13(2/3):37-44.
[16]靖洪文,李世平,牟宾善.零围压下岩石剪胀性能的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(1):19-22.JING Hong-wen,LI Shi-ping,MU Bin-shan.Experimental study on the dilatancy nature of rocks under zero confining pressure[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1998,27(1):19-22.
[17]刘泉声,黄兴,时凯,等.超千米深埋隧道全断面岩石掘进机卡机机理[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(1):78-84.LIU Quan-sheng,HUANG Xing,SHI Kai,et al.Jamming mechanism of full face tunnel boring machine in over thousand meter depths[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(1):78-84.
[18]刘泉声,黄兴,时凯,等.深部挤压性地层TBM掘进卡机孕育致灾机理[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):75-82.LIU Quan-sheng,HUANG Xing,SHI Kai,et al.The mechanism of TBM shield jamming disaster tunneling through deep squeezing ground[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):75-82.
[19]黄兴,潘玉丛,刘建平,等.TBM掘进围岩挤压大变形机理与本构模型[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1245-1256.HUANG Xing,PANG Yu-cong,LIU Jian-ping,et al.Mechanism and constitutive model of large squeezing deformation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1245-1256.
[20]黄兴,刘泉声,刘滨,等.TBM围岩挤压大变形特性分析与等级划分[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):260-266.HUANG Xing,LIU Quan-sheng,LIU Bin,et al.Study on the properties of TBM surrounding rock large squeezing deformation and its grading[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):260-266.
[21]黄兴,刘泉声,彭星新,等.引大济湟工程TBM挤压大变形卡机计算分析与综合防控[J].岩土力学,2017,38(10):2962-2973.HUANG Xing,LIU Quan-sheng,PENG Xing-xin,et al.Analysis and comprehensive prevention-control for TBM jamming induced by squeezing deformation of surrounding rock around water diversion tunnel from Datong river into Huangshui river[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(10):2962-2973.
[22]程建龙,杨圣奇,潘玉丛,等.挤压地层双护盾TBM围岩变形及应力场特征分析[J].岩土力学,2016,37(Supp.1):371-380.CHENG Jian-long,YANG Sheng-qi,PAN Yu-cong,et al.Study of features of surrounding rock deformation and stress field in squeezing ground excavation by double shield TBM[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(Supp.1):371-380.
[23]程建龙,杨圣奇,李学华,等.位移释放率对双护盾TBM护盾压力的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1399-1407.CHENG Jian-long,YANG Sheng-qi,LI Xue-hua,et al.Impact of longitudinal displacement profile relaxation on contract force acted on double shield TBM in squeezing ground[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(5):1399-1407.
[24]程建龙,杨圣奇,杜立坤,等.复合地层中双护盾TBM与围岩相互作用机制三维数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):511-523.CHENG Jian-long,YANG Sheng-qi,DU Li-kun,et al.Three-dimensional numerical simulation on interaction between double-shield TBM and surrounding rock mass in composite ground[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):511-523.
[25]温森,杨圣奇,董正方,等.深埋隧道TBM卡机机理及控制措施研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(7):1271-1277.WEN Sen,YANG Sheng-qi,DONG Zheng-fang,et al.TBM jamming mechanism and control measures in deep buried tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(7):1271-1277.
[26]张新伟,陈馈.双护盾掘进机脱困技术[J].盾构工程,2010,(6):64-67.ZHANG Xin-wei,CHEN Kui.Jamming releasing technology of TBM double-shield TBM[J].Shield Equipment and Project,2010,(6):64-67.
[27]王江.引水隧洞双护盾TBM卡机分析及脱困技术[J].隧道建设,2011,31(3):364-368.WANG Jiang.Analysis on jamming of double-shield TBM in construction of water diversion tunnel and jamming releasing technology[J].Tunnel Construction,2011,31(3):364-368