复杂土壤结构对杆塔接地装置冲击特性影响分析
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摘要
随着电网输送距离的增大,输电线路不可避免要跨域河流、山地等复杂地形,准确计算复杂土壤结构中杆塔接地装置的接地参数及其冲击散流特性是输电线路杆塔接地装置优化设计的基础。本文基于有限元数值计算方法,建立了考虑河流、山体的块状土壤结构模型,对接地装置散流过程土壤中电流密度和电场强度进行分析;并对河流与接地装置的距离、山体的坡度、山体顶面积对接地装置冲击接地电阻的影响进行定量的分析。结果表明:高土壤电阻率地区,接地装置与河流距离小于5 m时,河流对接地装置散流以及冲击接地电阻影响较明显;当山体顶面积为20 m×20 m时,坡度5°≤α≤75°,接地装置敷设于山顶和山侧时,接地装置冲击接地电阻值分别增加了79. 6%和32%,山体输电线路防雷设计应综合考虑山顶面积和坡度对接地装置散流和冲击接地电阻值的影响。
As the transmission distance of the power grid increases,the transmission line will inevitably have complex terrain such as rivers and mountains,accurately calculating the grounding device parameters and the impulse-dissipation characteristics of Ground Device for Pole and Tower in massive texture soil model is the basis for the optimal design of the transmission line tower grounding device. Based on the finite element numerical calculation method,massive texture soil model considering the river,the slope of mountain and mountain crown area is established,current density,electric field strength in soil are analyzed in detail. The influence of the distance between the river and the grounding device,the slope of the mountain and mountain crown area on the impulse grounding resistance on the grounding device are analyzed quantitatively. The results show that in high soil resistivity area,the grounding device and the distance of the river are less than 5 m,which should consider the influence of the river on the current flow process of grounding device and the impulse grounding resistance; When the mountain top area is 20 m × 20 m,slope to change within the range of 75° to 15° degrees,the grounding device installed on the top and side of mountain impact grounding resistance were increased by 79. 6% and 25%,lightning protection design of transmission line in mountain area should be integrated into the slope of the mountain and mountain top area of effect of grounding device diffuser and impulse grounding resistance.
As the transmission distance of the power grid increases,the transmission line will inevitably have complex terrain such as rivers and mountains,accurately calculating the grounding device parameters and the impulse-dissipation characteristics of Ground Device for Pole and Tower in massive texture soil model is the basis for the optimal design of the transmission line tower grounding device. Based on the finite element numerical calculation method,massive texture soil model considering the river,the slope of mountain and mountain crown area is established,current density,electric field strength in soil are analyzed in detail. The influence of the distance between the river and the grounding device,the slope of the mountain and mountain crown area on the impulse grounding resistance on the grounding device are analyzed quantitatively. The results show that in high soil resistivity area,the grounding device and the distance of the river are less than 5 m,which should consider the influence of the river on the current flow process of grounding device and the impulse grounding resistance; When the mountain top area is 20 m × 20 m,slope to change within the range of 75° to 15° degrees,the grounding device installed on the top and side of mountain impact grounding resistance were increased by 79. 6% and 25%,lightning protection design of transmission line in mountain area should be integrated into the slope of the mountain and mountain top area of effect of grounding device diffuser and impulse grounding resistance.
引文
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[5]丁健,陈光,丘文千,等.山体对变电站接地网接地性能的影响研究[J].能源工程,2008(3):1-3.DINGJian,CHEN Guang,QIU Wenqian,et al. Analysis of the influence of mountain oncharacters of substation's grounding systems[J]. Energy Engineering,2008(3):1-3.
[6]闫柯辛,张林俊,袁涛.两种典型地形对接地装置冲击特性的影响研究[C].重庆市电机工程学会学术会议,2012.
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[10]司马文霞,李晓丽,袁涛.考虑土壤非线性特性的接地网冲击特性分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(16):127-132.SI MAWenxia, LI Xiaoli, YUAN Tao. Analysis of grounding grid impulse characteristics in frequency domain inconsideration of soilnon-linear characteristic[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(16):127-132.
[11]张波,崔翔,赵志斌,等.计及导体互感的复杂接地网的频域分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):81-84,122.ZHANG Bo,CUI Xiang,ZHAOZhibin,et al. Analysis of the complex grounding grids in frequency domain considering mutual inductances[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(4):81-84,122.
[12]张波,崔翔,赵志斌,等.大型变电站接地网的频域分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):59-63.ZHANG Bo,CUI Xiang,ZHAOZhibin,et al. Analysis of grounding grids at large scale substations in frequency domain[J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering,2002,22(9):59-63.
[13] GRCEV L D. Computer analysis of transient voltages in large grounding systems[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on,1996,11(2):815-823.
[14]甘艳,阮江军,陈允平.一维有限元与三维有限元耦合法在接地网特性分析中的应用[J].电网技术,2004,28(9):62-66.GAN Yan,RUANJiangjun,CHEN Yunping. application of unidimensional finite element method(fem)coupled with three dimensional fem in characteristics analysis of grounding mesh property[J]. Power System Technology,2004,28(9):62-66.
[15]齐磊,崔翔,李慧奇.变电站接地网的频域有限元方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(6):62-66.QI Lei,CUI Xiang,LIHuiji. Finite element modeling of the substation grounding grids in frequecy domain[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(6):62-66.
[16]朱时阳,袁涛,朱彬.分层土壤中接地装置冲击散流特性的有限元分析模型[J].电网技术,2014,38(8):2304-2309.ZHUShiyang, YUAN Tao, ZHU Bin. Finite element model of impulse dispersing characteristics of grounding equipment in layered soil[J]. Power System Technology,2014,38(8):2304-2309.
[17]李景丽,李渊博,武东亚,等.考虑土壤电离的垂直接地极冲击散流性能分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(6):92-96.LIJingli,LI Yuanbo,WU Dongya,et al. Analysis of vertical grounding electrodes impulse dispersing characteristics considering transient ionizationphenomenon of soil[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(6):92-96.
[18]李景丽,袁涛,杨庆,等.考虑土壤电离动态过程的接地体有限元模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):149-157.LIJingli,YUAN Tao,YANG Qing,et al. Finite element model of grounding system considering soil dynamic ionization[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(22):149-157.
[2]潘卓洪,张露,刘虎,等.多层水平土壤电表电位的仿真分析[J].高电压技术,2012,38(1):116-123.PANZhuohong,ZHANG Lou,LIU Hu,et al. Simulation and analysis of earth surface potential distribution in horizontal multi-layer soil[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(1):116-123.
[3]郭卫,黄文武,文习山,等.应用快速多极子边界元法的块状土壤结构地网接地参数算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014(9):1436-1445.GUO Wei, HUANGWenwu, WEN Xishan, et al. A study of grounding parameters of grounding grid in soil with massive texture by using fast multipole boundary method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2014(9):1436-1445.
[4]潘文霞,刘铜锤,王兵,等.分层土壤任意块状基础的接地计算方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(7):145-151.PANWenxia, LIU Tongchui, WANG Bing, et al.Grounding computation method for layered-soil with arbitrary massive texture foundation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(7):145-151.
[5]丁健,陈光,丘文千,等.山体对变电站接地网接地性能的影响研究[J].能源工程,2008(3):1-3.DINGJian,CHEN Guang,QIU Wenqian,et al. Analysis of the influence of mountain oncharacters of substation's grounding systems[J]. Energy Engineering,2008(3):1-3.
[6]闫柯辛,张林俊,袁涛.两种典型地形对接地装置冲击特性的影响研究[C].重庆市电机工程学会学术会议,2012.
[7]罗东辉,司马文霞,袁涛,等.考虑地表垂直落差的接地系统等效模型研究[C].中国电机工程学会年会,2015. 10.
[8]郭剑.变电站接地系统冲击特性的全时分析方法研究[D].北京:清华大学,2005.
[9] LIU Yaqing,THEETHAYI N,THOTTAPPILLLIL R. An engineering model for transient analysis of grounding system under lightning strikes:non-uniform transmissionline approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):722-730.
[10]司马文霞,李晓丽,袁涛.考虑土壤非线性特性的接地网冲击特性分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(16):127-132.SI MAWenxia, LI Xiaoli, YUAN Tao. Analysis of grounding grid impulse characteristics in frequency domain inconsideration of soilnon-linear characteristic[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(16):127-132.
[11]张波,崔翔,赵志斌,等.计及导体互感的复杂接地网的频域分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):81-84,122.ZHANG Bo,CUI Xiang,ZHAOZhibin,et al. Analysis of the complex grounding grids in frequency domain considering mutual inductances[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(4):81-84,122.
[12]张波,崔翔,赵志斌,等.大型变电站接地网的频域分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):59-63.ZHANG Bo,CUI Xiang,ZHAOZhibin,et al. Analysis of grounding grids at large scale substations in frequency domain[J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering,2002,22(9):59-63.
[13] GRCEV L D. Computer analysis of transient voltages in large grounding systems[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on,1996,11(2):815-823.
[14]甘艳,阮江军,陈允平.一维有限元与三维有限元耦合法在接地网特性分析中的应用[J].电网技术,2004,28(9):62-66.GAN Yan,RUANJiangjun,CHEN Yunping. application of unidimensional finite element method(fem)coupled with three dimensional fem in characteristics analysis of grounding mesh property[J]. Power System Technology,2004,28(9):62-66.
[15]齐磊,崔翔,李慧奇.变电站接地网的频域有限元方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(6):62-66.QI Lei,CUI Xiang,LIHuiji. Finite element modeling of the substation grounding grids in frequecy domain[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(6):62-66.
[16]朱时阳,袁涛,朱彬.分层土壤中接地装置冲击散流特性的有限元分析模型[J].电网技术,2014,38(8):2304-2309.ZHUShiyang, YUAN Tao, ZHU Bin. Finite element model of impulse dispersing characteristics of grounding equipment in layered soil[J]. Power System Technology,2014,38(8):2304-2309.
[17]李景丽,李渊博,武东亚,等.考虑土壤电离的垂直接地极冲击散流性能分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(6):92-96.LIJingli,LI Yuanbo,WU Dongya,et al. Analysis of vertical grounding electrodes impulse dispersing characteristics considering transient ionizationphenomenon of soil[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(6):92-96.
[18]李景丽,袁涛,杨庆,等.考虑土壤电离动态过程的接地体有限元模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):149-157.LIJingli,YUAN Tao,YANG Qing,et al. Finite element model of grounding system considering soil dynamic ionization[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(22):149-157.
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