变水头流量标准装置水柜产生漩涡的数值模拟与分析
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摘要
目前一般使用静态容积检定流量仪表,但这种方法建立在定常流动的基础上而且存在测量结果不确定等局限。为研究自由表面漩涡生成与演化过程对变水头标准装置的不确定度影响情况,采用流体体积法结合大涡模拟法,在Ansys+Workbench+FLUENT数值仿真软件平台环境下再现了自由表面漩涡发展过程的典型流态,并根据其特点选取4个典型阶段,并对其中B型和D型的径向速度、切向速度及轴向速度沿水柜半径方向的变化情况进行重点分析。最终得出涡量向涡核中心集聚导致水柜产生漩涡现象以及当水位下降到水柜高度的21.4%左右时自由液面开始出现下凹现象。
Static Volume method is generally introduced into flow meters, the method is based on steady flow and has some limitations such as uncertainty of measurement results. To study the uncertainty of variable waterhead reservoir in the process of vortex generation and evolution of free surface, large eddy simulation and volume of fluid are introduced into simulating the process of the presence of vortex in a variable waterhead reservoir using the numerical software platform Ansys Workbench FLUENT. According to the flow characteristics, four typical stages of the developing process were selected, and the regularities of the radial velocity, tangential velocity and axial velocity of B-type and D-type free surface vortex along the direction of radial were mainly analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the vortexs gather towards the center causing the free surface to depress and eventually become vortex and when the water level drops to about 21.4% of the height of the variable waterhead reservoir, the free surface begins to appear depressed.
Static Volume method is generally introduced into flow meters, the method is based on steady flow and has some limitations such as uncertainty of measurement results. To study the uncertainty of variable waterhead reservoir in the process of vortex generation and evolution of free surface, large eddy simulation and volume of fluid are introduced into simulating the process of the presence of vortex in a variable waterhead reservoir using the numerical software platform Ansys Workbench FLUENT. According to the flow characteristics, four typical stages of the developing process were selected, and the regularities of the radial velocity, tangential velocity and axial velocity of B-type and D-type free surface vortex along the direction of radial were mainly analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the vortexs gather towards the center causing the free surface to depress and eventually become vortex and when the water level drops to about 21.4% of the height of the variable waterhead reservoir, the free surface begins to appear depressed.
引文
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[3] 李海峰. 自由表面漩涡的机理研究[D]. 上海:上海大学, 2009.
[4] 张睿, 陈红勋, 王小永. 吸水口上自由表面旋涡的LES-LBM模拟[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2011, 29(5): 386-391.
[5] SARKARDEH H. Numerical calculation of air entrainment rates due to intake vortices[J]. Meccanica, 2017, 52(15): 3629-3643.
[6] LI H F, CHEN H X, MA Z, et al. Exprimental and numerical investigation of free surface vortex[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2008, 20(4): 485-491.
[7] 孙洪亮, 刘亚坤, 王海民. 进水口自由表面漩涡特性研究[J]. 水力发电学报, 2016, 35(4): 67-71.
[8] 方爱平, 田蓬勃, 孙迪昊, 等. 排水口旋涡的压强与速度分布[J]. 物理与工程, 2016, 26(2): 80-84.
[9] 张莉, 蒋旭平, 王海民. 压力可调水流量标准装置的稳定性分析[J]. 上海理工大学学报, 2010, 32(3): 289-291.
[10] 陈红勋, 郭加宏, 胡雷, 等. 吸水口前自由表面旋涡的LBM模拟[J]. 水动力学研究与进展, 2010, 25(5): 676-682.
[11] 黄绍峰, 陈洁, 宋佳忆, 等. 涡街流量计漩涡发生体位置仿真研究[J]. 电子测量技术, 2016, 39(1): 119-122.
[12] 宋佳忆, 李斌, 陈洁, 等. 不同截流程度下涡街流量计的流动特性研究[J]. 电子测量技术,2015,38(6): 1-4.
[13] 江俊. 自由表面漩涡的识别方法及连铸下渣水模试验研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2012.
[14] 杨帆, 施徐明, 戴韧, 等. 自由表面旋涡数值模拟与涡、汇模型理论分析[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2013, 31(4): 325-330.
[15] 魏航. 泵站进水池自由表面漩涡及防护措施研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2016.
[16] 卢川, 卢庆, 张虹, 等. 基于大涡模拟(LES)的格架外条带区域压力和速度瞬态特性研究[J]. 核动力工程, 2013, 34(4): 38-42.