海南岛三亚湾全新世以来沉积特征与古环境演变
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摘要
根据海南岛三亚湾SY01钻孔AMS~(14)C测年建立沉积物年代框架,结合粒度、烧失量、色度和有孔虫等分析研究了三亚湾地区的海平面变化、沉积相和古环境演变过程。结果表明,SY01钻孔的沉积物呈现5个变化阶段:含砾粉砂层-含粗砂粉砂层-含中砂粉砂层-含细砂粉砂层-粉砂层;有孔虫和介形虫的分析结果显示出其主要出现在8.1～3.7 cal ka BP期间,且含量最丰富的层位在5.2～4.7 cal ka BP;烧失量的分析结果表明有机质和碳酸盐在5.2～4.7 cal ka BP期间的含量相对较高,揭示该时期陆地或海洋生物较为繁盛;色度值的结果也反映该阶段处于还原状态的沉积环境。因此,综合各个环境代用指标,研究区域的沉积过程划分为5个阶段:洪积相内侧-洪积相远端-滨岸相-海湾相-潟湖相;三亚湾地区从～9 cal ka BP开始沉积,全新世海侵高海平面期为～5 cal ka BP,之后进入晚全新世海退阶段,河流泥沙输送形成了三亚湾砂质海岸。
In order to study the sedimentary evolution and paleoenvironments change during the early Holocene, a 15.6 m core(SY01) was obtained from the Sanya basin. The age frame of core SY01 was established based on four AMS~(14)C dating results. The paleoenvironmental analysis methods of grain size, loss on ignition(LOI), grayscale and foraminifera were used to reconstruct the sea level change, sedimentary facies and paleoenvironment evolution in this area. The results show that the SY01 sediments can be divided into five layers: gravel-silty fine sand layer, coarse-silty sand layer, medium-silty sand layer, fine-silty sand layer, and silty sand layer. The foraminifera mainly occurred in the period of 8.1-3.7 cal ka BP, with the highest abundance during 5.2-4.7 cal ka BP. The LOI analysis shows that the contents of organic matter and carbonate were relatively high during 5.2-4.7 cal ka BP, and the grayscale values also reflect the sedimentary environment with a reduction condition. Therefore, the depositional process of the study area can be divided into 5 stages: Inner pluvial facies-Lateral pluvial facies-Littoral facies-Estuarine facies-Lagoon facies. The deposition started from ～9 cal ka BP, and the highest sea level occurred at ～5 cal ka BP, and then the Sanya basin became the fresh water environment in the late Holocene.
In order to study the sedimentary evolution and paleoenvironments change during the early Holocene, a 15.6 m core(SY01) was obtained from the Sanya basin. The age frame of core SY01 was established based on four AMS~(14)C dating results. The paleoenvironmental analysis methods of grain size, loss on ignition(LOI), grayscale and foraminifera were used to reconstruct the sea level change, sedimentary facies and paleoenvironment evolution in this area. The results show that the SY01 sediments can be divided into five layers: gravel-silty fine sand layer, coarse-silty sand layer, medium-silty sand layer, fine-silty sand layer, and silty sand layer. The foraminifera mainly occurred in the period of 8.1-3.7 cal ka BP, with the highest abundance during 5.2-4.7 cal ka BP. The LOI analysis shows that the contents of organic matter and carbonate were relatively high during 5.2-4.7 cal ka BP, and the grayscale values also reflect the sedimentary environment with a reduction condition. Therefore, the depositional process of the study area can be divided into 5 stages: Inner pluvial facies-Lateral pluvial facies-Littoral facies-Estuarine facies-Lagoon facies. The deposition started from ～9 cal ka BP, and the highest sea level occurred at ～5 cal ka BP, and then the Sanya basin became the fresh water environment in the late Holocene.
引文
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[2] ZONG Yongqiang.Mid-Holocene sea-level highstand along the southeast coast of China[J].Quaternary International,2004,117:55-67.
[3] 马明明,刘秀铭,周国华,等.福建沿海地区晚第四纪海侵研究进展及存在的问题[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2016,11(3):9-19.MA M M,LIU X M,ZHOU G H,et al.Research progress and problems of late quaternary transgression in coastal areas of Fujian province[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2016,11(3):9-19.
[4] 黄德银,施祺,张叶春.海南岛鹿回头珊瑚礁与全新世高海平面[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005 (4):5-11.HUANG D Y,SHI Q,ZHANG Y C.Coral reef and high sea level at Luhuitou,Hainan island during the Holocene[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2005 (4):5-11.
[5] 时小军,余克服,陈特固.南海周边中全新世以来的海平面变化研究进展[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007(5):121-132.SHI X J,YU K F,CHEN T G.Progress in researches on sea-level changes in South China Sea since mid-holocene[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2007(5):121-132.
[6] 毛龙江,张永战,魏灵,等.海南岛三亚湾海滩研究[J].第四纪研究,2006 (3):477-484.MAO L J,ZHANG Y Z,WEI L,et al.Study on beach characteristics in Sanya area of Hainan island[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006 (3):477-484.
[7] 邱立国,陈海洲,陈春华.海南岛海湾的特征分析和开发利用探讨[J].海洋开发与管理,2013 (5):38-42.QIU L G,CHEN H Z,CHEN C H.The characteristic analysis and exploitation and utilization of hainan island bay[J].Ocean Development and Management,2013 (5):38-42.
[8] 陶列平,黄世满.海南三亚市鹿回头公园封山育林后的植被调查[J].海南大学学报(自然科学版),2003 (4):348-350.TAO L P,HUANG S M.Investigation on the vegetation of Sanya Luhuitou Park of Hainan province after closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation[J].Natutal Science Journal of Hainan University,2003 (4):348-350.
[9] 吴小根,金波,朱大奎,等.三亚港近期淤积变化及其原因分析[J].海洋通报,1998(5):51-57.WU X G,JIN B,ZHU D K,et al.Study on the siltation rates of Sanya harbour[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1998(5):51-57.
[10] SANTISTEBAN J I,MEDIAVILLA R,LOPEZ-PAMO E,et al.Loss Onignition:a qualitative or quantitative method for organic matter and carbonate mineral content in sedments?[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2004,32(3):287-299.
[11] 石学法,陈春峰,刘焱光,等.南黄海中部沉积物粒度趋势分析及搬运作用[J].科学通报,2002,47(6):452-456.SHI X F,CHEN C F,LIU Y G,et al.Grain size trend analysis and transport in the middle south of the yellow sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(6):452-456.
[12] 陈一萌.土壤颜色一个可靠的气候变化代用指标[J].干旱区地理,2006,17(6):309-313.CHEN Y M.Soil color-a new sensitive indicator for climatic change[J].Arid Land Geography,2006,17(6):309-313.
[13] REIMER PJ,BARD E,BAYLISS A,et al.IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves,0-50,000 years cal BP[J].Radiocarbon,2013,55:1869-1887.
[14] 宗永强,黄光庆,熊海仙,等.珠江三角洲晚第四纪地层、海平面变化与构造运动的关系[J].热带地理,2016,36(3):326-333.ZONG Y Q,HUANG G Q,XIONG H X,et al.Relationship between late Quaternary lithostratigraphy,sea-level change and tectonics in the Pearl River Delta[J].Tropical Geography,2016,36(3):326-333.
[15] 蓝先洪.珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征[J].沉积学报,1996,14(2):155-162.LAN X H.Sedimentary characteristics of late Quaternary in the Zhujiang river delta[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):155-162.
[16] 李平日,黄镇国,张仲英,等.广东东部晚更新世以来的海平面变化[J].海洋学报,1987,9(2):216-222.LI P R,HUANG Z G,ZHANG Z Y,et al.Sea level changes since late Pleistocene in eastern Guangdong[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1987,9(2):216-222.
[17] 姚庆元,何昭星,庄进耀.厦门岛晚第四纪沉积层的划分与海平面变化的关系[J].华南地震,1988,8(4):25-32.YAO Q Y,HE S X,ZHUANG J Y.Subdivision of the late Quaternary sedimentary layer in Xiamen island and its relationship with the variation of sea level[J].South China Seismological Journal,1988,8(4):25-32.
[18] 方国祥,李平日,郑建生.广州地区第四纪沉积的年代学研究[J].地理科学,1991,11(4):361-369.FANG G X,LI R P,ZHENG J S.Chronlogy of Quaternary sediments in Guangzhou area[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,1991,11(4):361-369.
[19] 郑荣章,陈桂华,徐锡伟,等.福州盆地埋藏晚第四纪沉积地层划分[J].地震地质,2006,27(4):556-565.ZHENG Y Z,CHEN G H,XU X W,et al.Strata division of buried late quaternary of Fuzhou basin[J].Seismology and Geology,2006,27(4):556-565.
[20] 陈伟光,赵红梅,常郁,等.珠江三角洲晚第四纪垂直构造运动速率[J].地震地质,2001(4):527-536.CHEN W G,ZHAO H M,CHANG Y,et al.The rate of late Quaternary vertical motion of the Zhujiang delta[J].Seismology and Geology,2001(4):527-536.
[21] 王建华,王晓静,曹玲珑,等.珠江三角洲GZ-2孔全新统孢粉特征及古环境意义[J].古地理学报,2009,11(6):661-669.WANG J H,WANG X J,CAO L L,et al.The Holocene sporopollen characteristics and their paleoenvironmental significance of core GZ-2 in Pearl River delta[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2009,11(6):661-669.
[22] 宗永强.韩江三角洲第四系沉积旋回[J].热带地理,1987(2):117-127.ZONG Y Q.Depositional cycles of the Quaternary in the Hanjiang delta[J].Tropical Geography,1987(2):117-127.
[23] 方国祥,李平日,黄光庆.珠江三角洲8000年来海平面变化[J].地理研究,1991(4):1-11.FANG G X,LI P R,HUANG G Q.Sea level changes in Zhujiang Delta during the past 8000 years[J].Georaphical Research,1991(4):1-11.
[24] 黄康有,何嘉卉,宗永强,等.珠江三角洲三水盆地早全新世以来孢粉分析与古环境重建[J].热带地理,2016,36(3):364-373.HUANG K Y,HE J H,ZONG Y Q,et al.Holocene paleoenvironment reconstruction based on pollen data in the Sanshui Basin,Northern Pearl River Delta[J].Tropical Geography,2016,36(3):364-373.