基于多因子综合评估的月球探测软着陆区域及最佳巡航路线分析
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摘要
选择合适的软着陆区域及规划合理的巡航路线是月球探测的基础工作。以位于月球背面南极-艾肯(South Pole-Aitken,SPA)盆地内的冯·卡门(Von Kármán)撞击坑作为研究区域,综合使用多因子分析评估了月球探测的着陆区域和巡航路线。评价体系主要包括能表征着陆安全性的撞击坑的密度、撞击坑的影响区域、整个区域的平整情况、部分区域的平整情况等因子和体现科学探索意义的区域垂直结构、岩石属性和(FeO+TiO_2)含量等因子,其中科学探索的评估分析是在安全可行性的基础上进行的。结果表明:在多因子叠加分析的基础上可选择出A、B及C 3个着陆区,并通过科学研究因子分析出路线2及路线3为合适的巡航路线。本研究为月球探测器着陆和巡航路线的规划提供了科学依据,为后续的月球探测工作提供了技术支持。
Selecting the right soft landing area and planning a reasonable cruise route are the basic tasks of lunar exploration.In this paper, the Von Kármán crater in the Antarctic Aitken basin on the back of the moon is used as the study area, and multi-factor analysis is used to evaluate the landing area and cruise route of lunar exploration. The evaluation system mainly includes the factors such as the density of craters, the impact area of craters,the formation of the whole area and the formation of some special areas,as well as the factors of the vertical structure, rock properties and the content of(FeO + TiO_2) which can reflect the significance of scientific exploration. And the evaluation of the scientific exploration is carried out on the basis of safety and feasibility. Based on the multi-factor superposition analysis, three landing zones A, B and C are selected,and the appropriate cruising route is analyzed. This study provides a scientific basis for the lunar probe landing and cruise route planning, and it also provides technical support for the subsequent lunar exploration.
Selecting the right soft landing area and planning a reasonable cruise route are the basic tasks of lunar exploration.In this paper, the Von Kármán crater in the Antarctic Aitken basin on the back of the moon is used as the study area, and multi-factor analysis is used to evaluate the landing area and cruise route of lunar exploration. The evaluation system mainly includes the factors such as the density of craters, the impact area of craters,the formation of the whole area and the formation of some special areas,as well as the factors of the vertical structure, rock properties and the content of(FeO + TiO_2) which can reflect the significance of scientific exploration. And the evaluation of the scientific exploration is carried out on the basis of safety and feasibility. Based on the multi-factor superposition analysis, three landing zones A, B and C are selected,and the appropriate cruising route is analyzed. This study provides a scientific basis for the lunar probe landing and cruise route planning, and it also provides technical support for the subsequent lunar exploration.
引文
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[2]黄昊,张熇.月球软着陆探测的着陆敏感器选择及相关问题分析[C]//中国宇航学会深空探测技术专业委员会第三届学术会议论文集.北京:中国宇航学会深空探测技术专业委员会,2006:30-35.HANG H,ZHANG H.Analysis of Landing Sensor Selection and Related Problems in Moon Soft Landing[C]//Beijing:Chinese Academy of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Shenzhen Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Chinese Academy of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006:30-35.
[3]罗继强,姚连兴.月球表面着陆点选取及资源勘探的设想[J].红外激光工程,2006.35(Z1):459-463.LUO J Q,YAO L X.An idea for lunar surface landing point selection and resource exploration[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2006,35(Z1):459-463.
[4]吴伟仁,王琼,唐玉华,等.“嫦娥4号”月球背面软着陆任务设计[J].深空探测学报,2017,4(2):111-117.WU W R,WANG Q,TANG Y H,et al.Design of Chang'e-4 lunar farside soft-landing mission[J].Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2017,4(2):111-117.
[5]肖龙,乔乐,肖智勇,等.月球着陆探测值得关注的主要科学问题及着陆区选址建议[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2016,46(2):9-30.XIAO L.QIAO L,XIAO Z Y,et al.Major scientific objectives and candidate landing sites suggested for future lunar explorations(in Chinese)[J].Sci Sin-Phys Mech Astron,2016,46(2):9-30.
[6]WILSON J T,EKE VR,MASSEY RJ.Evidence for explosive silicic volcanism on the Moon from the extended distribution of thorium near the Compton-Belkovich Volcanic Complex[J].J Geophys Res,2015,120:92-108.
[7]JOLLIFF B L,TRAN T N,LAWRENCE S J,Non-mare silicic volcanism on the lunar farside at Compton-Belkovich[J].Nat Geosci,2011,4:566-571.
[8]李飞,张熇,吴学英,等.月球南极着陆区关键特性分析[J].航天器工程,2015,24(1):103-110.LI F,ZHANG H,WU X Y,et al.Analysis on key characteristics of lunar antarctic landing area[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2015,24(1):103-110.
[9]于正湜,朱圣英,崔平远.基于LIDAR的月球着陆区评估与选择方法[C]//中国宇航学会深空探测技术专业委员会第九届学术年会论文集(上册),北京:中国宇航学会深空探测技术专业委员会,2012:8.YU Z S,ZHU S Y,CUI P Y.Evaluation and selection of lunar landing area based on LIDAR[C]//China National Aeronautics and Astronautics Institute of Deep Space Exploration Technology Professional Committee of the ninth session of the annual academic conference(above),Beijing:China Aerospace Institute of deep space exploration technology professional committee,2012:8.
[10]徐鹍,周杨,李建胜,等.单张影像月球着陆区选取技术[J].测绘科学技术学报,2012,29(2):127-130.XU K,ZHOU Y,LI J S,et al.Single image Moon landing area selection technology[J].Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology,2012,29(2):127-130.
[11]孟治国,陈圣波,Edward Matthew Osei Jnr,等.基于嫦娥一号卫星微波辐射计数据的月球Cabeus撞击坑水冰含量研究[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2010,40(11):1363-1369.MENG Z G,CHEN S P,Edward M O,et al.Study on ice content of Moon cabeus impact pit based on Chang'e-1 satellite microwave radiometer data[J].Scientia Sinica(Physica,Mechanica&Astronomica),2010.40(11):1363-1369.
[12]焦中虎.可见光-近红外遥感在月表物质信息提取的应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,2012.JIAO Z H.Application of visible light-near infrared remote sensing in the extraction of material information on monthly[J].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2012.
[13]张健,缪秉魁,廖庆园,等,月球南极艾肯盆地的地质特征:探索月球深部的窗口[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2011,30(2):234-240+244.ZHANG J,MIU B K,LIAO Q Y,et al.Geological characteristics of the Moon Antarctic Aitken Basin:explore the window of the Moon deep[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2011,30(2):234-240+244.
[14]乔乐,刘小倩,赵健楠,等.月球雨海地区三个着陆点的地质特征对比研究[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2016,46(2):31-45.QIAO L.LIU X Q,ZHAO J N,et al.Geological investigations of Luna17,Apollo 15 and Chang'E-3 landing sites at Mare Imbrium of the Moon(inChinese)[J].Sci Sin-Phys Mech Astron,2016,46(2):31-45.
[15]杨建中,满剑锋,曾福明,等,“嫦娥三号”着陆缓冲机构的研究成果及其应用[J].航天返回与遥感,2014,35(06):20-27.YANG J Z,ZENG F M,MAN J F,et al.The research achievements and application of Chang'e No.3 landing buffer.Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing.2014,35(6):20-27.
[16]杨建中,曾福明,满剑锋等.嫦娥三号着陆器着陆缓冲系统设计与验证[J].中国科学:技术科学,2014,44(5):440-449.Y ANG J Z.ZENG F M,MAN J F,et al.Design and verification of the landing impact attenuation system for Chang'E-3 lander(in Chinese)[J].Sci Sin Tech,2014,44(5):440-449.
[17]BORST A M,FOING B H,DAVIES G R.Surface mineralogy and stratigraphy of the lunar South Pole-Aitken basin determined from Clementine UV/VIS and NIR data[J].Planetary&Space Science,2012.68(1):76-85