溶剂萃取分离钒铬研究进展
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摘要
钒和铬化学性质相似且共生,而溶剂萃取法分离钒铬是目前研究最多的方法。评述了中性络合萃取体系、离子缔合萃取体系、酸性络合及螯合萃取体系和协同萃取体系这四种传统溶剂萃取体系分离钒铬的研究现状,并以三液相萃取体系为例,介绍了新颖的萃取体系。分析了各萃取体系的优缺点,基于环境保护和企业效益角度,指出三液相萃取体系由于分离系数高,物理现象良好,工艺流程短,操作简便,成本低且萃取剂配比灵活,具有更美好的前景。
Vanadium and chromium have the similar chemical properties and naturally coexist at most occasions,so the problem for separation of vanadium and chromium has not been properly solved for a long time.The solvent extraction is currently the most common method for the separation of vanadium and chromium. Traditional extraction systems for vanadium-chromium separation,including neutral complexation extraction system,ion association extraction system,acidic complexation and chelation extraction system,synergistic extraction system,were introduced.Three-liquid phase extraction system was used as an example for introducing a novel extraction system. Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of each extraction system were analyzed. Three-liquid phase extraction system is expected to have a broad prospect due to a high separation factor,well physical phenomena,short process flow,simple operation,low cost and flexible ratio of extractant,considering the environment protection and company benefits.
Vanadium and chromium have the similar chemical properties and naturally coexist at most occasions,so the problem for separation of vanadium and chromium has not been properly solved for a long time.The solvent extraction is currently the most common method for the separation of vanadium and chromium. Traditional extraction systems for vanadium-chromium separation,including neutral complexation extraction system,ion association extraction system,acidic complexation and chelation extraction system,synergistic extraction system,were introduced.Three-liquid phase extraction system was used as an example for introducing a novel extraction system. Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of each extraction system were analyzed. Three-liquid phase extraction system is expected to have a broad prospect due to a high separation factor,well physical phenomena,short process flow,simple operation,low cost and flexible ratio of extractant,considering the environment protection and company benefits.
引文
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[13]Sun P,Huang K,Wang X,et al.Separation of V from alkaline solution containing Cr using acidified primary amine N1923 with the addition of trisodium citrate[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2017,179:504-512.
[14]Sun P,Huang K,Liu H.Separation of V and Cr in alkaline aqueous solution using acidified primary amine N1923[J].Hydrometallurgy,2016,165(10):370-380.
[15]Ning P,Lin X,Wang X,et al.High-efficient extraction of vanadium and its application in the utilization of the chromium-bearing vanadium slag[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,301(10):132-138.
[16]Ning P,Lin X,Cao H,et al.Selective extraction and deep separation of V(V)and Cr(VI)in the leaching solution of chromiumbearing vanadium slag with primary amine LK-N21[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2014,137(11):109-115.
[17]Surender G D.Solvent extraction separation of vanadium(V)from multimetal chloride solutions using tributylphosphate[J].Separation Science&Technology,2003,38(15):3761-3774.
[18]Tan Xiongwen,Yang Yunquan,Duan Zhengkang,et al.Extraction and separation of chromium(VI)from tributyl phosphate in hydrochloric acid medium[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2003,22(12):1323-1326.(谭雄文,杨运泉,段正康,等.盐酸介质中磷酸三丁酯萃取分离铬(Ⅵ)[J].化工进展,2003,22(12):1323-1326.)
[19]Wang.Solvent extraction of vanadium from sulfuric acid solution[J].Rare Metals,2009,28(3):209-211.
[20]Saji J.Solvent extraction and separation of vanadium(V)from multivalent metal chloride solutions by cyanex 923[J].Solvent Extraction&Ion Exchange,2003,21(4):573-589.
[21]Gu Guobang,Cheng Fei,Yang Xinrong,et al.Mechanism of collaborative extraction of vanadium(V)with P204-PSO[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition),1997(2):85-91.(古国榜,程飞,杨新荣,等.P204-PSO协同萃取钒(V)的机理[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1997(2):85-91.)
[22]He D,Feng Q,Zhang G,et al.An environmentally-friendly technology of vanadium extraction from stone coal[J].Minerals Engineering,2007,20(12):1184-1186.
[23]Chen Chun,Zhang Yimin,Bao Shenxu,et al.Tertiary amine N235 separation and enrichment of vanadium from stone coal acid infusions[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2017,41(4):422-428.(谌纯,张一敏,包申旭,等.叔胺N235从石煤酸浸液中分离富集钒[J].稀有金属,2017,41(4):422-428.)
[24]Lozano L J,Godi Nez C.Comparative study of solvent extraction of vanadium from sulphate solutions by primene 81R and alamine 336[J].Minerals Engineering,2003,16(3):291-294.
[25]Chagnes A,Rager M N,Courtaud B,et al.Speciation of vanadium(V)extracted from acidic sulfate media by trioctylamine in ndodecane modified with 1-tridecanol[J].Hydrometallurgy,2010,104(1):20-24.
[26]Mcclellan B E,Meredith M K,Parmelee R,et al.Solvent extraction studies of chromium(III)with tri-n-octylamine[J].Analytical Chemistry,1974,46(2):306-307.
[27]Yao Jianpei,Yuan Wenguang,Meng Fanzhong.Quaternary salt extraction agent N-263 extracted high purity V2O5from high alkali and high silicon containing vanadium solution[J].Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium,1982,3(3):14-25.(姚建培,袁文光,孟凡中.季胺盐萃取剂N-263从高碱高硅含钒溶液中提取高纯V2O5[J].钢铁钒钛,1982,3(3):14-25.)
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