不同密度下越冬型黑麦产量形成的光合特性差异
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摘要
为了探究寒地冬黑麦饲草群体产量形成的光合特性差异,以东农冬黑麦001为材料,采取完全随机设计,设置基本苗为225×10~4株·hm~(-2)(D_1)、275×10~4株·hm~(-2)(D_2)、325×10~4株·hm~(-2)(D_3)、375×10~4株·hm~(-2)(D_4)和425×10~4株·hm~(-2)(D_5)5个密度处理,对比分析各处理主要生育阶段叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数的动态变化过程以及产量的差异。结果表明,黑麦整体叶片叶绿素相对含量在抽穗期达到最大,显著高于其他生育时期,随着密度的增高,叶绿素相对含量减少,花后叶绿素含量SPAD值下降幅度随着密度的增大而增加;各密度黑麦叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度均在开花期达到最大,显著高于其他生育时期。随着密度的增大,光合参数逐渐减小、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))和光化学淬灭系数(qP)逐渐减小,而非光化学淬灭系数(qN)呈增大的趋势。研究得出,越冬型黑麦鲜草产量与干草产量在基本苗为275×10~4株·hm~(-2)时最大,随着密度的增加,黑麦生物产量逐渐降低。表明构建合理群体大小,获得较高花前光合生产能力,是获得寒地冬黑麦高产的基础。
This experiment aimed to explore the relationship between plant population density and photosynthetic performance and yield of winter rye in a cold region.The variety used was‘Dongnong winter rye 001’,and the experiment comprised 5replicates sowing densities(D_1,225×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1);D_2,275×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1);D_3,325×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1);D_4,375×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1);D_5,425×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1)),arranged in a completely random design.Leaf chlorophyll content measured using a SPAD meter(CCM-200+)reached the maximum at the heading stage.With increased crop density,the SPAD value decreased,and the density-induced decrease was more pronounced after anthesis.The maximum values of net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of rye leaves occurred at the flowering stage.With increasing crop density,many photosynthetic parameters,including the maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),the actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ))and the photochemical quenching coefficient(q_P)showed progressive reduction;however,the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(q_N)increased.The yield of fresh and hay winter rye(Secale)were highest at D_3,after which the biomass yield decreased with increasing density.It is concluded that establishing the correct population density(D_2)to obtain higher photosynthetic capacity before flowering is the basis for obtaining high yield of winter rye in cold regions.
This experiment aimed to explore the relationship between plant population density and photosynthetic performance and yield of winter rye in a cold region.The variety used was‘Dongnong winter rye 001’,and the experiment comprised 5replicates sowing densities(D_1,225×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1);D_2,275×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1);D_3,325×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1);D_4,375×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1);D_5,425×10~(4 )plants·ha~(-1)),arranged in a completely random design.Leaf chlorophyll content measured using a SPAD meter(CCM-200+)reached the maximum at the heading stage.With increased crop density,the SPAD value decreased,and the density-induced decrease was more pronounced after anthesis.The maximum values of net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of rye leaves occurred at the flowering stage.With increasing crop density,many photosynthetic parameters,including the maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),the actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ))and the photochemical quenching coefficient(q_P)showed progressive reduction;however,the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(q_N)increased.The yield of fresh and hay winter rye(Secale)were highest at D_3,after which the biomass yield decreased with increasing density.It is concluded that establishing the correct population density(D_2)to obtain higher photosynthetic capacity before flowering is the basis for obtaining high yield of winter rye in cold regions.
引文
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[2]Stutz H C. On the origin of cultivated rye. American Journal of Botany, 1972, 59(1): 59-70.
[3]Koistinen V M, Hanhineva K. Microbial and endogenous metabolic conversions of rye phytochemicals. Journal Citation Reports, 2017, 61(7): 1600627.
[4]Burbach K, Strang E J P, Mosenthin R, et al. Porcine intestinal microbiota is shaped by diet composition based on rye or triticale. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2017, 123: 1571-1583.
[5]Liu C Y, Sun X Y, Zhu T C, et al. Comparison of the production performance of ryegrass cultivars and screening of dominant varieties. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(4): 39-48. 刘春英, 孙学映, 朱体超, 等. 不同黑麦草品种生产性能比较与优势品种筛选. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 39-48.
[6]Ma X, Dai X L, Wang X J, et al. Stability of a winter wheat population with high yield and high resource use efficiency. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(12): 3926-3934.马鑫, 代兴龙, 王晓婧, 等. 冬小麦高产高效群体的年际间稳产性能. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(12): 3926-3934.
[7]Zhang Y Q, Zhang N, Wang N, et al. Effects of plant population on photosynthetic characteristics and yield components of summer soybean. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 29(7): 1386-1391. 张永强, 张娜, 王娜, 等. 种植密度对夏大豆光合特性及产量构成的影响. 核农学报, 2015, 29(7): 1386-1391.
[8]Zhuo W Y, Zhang Z M, Liu M M, et al. Difference of photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits in different types of wheat. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2016, 25(4): 538-546.卓武燕, 张正茂, 刘苗苗, 等. 不同类型小麦光合特性及农艺性状的差异. 西北农业学报, 2016, 25(4): 538-546.
[9]Zhang D J, Ma X, Wang X D, et al. Effects of variety and density on photosynthetic traits and light utilization efficiency of wheat in middle Henan Province. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34(3): 388-394.张黛静, 马雪, 王晓东, 等. 品种与密度对豫中地区小麦光合生理特性及光能利用率的影响. 麦类作物报, 2014, 34(3): 388-394.
[10]Wang Z J, Guo T C, Wang H C, et al. Effect of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of super-high-yield winter wheat at late growth stages. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2001, 21(3): 64-67.王之杰, 郭天财, 王化岑, 等. 种植密度对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2001, 21(3): 64-67.
[11]Shao Y W, Hai J B, Luo H B, et al. Effects of different densities on photosynthetic characteristics and yields of winter wheat under bunch planting in Guanzhong irrigation areas. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2016, 25(5): 667-676. 邵玉伟, 海江波, 罗宏博, 等. 不同密度对关中灌区穴播冬小麦光合特性及产量影响. 西北农业学报, 2016, 25(5): 667-676.
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