2015—2017年重庆市职业病发病情况
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摘要
目的 分析2015—2017年重庆市新确诊职业病发病情况,为重庆市职业病防治政策的制定提供科学依据。方法 以2015年1月1日—2017年12月31日重庆市尘肺病和职业病报告卡上报数据建立数据库,采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计描述和分析。结果 2015—2017年,重庆市共报告新发职业病13 279例,患者平均发病年龄(52.39±8.69)岁,平均发病工龄(16.31±8.38)年。新发职业病包括9大类,其中尘肺病12 806例,占96.44%;职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病274例,占2.06%;职业中毒116例,占0.87%;其他职业病37例,占0.28%;职业性皮肤病13例,占0.10%;物理因素所致职业病12例,占0.09%;职业性眼病10例,占0.08%;职业性肿瘤6例,占0.05%;职业性传染病5例,占0.04%。不同年份职业病分类构成不同,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=186.875,P<0.05)。尘肺病以煤工尘肺为主,职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病以噪声聋为主,慢性职业中毒以苯中毒为主。新发职业病主要集中在渝东北地区和渝西地区,主要分布在采矿业、建筑业和制造业。结论 尘肺病是重庆市最主要的职业病,接触粉尘的工人是重庆市职业病防治的重点人群。为减少职业病的发生,职业卫生监督管理部门应制定分类监督管理办法,重点加强采矿业、建筑业和制造业的职业病防治工作。
[Objective] To analyze the prevalence of newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Chongqing from 2015-2017,provide scientific basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control policies in the city.[Methods]A database of pneumoconiosis and occupational disease report cards of Chongqing from January 1,2015 to December 31,2017 was established.SPSS 18.0 was adopted for statistical description and analysis.[Results]From 2015-2017,a total of 13 279 new cases of occupational disease were diagnosed in Chongqing. The average onset age of patients was 52.39±8.69 years old,and the average working age of onset was 16.31±8.38 years. The new cases of occupational disease included nine categories,and there were 12 806 cases(96.44%)of pneumoconiosis,274 cases(2.06%)of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases,116 cases(0.87%) of occupational poisoning,37 cases(0.28%)of other occupational disease,13 cases(0.10%)of occupational skin diseases,12 cases(0.09%)of occupational disease caused by physical factors,10 cases(0.08%)of occupational eye disease,6 cases(0.05%)of occupational tumor,and 5 cases(0.04%)of occupational infection. The difference in the classification composition of occupational diseases was statistically significant among different years(χ~2=186.875,P<0.05). The pneumoconiosis cases were mainly coal workers' pneumoconiosis,the cases of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases were mainly noise deafness,and the cases of chronic occupational poisoning were mainly benzene poisoning. The new cases of occupational diseases were mainly concentrated in Northeast Chongqing and West Chongqing,and in mining,construction and manufacturing industries.[Conclusion]Pneumoconiosis is the main occupational disease in Chongqing,and the workers exposed to dust are the key population of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. In order to reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases,the occupational health supervision and management departments should formulate classified supervision and management measures,focusing on strengthening the prevention and control of occupational diseases in mining,construction and manufacturing industries.
[Objective] To analyze the prevalence of newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Chongqing from 2015-2017,provide scientific basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control policies in the city.[Methods]A database of pneumoconiosis and occupational disease report cards of Chongqing from January 1,2015 to December 31,2017 was established.SPSS 18.0 was adopted for statistical description and analysis.[Results]From 2015-2017,a total of 13 279 new cases of occupational disease were diagnosed in Chongqing. The average onset age of patients was 52.39±8.69 years old,and the average working age of onset was 16.31±8.38 years. The new cases of occupational disease included nine categories,and there were 12 806 cases(96.44%)of pneumoconiosis,274 cases(2.06%)of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases,116 cases(0.87%) of occupational poisoning,37 cases(0.28%)of other occupational disease,13 cases(0.10%)of occupational skin diseases,12 cases(0.09%)of occupational disease caused by physical factors,10 cases(0.08%)of occupational eye disease,6 cases(0.05%)of occupational tumor,and 5 cases(0.04%)of occupational infection. The difference in the classification composition of occupational diseases was statistically significant among different years(χ~2=186.875,P<0.05). The pneumoconiosis cases were mainly coal workers' pneumoconiosis,the cases of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases were mainly noise deafness,and the cases of chronic occupational poisoning were mainly benzene poisoning. The new cases of occupational diseases were mainly concentrated in Northeast Chongqing and West Chongqing,and in mining,construction and manufacturing industries.[Conclusion]Pneumoconiosis is the main occupational disease in Chongqing,and the workers exposed to dust are the key population of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. In order to reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases,the occupational health supervision and management departments should formulate classified supervision and management measures,focusing on strengthening the prevention and control of occupational diseases in mining,construction and manufacturing industries.
引文
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[8]钟学飘,朱志良,马争,等.2005-2013年全国职业病发病情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(7):858-859.
[9]王小皙,王雪梅,袁方,等.2012-2016年重庆市职业性噪声聋病例特征分析[J].职业卫生与病伤,2018,33(4):209-212.
[10]杨文海,顾芸,孙伟.2010-2014年宁夏职业病新发病例分析[J].宁夏医科大学学报,2015,37(12):1423-1425.
[11]温贤忠,李旭东,黄永顺,等.2006-2010年广东省新发职业病病谱分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(2):157-162.
[2]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.国民经济行业分类:GB/T 4754-2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[3]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.关于2016年职业病防治工作情况的通报[EB/OL].(2017-12-28)[2018-04-02].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/jkj/s5899t/201712/c46227a95f054f5fa75a40e4db05bb37.shtml.
[4]中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会.2017年我国卫生健康事业发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2018-06-12)[2018-09-20].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/guihuaxxs/s10743/201806/44e3cdfe11fa4c7f928c879d435b6a18.shtml.
[5]王小皙,张华东,王雪梅.某市2011-2015年尘肺病新发病例的流行病学分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2018,36(3):194-197.
[6]陈晓培,牛心华.2008-2013年郑州市职业病发病情况分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2014,27(5):378-379.
[7]陈星,李爽.2007-2014年天津市河东区职业病网络直报监测信息分析[J].职业与健康,2016,32(18):2497-2500.
[8]钟学飘,朱志良,马争,等.2005-2013年全国职业病发病情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(7):858-859.
[9]王小皙,王雪梅,袁方,等.2012-2016年重庆市职业性噪声聋病例特征分析[J].职业卫生与病伤,2018,33(4):209-212.
[10]杨文海,顾芸,孙伟.2010-2014年宁夏职业病新发病例分析[J].宁夏医科大学学报,2015,37(12):1423-1425.
[11]温贤忠,李旭东,黄永顺,等.2006-2010年广东省新发职业病病谱分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(2):157-162.
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