三峡库区城镇生活垃圾产生量和散排量时空特征
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摘要
【目的】分析三峡库区城镇居民生活垃圾产生量和散排量时空特征,为库区生态环境保护规划制定、城镇生活垃圾管理决策等提供依据。【方法】根据三峡库区主要城镇常住人口、居民生活垃圾散排量等相关数据,计算出生活垃圾散排强度,并分析时序变化和地区差异。【结果】1)三峡库区城镇居民生活垃圾产生量呈增加趋势,年平均增加8.5%。生活垃圾散排量和散排强度均呈下降趋势,年平均下降7.24%和8.83%。2)重庆主城区居民生活垃圾产生量和散排量均最大,分别为年均2×106和2.387×105 t,占库区生活垃圾产生总量和散排总量的61.25%和52.70%;散排量最小的是兴山,年均3×103 t。3)三峡库区城镇居民生活垃圾散排强度年均值为55.49kg·人-1;重庆主城区的散排强度最低,年均值为48.46kg·人-1;秭归的散排强度最高,年均值为82.67kg·人-1。【结论】三峡库区城镇居民生活垃圾产生量增加和地区差异明显的主要驱动因素是人口规模,集中处置能力增强是散排量和散排强度降低的主要原因。
[Purposes]Knowledge of the spatial-temporal characteristics of urban household solid waste production and discard is a fundamental for developing strategies of ecological environmental protection and waste management in Three Gorges reservoir area.[Methods]Based on the dataset of permanent resident population and household solid waste discarding amount calculate the discarding intensity,and then analysis the time series changes and regional differences.[Findings]1)In the urban area of Three Gorges reservoir area,the production of household solid waste increased by 8.5% per year in average during 2007—2016,in contrast,the discharge amount and discharge intensity are decreased by 7.24%and 8.83% per year in average,respectively.2)Household solid waste production and discard amount are the maximum in Chongqing main city,annual average of 2×106 and 2.387×105 t,accounting for 61.25% and 52.70% of the total amount of production and discard in urban area of Three Gorges reservoir area,respectively.The minimum discard amount occurs in Xingshan,with an annual average of 3×103 t.3)On the whole,the discharge intensity is 55.49 kg·a-1 for one person.The lowest discharge intensity occurs in Chongqing main city,in which is 48.46 kg·a-1 for one person,and the highest discharge intensity in Zigui,which is 82.67 kg·a-1 for a person.[Conclusions]The main driving factor of household solid waste production increasing and exiting significant difference between regionals is the permanent resident population size,the improvement of household solid waste disposal capacity is the main reason for the decrease of discharge amount and discharge intensity.
[Purposes]Knowledge of the spatial-temporal characteristics of urban household solid waste production and discard is a fundamental for developing strategies of ecological environmental protection and waste management in Three Gorges reservoir area.[Methods]Based on the dataset of permanent resident population and household solid waste discarding amount calculate the discarding intensity,and then analysis the time series changes and regional differences.[Findings]1)In the urban area of Three Gorges reservoir area,the production of household solid waste increased by 8.5% per year in average during 2007—2016,in contrast,the discharge amount and discharge intensity are decreased by 7.24%and 8.83% per year in average,respectively.2)Household solid waste production and discard amount are the maximum in Chongqing main city,annual average of 2×106 and 2.387×105 t,accounting for 61.25% and 52.70% of the total amount of production and discard in urban area of Three Gorges reservoir area,respectively.The minimum discard amount occurs in Xingshan,with an annual average of 3×103 t.3)On the whole,the discharge intensity is 55.49 kg·a-1 for one person.The lowest discharge intensity occurs in Chongqing main city,in which is 48.46 kg·a-1 for one person,and the highest discharge intensity in Zigui,which is 82.67 kg·a-1 for a person.[Conclusions]The main driving factor of household solid waste production increasing and exiting significant difference between regionals is the permanent resident population size,the improvement of household solid waste disposal capacity is the main reason for the decrease of discharge amount and discharge intensity.
引文
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[11]曾荣,易蔓,王莉玮,等.重庆市典型村庄生活垃圾产生特征及处理模式[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(7):143-148.ZENG R,YI M,WANG L W,et al.Characteristics of rural household solid waste in typical villages of Chongqing and its treatment models[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2017,39(7):143-148.
[12]HUI Y,LIAW,FENWEI S,et al.Urban solid waste management in Chongqing:challenges and opportunities[J].Waste Management,2006,26(9):1052-1062.
[13]王里奥,岳建华,黄川,等.三峡库区堆存生活垃圾重金属含量特征[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(2):246-251.WANG L A,YUE J H,HUANG C,et al.Contamination characteristic analysis of heavy metals in MSW dumped in Three Gorges region[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(2):246-251.
[14]洪兰,韦杰,李进林,等.三峡库区水土保持工程农户参与行为调查[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):244-249.HONG L,WEI J,LI J L,et al.Investigation on farmer participation behavior in soil conservation projects in Three Gorges reservoir area[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,36(2):244-249.
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[16]岳波,张志彬,孙英杰,等.我国农村生活垃圾的产生特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014(6):129-134.YUE B,ZHANG Z B,SUN Y J,et al.Characteristics of rural household solid wastes in China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(6):129-134.
[17]杜吴鹏,高庆先,张恩琛,等.中国城市生活垃圾排放现状及成分分析[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(5):85-90.DU W P,GAO Q X,ZHANG E C,et al.The emission status and composition analysis of municipal solid waste in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2006,19(5):85-90.
[18]李玉敏,白军飞,王金霞,等.农村居民生活固体垃圾排放及影响因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(10):63-68.LI Y M,BAI J F,WANG J X,et al.Disposal of domestic solid wastes and determinants in rural China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(10):63-68.
[19]徐礼来,闫祯,崔胜辉.城市生活垃圾产量影响因素的路径分析—以厦门市为例[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(4):1180-1185.XU L L,YAN Z,CUI S H.Path analysis of influencing factors on municipal solid waste generation:a case study of Xiamen city[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(4):1180-1185.
[20]鞠昌华,朱琳,朱洪标,等.我国农村生活垃圾处置存在的问题及对策[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(4):99-103.JU C H,ZHU L,ZHU H B,et al.Problems and countermeasures for the disposal of rural domestic wastes in China[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2015,22(4):99-103.
[21]何威风,阎建忠,花晓波.不同类型农户家庭能源消费差异及其影响因素—以重庆市“两翼”地区为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(11):2043-2055.HE W F,YAN J Z,HUA X B.Differences and influencing factors of rural household energy consumption of different household types:a case study in the"two wings"area of Chongqing[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(11):2043-2055.
[22]卞荣星,孙英杰,李卫华,等.农村生活垃圾产生特性及处理处置对策研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(12):100-102.BIAN R X,SUN Y J,LI W H,et al.Study on production characteristics and disposal countermeasures of rural solid wastes[J].Environmental Engineering,2014,32(12):100-102.
[23]周上博,袁兴中,刘红,等.农村生活垃圾污染现状及处置对策研究—以渝西地区为例[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015(4):70-73.ZHOU S B,YUAN X Z,LIU H,et al.Study on present pollution situation of rural domestic wastes and disposal counter measures:taking the west of Chongqing as an example[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2015(4):70-73.
[2]王临清,李枭鸣,朱法华.中国城市生活垃圾处理现状及发展建议[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(2):106-109.WANG L Q,LI X M,ZHU F H.Current situation of municipal solid wastes disposal and development proposals in China[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2015,37(2):106-109.
[3]孔令强,田光进,柳晓娟.中国城市生活固体垃圾排放时空特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1408-1417.KONG L Q,TIAN G J,LIU X J.The spatio-temporal dynamic pattern of urban solid waste emission in China[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1408-1417.
[4]CHEN X,GENG Y,FUJITA T.An overview of municipal solid waste management in China[J].Waste Management,2010,30(4):716-724.
[5]许增巍,姚顺波,苗珊珊.意愿与行为的悖离:农村生活垃圾集中处理农户支付意愿与支付行为影响因素研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(2):1-6.XU Z W,YAO S B,MIAO S S.The paradox between willingness and behavior:factors influencing the householdswillingness to pay and real payment behavior on rural domestic garbagecentralized treatment[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(2):1-6.
[6]夏立忠,杨林章,吴春加,等.太湖地区典型小城镇降雨径流NP负荷空间分布的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3):267-270.XIA L Z,YANG L Z,WU C J,et al.Distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus loads in runoff in representative town in Tai lake region[J].Journalof Agro-Environment Science,2003,22(3):267-270.
[7]陈宇顺.长江流域的主要人类活动干扰、水生态系统健康与水生态保护[J].三峡生态环境监测,2018,3(3):66-73.CHEN Y S.Anthropogenic disturbance,aquatic ecosystem health,and water ecological conservation of the Yangtze river basin in China[J].Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges,2018,3(3):66-73.
[8]魏星,彭绪亚,贾传兴,等.三峡库区农村生活垃圾污染特征分析[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(16):7610-7612.WEI X,PENG X Y,JIA C X,et al.Analysis on characteristicsof rural domestic waste in the Three Gorges reservoir[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(16):7610-7612.
[9]范先鹏,董文忠,甘小泽,等.湖北省三峡库区农村生活垃圾发生特征探讨[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(11):2741-2745.FAN X P,DONG W Z,GAN X Z,et al.Study on production and features of rural solid wastes in the Three Gorges reservoir area of Hubei province[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2010,49(11):2741-2745.
[10]冉谷,董凯馨,兰国新,等.三峡库区农村填埋垃圾渗滤液污染物含量评价[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1814-1818.RAN G,DONG K X,LAN G X,et al.Evaluation of pollutants content in rural solid waste leachate in the Three Gorges reservoir area[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(5):1814-1818.
[11]曾荣,易蔓,王莉玮,等.重庆市典型村庄生活垃圾产生特征及处理模式[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(7):143-148.ZENG R,YI M,WANG L W,et al.Characteristics of rural household solid waste in typical villages of Chongqing and its treatment models[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2017,39(7):143-148.
[12]HUI Y,LIAW,FENWEI S,et al.Urban solid waste management in Chongqing:challenges and opportunities[J].Waste Management,2006,26(9):1052-1062.
[13]王里奥,岳建华,黄川,等.三峡库区堆存生活垃圾重金属含量特征[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(2):246-251.WANG L A,YUE J H,HUANG C,et al.Contamination characteristic analysis of heavy metals in MSW dumped in Three Gorges region[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(2):246-251.
[14]洪兰,韦杰,李进林,等.三峡库区水土保持工程农户参与行为调查[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):244-249.HONG L,WEI J,LI J L,et al.Investigation on farmer participation behavior in soil conservation projects in Three Gorges reservoir area[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,36(2):244-249.
[15]中华人民共和国生态环境部.长江三峡工程生态与环境监测公报[R].中国环境监测总站,2017.Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China.Environmental and ecological monitoring bulletins of the Three Gorges project of the Yangtze river[R].China National Environment Monitoring Centre,2017.
[16]岳波,张志彬,孙英杰,等.我国农村生活垃圾的产生特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014(6):129-134.YUE B,ZHANG Z B,SUN Y J,et al.Characteristics of rural household solid wastes in China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(6):129-134.
[17]杜吴鹏,高庆先,张恩琛,等.中国城市生活垃圾排放现状及成分分析[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(5):85-90.DU W P,GAO Q X,ZHANG E C,et al.The emission status and composition analysis of municipal solid waste in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2006,19(5):85-90.
[18]李玉敏,白军飞,王金霞,等.农村居民生活固体垃圾排放及影响因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(10):63-68.LI Y M,BAI J F,WANG J X,et al.Disposal of domestic solid wastes and determinants in rural China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(10):63-68.
[19]徐礼来,闫祯,崔胜辉.城市生活垃圾产量影响因素的路径分析—以厦门市为例[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(4):1180-1185.XU L L,YAN Z,CUI S H.Path analysis of influencing factors on municipal solid waste generation:a case study of Xiamen city[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(4):1180-1185.
[20]鞠昌华,朱琳,朱洪标,等.我国农村生活垃圾处置存在的问题及对策[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(4):99-103.JU C H,ZHU L,ZHU H B,et al.Problems and countermeasures for the disposal of rural domestic wastes in China[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2015,22(4):99-103.
[21]何威风,阎建忠,花晓波.不同类型农户家庭能源消费差异及其影响因素—以重庆市“两翼”地区为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(11):2043-2055.HE W F,YAN J Z,HUA X B.Differences and influencing factors of rural household energy consumption of different household types:a case study in the"two wings"area of Chongqing[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(11):2043-2055.
[22]卞荣星,孙英杰,李卫华,等.农村生活垃圾产生特性及处理处置对策研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(12):100-102.BIAN R X,SUN Y J,LI W H,et al.Study on production characteristics and disposal countermeasures of rural solid wastes[J].Environmental Engineering,2014,32(12):100-102.
[23]周上博,袁兴中,刘红,等.农村生活垃圾污染现状及处置对策研究—以渝西地区为例[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015(4):70-73.ZHOU S B,YUAN X Z,LIU H,et al.Study on present pollution situation of rural domestic wastes and disposal counter measures:taking the west of Chongqing as an example[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2015(4):70-73.
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