海上稠油乳状液稳定性影响因素
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摘要
为配合注蒸汽热采技术用于海上稠油的乳化降黏,用自制的水溶性乳化降黏剂SP(阴-非离子表面活性剂)配制水溶液,将渤海油田海上稠油与表面活性剂水溶液以油水质量比70∶30混合制得O/W型乳状液。研究了矿化度、pH值、温度和SP浓度等因素对乳状液稳定性的影响,以乳化体系在50℃下静置60 min的出水率作为体系的稳定性表征参数,出水率越高、稳定性越差。此外,通过测定表面活性剂溶液和稠油间的界面张力,分析了乳状液稳定性机制。结果表明,矿化度、pH值对乳状液稳定性的影响最大,SP加量次之,温度的影响较小。随着矿化度的增加,界面张力和出水率先降低后增加,当矿化度为55 g/L时,体系的界面张力最小,稳定性最好;钙离子对乳状液界面张力的影响大于钠离子。碱性条件有利于乳状液的稳定。随着SP加量的减少,界面张力升高,乳状液稳定性降低。SP对海上稠油的最佳乳化温度为50数70℃;SP耐温性良好,经300℃的高温处理后仍具有良好的活性,可配合注蒸汽热采技术用于海上稠油的乳化降黏。图9表1参18
Aiming at assisting the steam injection technology for thermal recovery of offshore heavy oil in Bohai oilfield,the self-made water-soluble high temperature emulsified viscosity reducer SP was introduced to form an aqueous surfactant solution where the O/W emulsion was prepared with the oil-water mass ratio of 70∶30. The effects of salinity,pH value,temperature,surfactant concentration on the stability of emulsion were studied. Moreover,the effluent rate of 60 min resting at 50℃ was picked to determine the stability of the system. The higher the water yield,the worse the stability was. In addition,the stability mechanism of emulsion was analyzed by measuring the interfacial tension between surfactant solution and heavy oil. The results showed that the influence of salinity and pH value on the stability of emulsion was the greatest,followed by the dosage of SP,and the effect of temperature was smaller. With the increase of salinity,the interfacial tension and effluent rate decreased first and then increased. It was found to produce the minimum interfacial tension and the best stability under the condition of 55 g/L salinity. Compared with sodium ion,calcium ion played a dominate role on the interfacial tension,and the alkalinity condition promoted the system stability.With the decrease of surfactant concentration,the interfacial tension of the system increased while the stability of emulsion decreased. The optimum emulsifying temperature range of SP was found to be 50—70℃,and the activity of self-made SP was acceptable after 300℃ treatment,indicating that SP was not sensitive to high temperature. Thus,SP was suitable for the steam injection technology for thermal recovery of heavy oil.
Aiming at assisting the steam injection technology for thermal recovery of offshore heavy oil in Bohai oilfield,the self-made water-soluble high temperature emulsified viscosity reducer SP was introduced to form an aqueous surfactant solution where the O/W emulsion was prepared with the oil-water mass ratio of 70∶30. The effects of salinity,pH value,temperature,surfactant concentration on the stability of emulsion were studied. Moreover,the effluent rate of 60 min resting at 50℃ was picked to determine the stability of the system. The higher the water yield,the worse the stability was. In addition,the stability mechanism of emulsion was analyzed by measuring the interfacial tension between surfactant solution and heavy oil. The results showed that the influence of salinity and pH value on the stability of emulsion was the greatest,followed by the dosage of SP,and the effect of temperature was smaller. With the increase of salinity,the interfacial tension and effluent rate decreased first and then increased. It was found to produce the minimum interfacial tension and the best stability under the condition of 55 g/L salinity. Compared with sodium ion,calcium ion played a dominate role on the interfacial tension,and the alkalinity condition promoted the system stability.With the decrease of surfactant concentration,the interfacial tension of the system increased while the stability of emulsion decreased. The optimum emulsifying temperature range of SP was found to be 50—70℃,and the activity of self-made SP was acceptable after 300℃ treatment,indicating that SP was not sensitive to high temperature. Thus,SP was suitable for the steam injection technology for thermal recovery of heavy oil.
引文
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[10]刘晨光,阙国和,陈月珠,等.用液相色谱及1H-NMR波谱评价减压渣油[J].石油学报(石油加工),1987,3(1):90-98.
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[13]范维玉,宋远明,郭玉玺,等.水包稠油乳状液稳定性研究Ⅱ.稠油官能团组分表面膜性质探索[J].石油学报(石油加工),2001,17(4):12-17.
[14]马文辉,梁梦兰,袁红,等.稠油O/W型乳状液稳定性的研究[J].化工时刊,2002,16(5):23-26.
[15]李美蓉,马济飞,孙向东.超稠油中酸性组分的分离及其界面活性研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2006,19(3):60-63.
[16]孙春柳,康万利,刘卫东,等.影响原油乳状液稳定性的因素研究[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(2):134-137.
[17]吴华,林梅钦,宗华,等.孤岛原油乳状液稳定性影响因素研究[J].应用化工,2005,34(1):15-18.
[18]于洪喜,林立,刘敏.稠油乳状液稳定性实验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2007,26(10):20-21.
[2]李延杰,李娜,谭先红,等.海上M稠油油田吞吐后续转驱开发方案研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(2):98-105.
[3]赵瑞玉,展学成,张超,等.特超稠油黏度的影响因素研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(2):319-324.
[4]蒋华义,孙娜娜,王舰,等.有机碱/复配表面活性剂稳定的稠油水包油乳状液的破乳研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(2):338-344.
[5]AZODI M,NAZAR A R S.An experimental study on factors affecting the heavy crude oil in water emulsions viscosity[J].J Pet Sci Eng,2013,106(2):1-8.
[6]敬加强,孙娜娜,安云朋,等.碱与乳化剂复合体系对稠油乳状液稳定性及流变性的影响[J].油田化学,2015,32(1):114-118.
[7]HASAN S W,GHANNAM M T,ESMAIL N.Heavy crude oil viscosity reduction and rheology for pipeline transportation[J].Fuel,2010,89(5):1095-1100.
[8]邹小勇,赵如松,慕朝,等.含沥青质模拟油/水乳状液稳定性与界面性质关系Ⅰ界面张力和Zeta电位的影响[J].精细化工,2013,30(2):193-197.
[9]刘杨,王占胜,杨杰.影响水包油型乳化液稳定性的因素研究[J].应用化工2017,46(7):1266-1269.
[10]刘晨光,阙国和,陈月珠,等.用液相色谱及1H-NMR波谱评价减压渣油[J].石油学报(石油加工),1987,3(1):90-98.
[11]胡纪华,杨兆禧,郑忠.胶体与界面化学[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,1991:309-313.
[12]路宏,赵甲递,陈晶华.稠油水包油型乳状液的黏度和稳定性变化规律[J].油气储运,2016,35(3):278-284.
[13]范维玉,宋远明,郭玉玺,等.水包稠油乳状液稳定性研究Ⅱ.稠油官能团组分表面膜性质探索[J].石油学报(石油加工),2001,17(4):12-17.
[14]马文辉,梁梦兰,袁红,等.稠油O/W型乳状液稳定性的研究[J].化工时刊,2002,16(5):23-26.
[15]李美蓉,马济飞,孙向东.超稠油中酸性组分的分离及其界面活性研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2006,19(3):60-63.
[16]孙春柳,康万利,刘卫东,等.影响原油乳状液稳定性的因素研究[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(2):134-137.
[17]吴华,林梅钦,宗华,等.孤岛原油乳状液稳定性影响因素研究[J].应用化工,2005,34(1):15-18.
[18]于洪喜,林立,刘敏.稠油乳状液稳定性实验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2007,26(10):20-21.