OpenFresco平台混合试验研究与应用
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摘要
混合试验方法是再现大型结构地震响应的最有效方法之一。本文首先回顾了混合试验基本概念,总结了基于OpenFresco平台混合试验方法相关研究与应用。根据近年来国内外学者相关研究,系统阐述了OpenFresco试验平台四个关键问题:在数值子结构中设置合理的求解参数,在中介平台中设置合理的试验参数,根据试验需要合理布置加载系统以及消除混合试验误差。最后,本文简要总结混合试验技术特点,说明混合试验可能存在的应用范围。根据目前混合试验存在的若干技术瓶颈,认为子结构划分技术、实时混合试验方法、分布式混合试验方法、振动台加载系统混合试验方法等方面需要深入研究。
Hybrid simulation is one of the most effective test methods to reproduce seismic responses of complex structures. This paper reviews the basic concepts of hybrid simulation and summarizes the research and application of hybrid simulation based on OpenFresco platform. According to recent research results, four important issues of OpenFresco platform are discussed in detail: setting reasonable analysis parameters in OpenSees platform, setting reasonable test parameters in OpenFresco platform, dividing substructure according to the test needs, arranging the loading system reasonably and eliminating the error of hybrid simulation. In the end the technical characteristics of hybrid simulation is summarized briefly. The possible application range of hybrid simulation based on OpenFresco platform is illustrated. According to the technical limits existed in the current hybrid simulation status, it is necessary to study the sub-structure division technology, the real-time hybrid simulation method, the distributed hybrid simulation method, and the hybrid simulation based on shaking table further.
Hybrid simulation is one of the most effective test methods to reproduce seismic responses of complex structures. This paper reviews the basic concepts of hybrid simulation and summarizes the research and application of hybrid simulation based on OpenFresco platform. According to recent research results, four important issues of OpenFresco platform are discussed in detail: setting reasonable analysis parameters in OpenSees platform, setting reasonable test parameters in OpenFresco platform, dividing substructure according to the test needs, arranging the loading system reasonably and eliminating the error of hybrid simulation. In the end the technical characteristics of hybrid simulation is summarized briefly. The possible application range of hybrid simulation based on OpenFresco platform is illustrated. According to the technical limits existed in the current hybrid simulation status, it is necessary to study the sub-structure division technology, the real-time hybrid simulation method, the distributed hybrid simulation method, and the hybrid simulation based on shaking table further.
引文
[1] 王进廷,金峰,张楚汉.结构抗震试验方法的发展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(4):37-43.WANG Jinting,JIN Feng,ZHANG Chuhan.Advances in dynamic testing method of structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2005,25(4):37-43.(in Chinese)
[2] 吕西林,邹昀,卢文胜.上海环球金融中心大厦结构模型振动台抗震试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004:24(3):57-63.LV Xilin,ZOU Yun,LU Wensheng.Experimental study on Shanghai world financial center[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2004:24(3):57-63.(in Chinese)
[3] Williams M S,Blakeborough A.Laboratorytesting of structures under dynamic loads:An introductory review[J].Philosophical Transactions Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences,2001,359(1786):1651-1669.
[4] 沈聚敏.抗震工程学[M].2版.中国建筑工业出版社,2015.SHEN Jumin.Seismic Engineering[M].2nd ed.China Building Industry Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[5] Yong Y ,Yu H ,Li C.Multi-point shaking table test for long tunnels subjected to non-uniform seismic loadings-Part I:Theory and validation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2016,108:1-10.
[6] 谭晓晶.大刚度试件拟动力试验方法[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.TAN Xiaojing.Pseudo-dynamic testing method for specimen with large stiffness[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[7] Dermitzakis S N,Mahin S A.Development of substructuring techniques for online computer controlled seismic performance testing [R].Report No.UCB/EERC-85/04,Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,Berkeley,CA,1985.
[8] Nakashima M,Ishii K,Kamagata S,et al.Feasibility of pseudo dynamic test using substructuring techniques [C]//Proceedings of 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Tokyo,1988,4:47-52.
[9] Buckle I,Reitherman R.The Consortium for The George E.Brown J.Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation [C]//13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Vancouver,Canada,Paper No.4016,2004.
[10] 王涛,潘鹏.子结构混合试验方法研究与应用[J].工程力学,2018,35(2):1-12.WANG Tao,PAN Peng.Study and application of substructure online hybrid test.[J],Enginnering Mechanics,2018,35(2):1-12.(in Chinese)
[11] 卢鹏.面向动力子结构试验的耦合积分方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.LU Peng.Research on partitioned time integration methods for dynamic substructure tests [D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2016.(in Chinese)
[12] Schellenberg A H ,Becker T C ,Mahin S A .Hybrid shake table testing method:Theory,implementation and application to midlevel isolation[J].Structural Control &Health Monitoring,2017,24(5) :1-18.
[13] Cortes-Delgado M D ,Lemuel González Hernández.Development of the UPRM Hybrid Simulation Facilities:Substructuring Techniques Coupled Numerical Simulations[C]//International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures.Springer,Cham,2017.
[14] 贾红星,蔡新江,田石柱.应用 OpenFresco 平台的抗震混合试验技术[J].四川建筑科学研究,2013,39(4):209-212.JIA Hongxing,CAI Xinjiang,TIAN Shizhu.Hybrid simulation testing technology with OpenFresco framework[J].Sichuan Building Science,2013,39(4):209-212.(in Chinese)
[15] 许国山,郝伟,陈永盛,等.基于有限元软件OpenSees和OpenFresco的混合试验[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(增刊1):36-41.XU Guoshan,HAO Wei,CHEN Yongsheng,et al.Hybrid testing based on finite element software OpenSees and OpenFresco[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S1):36-41.(in Chinese)
[16] 蔡新江,田石柱.MTS-OpenFresco-MATLAB 混合试验系统构建及验证试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,34(1):117-122.CAI Xinjiang,TIAN Shizhu.MTS-OpenFresco-MATLAB hybrid simulation system construction and verification test[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2014,34(1):117-122.(in Chinese)
[17] 姚尧.基于OpenFresco的非线性子结构拟动力试验方法研究[D].南京:南京工业大学,2015.YAO Yao.The study of pseudo-dynamic test method based on OpenFresco used in nonlinear substructure [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Tech University,2015.(in Chinese)
[18] Yang Y S,Hsieh,Tung Ju.An online optimization method for bridge dynamic hybrid simulations[J].Simulation Modelling Practice & Theory,2012,28(11):42-54.
[19] Mccrum D P ,Broderick B M.Evaluation of a substructured soft real-time hybrid test for performing seismic analysis of complex structural systems[M].Pergamon Press,Inc.2013.
[20] 王涛,吴斌.基于UKF模型更新的混合试验方法[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(5):138-143.WANG Tao,WU Bin.Model updating for hybrid testing with unscented Kalman filter[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(5):138-143.(in Chinese)
[21] 王瑾.子结构混合试验方法的数值模拟研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009.WANG Jin.Numerical simulation analysis of substructure hybrid testing method [D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009.(in Chinese)
[22] 蔡新江,巩牧华,贾红星,等.实腹式型钢混凝土十字形截面柱抗震性能拟静力及混合试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2016(5):146-154.CAI Xinjiang,GONG Muhua,JIA Hongxing,et al.Seismic quasi-static test and hybrid test on+shaped section solid-web steel reinforced concrete columns[J].Journal of Building Structures,2016(5):146-154.(in Chinese)
[23] 林元铮,田石柱.FRP加固RC连续梁桥抗震性能试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,32(5):21-26LIN Yuanzheng,TIAN Shizhu.Tests for aseismic performances of a RC continuous girder bridge retrofitted by FRP jacket[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(5):138-143.(in Chinese)
[24] Maikol D C R,Mosqueda G,Javad Hashemi M.Large-scale hybrid simulation of a steel moment frame building structure through collapse[J].Journal of Struchural Engineering,2015:04015086.
[25] Andreas Schellenberg,Mahin.Stephen A.A software framework for hybrid simulation of large structural systems [R].Structural Engineering Research Frontiers,2007.
[26] Takahashi Y ,Fenves G L .OpenFRESCO:Open software framework for experimental setup and control for distributed test[C]//International Workshop on Seismic Design & Retrofit of Transportation Facilities,2006.
[27] 李雁军.基于OpenFresco的远程协同试验方法的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007.LI Yanjun.Research on method of remote collaborative experiment based on OpenFresco[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2007.(in Chinese)
[28] 王亚明.基于MTS-OpenFresco的远程协同混合试验方法研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012.WANG Yaming.Research on remote collaborative hybrid testing method based on MTS━OpenFresco [D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[29] Maikol Del Carpio Ramos,M.Javad Hashemi,Gilberto Mosqueda.Large-scale hybrid simulation of a steel moment frame building from the onset of damage through collapse[C]//5th International Conference on Advances in Experimental Structural Engineering.2013.
[30] 董高节.实时混合试验系统构建研究[D].上海:同济大学,2016.DONG Gaojie.Study on real-time hybrid testing system and experimental method [D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2016.(in Chinese)
[31] Whyte C A.Optimal tuning of thermomechanical hybrid simulation parameters[J].Stgructures in Fire,2016:1055-1062.
[32] Whyte C A.Hybrid simulation of thermomechanical structural response[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2016,142(2):.
[33] Whyte C A.Validation of OpenFresco-based thermomechanical hybrid simulation to address an earthquake-fire coupled problem[C]//VI International Conference on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science & Engineering.2015.
[34] 陈永盛,王涛,张令心.结构混合试验新进展:16WCEE相关论文综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2017,37(3):136-143.CHEN Yongsheng,WANG Tao,ZHANG Lingxin.Advance in hybrid simulation of structures:review of the papers in 16th World Conference on Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2017,37(3):136-143.(in Chinese)
[35] Azin Ghaffary ,Reza Karami.Framework for virtual hybrid simulation of TADAS frames using opensees and abaqus[J].Journal of Vibration and Control.2018:2165-2178.
[36] Mustesin Ali Khan,Liming Jiang,Katherine A.et al.Analysis of restrained composite beams exposed to fire using a hybrid simulation approach[J].Engineering Structures,2018:956-966.
[37] Lignos D G,Moreno D M,Billington S L.Seismic retrofit of steel moment-resisting frames with high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete infill panels:large-scale hybrid simulation experiments[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2014,140(3):4013072-4013071.
[38] 徐伟杰,郭彤,陈城.实时混合模拟试验时域指标的比较分析[J].结构工程师,2013,29(1):181-188.XU Weijie,GUO Tong,CHEN Cheng.Comparison and analysis of time domain indices of real-time hybrid simulation [J].Structural Engineer,2013,29(1):181-188.(in Chinese)
[39] 郭彤,徐伟杰,陈城.实时混合模拟试验作动器位移追踪的频域评价方法[J].工程力学,2014,31(4):171-177.GUO Tong,XU Weijie,CHEN Cheng.Frequency-domain assessment for tracking servo-hydraulic actuator displacement in real-time hybrid simulation [J].Enginnering Mechanics,2014,31(4):171-177.(in Chinese)
[40] 徐伟杰,郭彤,陈城.实时混合模拟频域评价方法的物理意义[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2013(5):923-927.XU Weijie,GUO Tong,CHEN Cheng.Physical signficance of frequecy-domain based evalation method for real-time hybrid simulation[J].Journal of Southeast University,2013(5):923-927.(in Chinese)
[41] 赖子钦.基于OpenSees-OpenFresco-Simulink-MTS的混合试验技术及其应用研究[D].上海:同济大学,2017.LAI Ziqin.OpenSees-OpenFresco-Simulink-MTS based hybrid testing technique and its application[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2017.(in Chinese)
[42] 陈敏.结构抗震混合试验方法的应用与误差控制技术研究[D].上海:同济大学,2018.CHEN Min.Study on application and error evaluation of hybrid simulation in seismic design[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2018.(in Chinese)
[2] 吕西林,邹昀,卢文胜.上海环球金融中心大厦结构模型振动台抗震试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004:24(3):57-63.LV Xilin,ZOU Yun,LU Wensheng.Experimental study on Shanghai world financial center[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2004:24(3):57-63.(in Chinese)
[3] Williams M S,Blakeborough A.Laboratorytesting of structures under dynamic loads:An introductory review[J].Philosophical Transactions Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences,2001,359(1786):1651-1669.
[4] 沈聚敏.抗震工程学[M].2版.中国建筑工业出版社,2015.SHEN Jumin.Seismic Engineering[M].2nd ed.China Building Industry Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[5] Yong Y ,Yu H ,Li C.Multi-point shaking table test for long tunnels subjected to non-uniform seismic loadings-Part I:Theory and validation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2016,108:1-10.
[6] 谭晓晶.大刚度试件拟动力试验方法[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.TAN Xiaojing.Pseudo-dynamic testing method for specimen with large stiffness[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[7] Dermitzakis S N,Mahin S A.Development of substructuring techniques for online computer controlled seismic performance testing [R].Report No.UCB/EERC-85/04,Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,Berkeley,CA,1985.
[8] Nakashima M,Ishii K,Kamagata S,et al.Feasibility of pseudo dynamic test using substructuring techniques [C]//Proceedings of 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Tokyo,1988,4:47-52.
[9] Buckle I,Reitherman R.The Consortium for The George E.Brown J.Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation [C]//13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Vancouver,Canada,Paper No.4016,2004.
[10] 王涛,潘鹏.子结构混合试验方法研究与应用[J].工程力学,2018,35(2):1-12.WANG Tao,PAN Peng.Study and application of substructure online hybrid test.[J],Enginnering Mechanics,2018,35(2):1-12.(in Chinese)
[11] 卢鹏.面向动力子结构试验的耦合积分方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.LU Peng.Research on partitioned time integration methods for dynamic substructure tests [D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2016.(in Chinese)
[12] Schellenberg A H ,Becker T C ,Mahin S A .Hybrid shake table testing method:Theory,implementation and application to midlevel isolation[J].Structural Control &Health Monitoring,2017,24(5) :1-18.
[13] Cortes-Delgado M D ,Lemuel González Hernández.Development of the UPRM Hybrid Simulation Facilities:Substructuring Techniques Coupled Numerical Simulations[C]//International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures.Springer,Cham,2017.
[14] 贾红星,蔡新江,田石柱.应用 OpenFresco 平台的抗震混合试验技术[J].四川建筑科学研究,2013,39(4):209-212.JIA Hongxing,CAI Xinjiang,TIAN Shizhu.Hybrid simulation testing technology with OpenFresco framework[J].Sichuan Building Science,2013,39(4):209-212.(in Chinese)
[15] 许国山,郝伟,陈永盛,等.基于有限元软件OpenSees和OpenFresco的混合试验[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(增刊1):36-41.XU Guoshan,HAO Wei,CHEN Yongsheng,et al.Hybrid testing based on finite element software OpenSees and OpenFresco[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S1):36-41.(in Chinese)
[16] 蔡新江,田石柱.MTS-OpenFresco-MATLAB 混合试验系统构建及验证试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,34(1):117-122.CAI Xinjiang,TIAN Shizhu.MTS-OpenFresco-MATLAB hybrid simulation system construction and verification test[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2014,34(1):117-122.(in Chinese)
[17] 姚尧.基于OpenFresco的非线性子结构拟动力试验方法研究[D].南京:南京工业大学,2015.YAO Yao.The study of pseudo-dynamic test method based on OpenFresco used in nonlinear substructure [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Tech University,2015.(in Chinese)
[18] Yang Y S,Hsieh,Tung Ju.An online optimization method for bridge dynamic hybrid simulations[J].Simulation Modelling Practice & Theory,2012,28(11):42-54.
[19] Mccrum D P ,Broderick B M.Evaluation of a substructured soft real-time hybrid test for performing seismic analysis of complex structural systems[M].Pergamon Press,Inc.2013.
[20] 王涛,吴斌.基于UKF模型更新的混合试验方法[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(5):138-143.WANG Tao,WU Bin.Model updating for hybrid testing with unscented Kalman filter[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(5):138-143.(in Chinese)
[21] 王瑾.子结构混合试验方法的数值模拟研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009.WANG Jin.Numerical simulation analysis of substructure hybrid testing method [D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009.(in Chinese)
[22] 蔡新江,巩牧华,贾红星,等.实腹式型钢混凝土十字形截面柱抗震性能拟静力及混合试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2016(5):146-154.CAI Xinjiang,GONG Muhua,JIA Hongxing,et al.Seismic quasi-static test and hybrid test on+shaped section solid-web steel reinforced concrete columns[J].Journal of Building Structures,2016(5):146-154.(in Chinese)
[23] 林元铮,田石柱.FRP加固RC连续梁桥抗震性能试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,32(5):21-26LIN Yuanzheng,TIAN Shizhu.Tests for aseismic performances of a RC continuous girder bridge retrofitted by FRP jacket[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(5):138-143.(in Chinese)
[24] Maikol D C R,Mosqueda G,Javad Hashemi M.Large-scale hybrid simulation of a steel moment frame building structure through collapse[J].Journal of Struchural Engineering,2015:04015086.
[25] Andreas Schellenberg,Mahin.Stephen A.A software framework for hybrid simulation of large structural systems [R].Structural Engineering Research Frontiers,2007.
[26] Takahashi Y ,Fenves G L .OpenFRESCO:Open software framework for experimental setup and control for distributed test[C]//International Workshop on Seismic Design & Retrofit of Transportation Facilities,2006.
[27] 李雁军.基于OpenFresco的远程协同试验方法的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007.LI Yanjun.Research on method of remote collaborative experiment based on OpenFresco[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2007.(in Chinese)
[28] 王亚明.基于MTS-OpenFresco的远程协同混合试验方法研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012.WANG Yaming.Research on remote collaborative hybrid testing method based on MTS━OpenFresco [D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[29] Maikol Del Carpio Ramos,M.Javad Hashemi,Gilberto Mosqueda.Large-scale hybrid simulation of a steel moment frame building from the onset of damage through collapse[C]//5th International Conference on Advances in Experimental Structural Engineering.2013.
[30] 董高节.实时混合试验系统构建研究[D].上海:同济大学,2016.DONG Gaojie.Study on real-time hybrid testing system and experimental method [D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2016.(in Chinese)
[31] Whyte C A.Optimal tuning of thermomechanical hybrid simulation parameters[J].Stgructures in Fire,2016:1055-1062.
[32] Whyte C A.Hybrid simulation of thermomechanical structural response[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2016,142(2):.
[33] Whyte C A.Validation of OpenFresco-based thermomechanical hybrid simulation to address an earthquake-fire coupled problem[C]//VI International Conference on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science & Engineering.2015.
[34] 陈永盛,王涛,张令心.结构混合试验新进展:16WCEE相关论文综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2017,37(3):136-143.CHEN Yongsheng,WANG Tao,ZHANG Lingxin.Advance in hybrid simulation of structures:review of the papers in 16th World Conference on Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2017,37(3):136-143.(in Chinese)
[35] Azin Ghaffary ,Reza Karami.Framework for virtual hybrid simulation of TADAS frames using opensees and abaqus[J].Journal of Vibration and Control.2018:2165-2178.
[36] Mustesin Ali Khan,Liming Jiang,Katherine A.et al.Analysis of restrained composite beams exposed to fire using a hybrid simulation approach[J].Engineering Structures,2018:956-966.
[37] Lignos D G,Moreno D M,Billington S L.Seismic retrofit of steel moment-resisting frames with high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete infill panels:large-scale hybrid simulation experiments[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2014,140(3):4013072-4013071.
[38] 徐伟杰,郭彤,陈城.实时混合模拟试验时域指标的比较分析[J].结构工程师,2013,29(1):181-188.XU Weijie,GUO Tong,CHEN Cheng.Comparison and analysis of time domain indices of real-time hybrid simulation [J].Structural Engineer,2013,29(1):181-188.(in Chinese)
[39] 郭彤,徐伟杰,陈城.实时混合模拟试验作动器位移追踪的频域评价方法[J].工程力学,2014,31(4):171-177.GUO Tong,XU Weijie,CHEN Cheng.Frequency-domain assessment for tracking servo-hydraulic actuator displacement in real-time hybrid simulation [J].Enginnering Mechanics,2014,31(4):171-177.(in Chinese)
[40] 徐伟杰,郭彤,陈城.实时混合模拟频域评价方法的物理意义[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2013(5):923-927.XU Weijie,GUO Tong,CHEN Cheng.Physical signficance of frequecy-domain based evalation method for real-time hybrid simulation[J].Journal of Southeast University,2013(5):923-927.(in Chinese)
[41] 赖子钦.基于OpenSees-OpenFresco-Simulink-MTS的混合试验技术及其应用研究[D].上海:同济大学,2017.LAI Ziqin.OpenSees-OpenFresco-Simulink-MTS based hybrid testing technique and its application[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2017.(in Chinese)
[42] 陈敏.结构抗震混合试验方法的应用与误差控制技术研究[D].上海:同济大学,2018.CHEN Min.Study on application and error evaluation of hybrid simulation in seismic design[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2018.(in Chinese)
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