四川盆地北部宁强胡家坝灯影组四段岩石特征及沉积环境分析
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摘要
川中地区围绕灯影组天然气勘探取得重要进展,但川北地区勘探程度相对较低,钻井资料匮乏,针对性开展野外地质剖面岩石学特征和沉积环境解剖分析,对于该区油气勘探具有重要意义。通过对川北宁强胡家坝灯影组剖面实测与系统取样分析,运用沉积学、岩石学等方法,进行层序地层划分、岩石分类和沉积环境分析。研究表明:(1)根据岩石类型、藻类含量、泥质含量等将胡家坝灯四段划分为上下2个亚段,其中上亚段为丘滩体及储层发育的主要部位;(2)剖面灯影组四段碳酸盐岩岩石类型可划分为晶粒云岩、藻云岩和颗粒云岩3个亚类和8个微类;(3)剖面灯四段总体属于台地边缘相沉积,可划分出藻丘、颗粒滩、台坪和滩间海4个亚相;(4)灯四段沉积时期海平面表现为海进、海退2个旋回过程,沉积岩石的类型受沉积旋回海平面升降控制,整体表现为台坪、滩间海、台缘丘滩、滩间海、台缘丘滩的一个沉积演化过程。
In the central Sichuan Basin, significant progress has been made in the exploration of natural gas around the Dengying Formation. However, the exploration in the northern Sichuan Basin is relatively low and the drilling data is scarce. The petrological characteristics of the field geological section and the analysis of the sedimentary environment are of great significance for oil and gas exploration. Based on the survey and systematic sampling analysis of the Dengying Formation, Hujiaba section, sedimentary stratigraphy, rock classification and sedimentary environment analyses were carried out using sedimentology and petrology. Our research showed that:(1) According to the rock types, algae content and shale content, the 4 th member of Dengying Formation, Hujiaba section can be divided into upper and lower sub-sections, of which the upper sub-section is the main part of the bioherm-beach and reservoir development;(2) The carbonate rock types of the 4 th member of Dengying Formation can be divided into three sub-classes of crystalline dolomite, algae dolomite and granular dolomite, and eight micro-classes;(3) The 4 th member of Dengying Formation, Hujiaba section is generally deposited on the edge of the platform, which can be divided into four subfacies of table, interbank sea, algal mound and grain beach.(4) During the deposition period of the fourth member of Dengying Formation, the sea level is characterized by two cycles of transgression and regression. The types of sedimentary rocks are controlled by the sedimentary cycle and sea level which shows a sedimentary evolution process of table facies→interbank sea facies→bioherm-beach facies→interbank sea facies→bioherm-beach facies.
In the central Sichuan Basin, significant progress has been made in the exploration of natural gas around the Dengying Formation. However, the exploration in the northern Sichuan Basin is relatively low and the drilling data is scarce. The petrological characteristics of the field geological section and the analysis of the sedimentary environment are of great significance for oil and gas exploration. Based on the survey and systematic sampling analysis of the Dengying Formation, Hujiaba section, sedimentary stratigraphy, rock classification and sedimentary environment analyses were carried out using sedimentology and petrology. Our research showed that:(1) According to the rock types, algae content and shale content, the 4 th member of Dengying Formation, Hujiaba section can be divided into upper and lower sub-sections, of which the upper sub-section is the main part of the bioherm-beach and reservoir development;(2) The carbonate rock types of the 4 th member of Dengying Formation can be divided into three sub-classes of crystalline dolomite, algae dolomite and granular dolomite, and eight micro-classes;(3) The 4 th member of Dengying Formation, Hujiaba section is generally deposited on the edge of the platform, which can be divided into four subfacies of table, interbank sea, algal mound and grain beach.(4) During the deposition period of the fourth member of Dengying Formation, the sea level is characterized by two cycles of transgression and regression. The types of sedimentary rocks are controlled by the sedimentary cycle and sea level which shows a sedimentary evolution process of table facies→interbank sea facies→bioherm-beach facies→interbank sea facies→bioherm-beach facies.
引文
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[11] 张荫本,唐泽尧,陈季高.粘结岩分类及应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,1996(4):24-33. ZHANG Yinben,TANG Zeyao,CHEN Jigao.Classification and application of bondstone[J].Natural Gas Exploraiton & Development,1996(4):24-33.
[12] FOLK R L.Practical petrographic classification of limestones[J].AAPG Bulletin,1959,43(1):1-38.
[13] 曹瑞骥,袁训来.中国叠层石研究进展[J].古生物学报,2009,48(3):314-321. CAO Ruiji,YUAN Xunlai.Advances of stromatolite study in China[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,2009,48(3):314-321.
[14] 曹瑞骥,赵文杰.西南地区晚震旦世灯影组藻类植物群[J].中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所集刊,1978(10):1-40. CAO Ruiji,ZHAO Wenjie.The algal flora of the Tongying Formation (Upper Sinian System) in southwestern China[J].Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeonotology,1978(10):1-40.
[15] 梅冥相.从凝块石概念的演变论微生物碳酸盐岩的研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(6):1-9. MEI Mingxiang.Discussion on advances of microbial carbonates from the terminological change of thrombolites[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(6):1-9.
[16] 王文之,杨跃明,文龙,等.微生物碳酸盐岩沉积特征研究:以四川盆地高磨地区灯影组为例[J].中国地质,2016,43(1):306-318. WANG Wenzhi,YANG Yueming,WEN Long,et al.A study of sedimentary characteristics of microbial carbonate:a case study of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Gaomo area,Sichuan Basin[J].Geology in China,2016,43(1):306-318.
[2] 文龙,王文之,张健,等.川中高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩岩石类型及分布规律[J].岩石学报,2017,33(4):1285-1294. WEN Long,WANG Wenzhi,ZHANG Jian,et al.Classification of Sinian Dengying Formation and sedimentary evolution mechanism of Gaoshiti-Moxi area in central Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolo-gica Sinica,2017,33(4):1285-1294.
[3] 宋金民,刘树根,李智武,等.四川盆地上震旦统灯影组微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):741-752. SONG Jinmin,LIU Shugen,LI Zhiwu,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of microbial carbonate reservoirs in the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2017,38(4):741-752.
[4] 李凌,谭秀成,曾伟,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组灰泥丘发育特征及储集意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):666-673. LI Ling,TAN Xiucheng,ZENG Wei,et al.Development and reservoir significance of mud mounds in Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):666-673.
[5] 王静怡,胡明毅,高达,等.川中地区灯影组四段储层特征及主控因素[J].断块油气田,2016,23(6):697-702. WANG Jingyi,HU Mingyi,GAO Da,et al.Reservoir characteristics and control factors of Fourth Member of Dengying Formation in central Sichuan Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2016,23(6):697-702.
[6] 王东,王国芝.四川南江地区灯影组白云岩优质储层的形成与演化[J].现代地质,2011,25(4):660-667. WANG Dong,WANG Guozhi.Formation and evolution of high-quality dolomite reservoir in Dengying Formation of Sinian,Nanjiang area,Sichuan[J].Geoscience,2011,25(4):660-667.
[7] 李泽奇.川北米仓山构造及前缘地区震旦系灯影组深层—超深层储集层特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2017. LI Zeqi.Research on deep-ultra deep reservoir characteristics of Sinian Dengying Fm in Micangshan structures and front areas,northern Sichuan Basin[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2017.
[8] 陈尘,曾伟,金民东,等.川北地区灯影组灰泥丘沉积特征及储集性[J].天然气技术与经济,2014,8(3):23-28. CHEN Chen,ZENG Wei,JIN Mindong,et al.Sedimentary features and reservoir property of mud mound in Dengying Formation,northern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Technology and Economy,2014,8(3):23-28.
[9] 许海龙,魏国齐,贾承造,等.乐山—龙女寺古隆起构造演化及对震旦系成藏的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):406-416. XU Hailong,WEI Guoqi,JIA Chengzao,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Leshan-Longnüsi paleo-uplift and its control on gas accumulation in the Sinian strata,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):406-416.
[10] 冯增昭.碳酸盐岩分类[J].石油学报,1982,3(1):11-18. FENG Zengzhao.Classification of carbonate rocks[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(1):11-18.
[11] 张荫本,唐泽尧,陈季高.粘结岩分类及应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,1996(4):24-33. ZHANG Yinben,TANG Zeyao,CHEN Jigao.Classification and application of bondstone[J].Natural Gas Exploraiton & Development,1996(4):24-33.
[12] FOLK R L.Practical petrographic classification of limestones[J].AAPG Bulletin,1959,43(1):1-38.
[13] 曹瑞骥,袁训来.中国叠层石研究进展[J].古生物学报,2009,48(3):314-321. CAO Ruiji,YUAN Xunlai.Advances of stromatolite study in China[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,2009,48(3):314-321.
[14] 曹瑞骥,赵文杰.西南地区晚震旦世灯影组藻类植物群[J].中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所集刊,1978(10):1-40. CAO Ruiji,ZHAO Wenjie.The algal flora of the Tongying Formation (Upper Sinian System) in southwestern China[J].Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeonotology,1978(10):1-40.
[15] 梅冥相.从凝块石概念的演变论微生物碳酸盐岩的研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(6):1-9. MEI Mingxiang.Discussion on advances of microbial carbonates from the terminological change of thrombolites[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(6):1-9.
[16] 王文之,杨跃明,文龙,等.微生物碳酸盐岩沉积特征研究:以四川盆地高磨地区灯影组为例[J].中国地质,2016,43(1):306-318. WANG Wenzhi,YANG Yueming,WEN Long,et al.A study of sedimentary characteristics of microbial carbonate:a case study of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Gaomo area,Sichuan Basin[J].Geology in China,2016,43(1):306-318.
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