稻草全量还田对水稻生长特性及稻米品质的影响
|
摘要
为探明稻草全量还田对抛栽双季稻生长的影响,以淦鑫203、陆两优996和淦鑫688和五丰优T025为早、晚季试验材料,采用裂区设计,研究了稻草全量还田不施化肥(SF0)、稻草不还田不施化肥(S0F0)、稻草全量还田施用化肥(SF)和稻草不还田施用化肥(S0F)4个处理对抛栽水稻生长发育及稻米品质的影响。结果表明,相同施肥条件下,稻草全量还田较不还田能够增加水稻产量和有效穗。相同稻草还田条件下,施肥处理较不施肥处理能显著增加有效穗、穗粒数和产量。稻草全量还田,淦鑫203、陆两优996、五丰优T025和淦鑫688产量增幅分别为131.10%、109.52%、65.66%和56.69%;稻草不还田,产量增幅分别为135.93%、111.02%、72.72%和66.53%。相同施肥条件下,一次枝梗分化数、二次枝梗分化数、颖花分化数及退化率均是稻草全量还田大于不还田处理。一次枝梗现存数、二次枝梗现存数、颖花现存数与每穗粒数和产量呈显著或极显著正相关,而与水稻结实率呈显著或极显著负相关。稻草全量还田以及施肥能够提高稻谷的加工品质、食味品质和营养品质。
In order to determine the impact of total rice straw incorporation on the growth of scatteredplanting double-season rice,using Ganxin 203,Luliangyou 996,Ganxin 688 and Wufengyou T025 as early and late rice materials,the effects of no fertilization with total rice straw incorporation(SF0) 、no fertilization without straw rice incorporation(S0 F0) 、total straw rice incorporation with fertilizers(SF) and total rice straw incorporation without fertilizers(SF0) on the scattered planting rice growth development and rice quality were studied by split plot design.The results showed that under the same fertilization conditions,total rice straw incorporation can increase the yield and effective panicles of rice. Under the same straw returning conditions,fertilization treatment can significantly increase the number of effective panicles,grains per spike and yield compared with no fertilization treatment.With total rice straw incorporation,the yield increase rate of Ganxin 203,Lu Liangyou996,Wufengyou T025,Ganxin 688 was 131.10%,109.52%,65.66% and 56.69%,respectively.While under no rice straw incorporation,the yield increase rate was 135.93%,111.02%,72.72% and 66.53%,respectively.Under the same fertilization conditions,the number of differentiated primary branches,differentiated secondary branches,differentiated spikelets and percentage of retrograded spikelets with total rice straw incorporation were higher than no rice straw incorporation in early and late rice. There were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between survived primary branches,survived secondary branches,survived spikelets,the number of grains per panicle and yield,but there was a significant or extremely negative correlation with the seed setting rate of rice. Total rice straw incorporation and fertilization treatment can improve the processing quality,eating quality and nutritional quality of rice.
In order to determine the impact of total rice straw incorporation on the growth of scatteredplanting double-season rice,using Ganxin 203,Luliangyou 996,Ganxin 688 and Wufengyou T025 as early and late rice materials,the effects of no fertilization with total rice straw incorporation(SF0) 、no fertilization without straw rice incorporation(S0 F0) 、total straw rice incorporation with fertilizers(SF) and total rice straw incorporation without fertilizers(SF0) on the scattered planting rice growth development and rice quality were studied by split plot design.The results showed that under the same fertilization conditions,total rice straw incorporation can increase the yield and effective panicles of rice. Under the same straw returning conditions,fertilization treatment can significantly increase the number of effective panicles,grains per spike and yield compared with no fertilization treatment.With total rice straw incorporation,the yield increase rate of Ganxin 203,Lu Liangyou996,Wufengyou T025,Ganxin 688 was 131.10%,109.52%,65.66% and 56.69%,respectively.While under no rice straw incorporation,the yield increase rate was 135.93%,111.02%,72.72% and 66.53%,respectively.Under the same fertilization conditions,the number of differentiated primary branches,differentiated secondary branches,differentiated spikelets and percentage of retrograded spikelets with total rice straw incorporation were higher than no rice straw incorporation in early and late rice. There were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between survived primary branches,survived secondary branches,survived spikelets,the number of grains per panicle and yield,but there was a significant or extremely negative correlation with the seed setting rate of rice. Total rice straw incorporation and fertilization treatment can improve the processing quality,eating quality and nutritional quality of rice.
引文
[1]张水清,钟旭华,黄农荣,等.稻草覆盖还田对华南双季晚稻物质生产和产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(3):284-290.Zhang S Q,Zhong X H,Huang N R,et al.Effects of straw mulching on dry matter production and grain yield of double cropping late-season rice(Oryza sativa)in South China[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2011,25(3):284-290.
[2]肖小平,汤海涛,纪雄辉.稻草还田模式对稻田土壤速效氮、钾含量及晚稻生长的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(8):1464-1469.Xiao X P,Tang H T,Ji X H.Effect of patterns of straw returning to field on contents of available N,K in soil and the later rice growth[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(8):1464-1469.
[3]张水清,钟旭华,黄农荣,等.稻草覆盖还田对水稻氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):611-616.Zhang S Q,Zhong X H,Huang N R,et al.Effect of straw-mulch-incorporation on nitrogen uptake and N fertilizer use efficiency of rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(3):611-616.
[4]王慧,王宜伦,王瑾,等.多因素交互作用下玉米秸秆腐解对土壤速效养分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):298-300.Wang H,Wang Y L,Wang J,et al.Effects of maize straw decomposition on soil available nutrient by multiple factors interaction[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,24(12):298-300.
[5]彭英湘,王凯荣,彭娜,等.不同灌溉条件下稻草还田对土壤供氮特征及水稻产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(5):30-33.Peng Y X,Wang K R,Peng N,et al.Effects of incorporating rice straw into the soil on soil nitrogen supply and rice yield under different irrigation systems[J].Chinese Journal of Eco Agriculture,2007,15(5):30-33.
[6]李勇,曹红娣,储亚云,等.麦秆还田氮肥运筹对水稻产量及土壤氮素供应的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(4):569-573.Li Y,Cao H D,Chu Y Y,et al.Effect of nitrogenous fertilizers management on rice yield and soil nitrogen supply with wheat straw returning[J].Soil,2010,42(4):569-573.
[7]叶文培,谢小立,王凯荣,等.不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2008,22(1):65-70.Ye W P,Xie X L,Wang K R,et al.Effects of rice straw manuring in different periods on growth and yield of rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2008,22(1):65-70.
[8]徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,等.秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):209-215.Xu G W,Wu C F,Liu H,et al.Effect of straw residue returned and site-specific nitrogen management on yield and quality of rice[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(10):209-215.
[9]汪军,王德建,张刚.秸秆还田下氮肥用量对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(6):1004-1008.Wang J,Wang D J,Zhang G.Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rate with straw incorporated on rice yield and nutrient uptake[J].Soil,2009,41(6):1004-1008.
[10]徐春梅,王丹英,邵国胜,等.稻草覆盖马铃薯茬对后季水稻生长、产量及品质的影响[J].稻作技术,2008(2):54-57.Xu C M,Wang D Y,Shao G S,et al.Effect of potato with straw covering on growth,yield and quality of rice in later season[J].Rice Cultivation Technology,2008(2):54-57.
[11]曾研华,吴建富,何虎,等.机械化稻草全量还田下双季早稻生长发育、产量及品质的响应[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(5):840-844.Zeng Y H,Wu J F,He H,et al.Effect of mechanized total returning of straw to field on growth,yield and quality of early rice[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2011,33(5):840-844.
[12]松岛省三.稻作的理论与技术[M].2版(增订本).北京:农业出版社,1978:121-161.Matsushima S.Theories and Techniques of Rice Cultivation[M].2nd ed.(Updated Edition).Beijing:Agricultural Press,1978:121-161.
[13]吴建富,曾研华,潘晓华,等.稻草还田方式对双季水稻产量和土壤碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1572-1578.Wu J F,Zeng Y H,Pan X H,et al.Effects of rice straw returning mode on rice grain yield and soil carbon pool management index in double rice-cropping system[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(6):1572-1578.
[14]管恩相,唐海燕,李勇,等.稻草还田对水稻生长及稻米品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2010,16(3):23-25.Guan E X,Tang H Y,Li Y,et al.Influence of returning straw to field on yield and quality of rice[J].China Rice,2010,16(3):23-25.
[15]陈万明,谢胜祖,蔡长安,等.稻草还田与施钾效果研究[J].土壤肥料,2004(6):7-10.Chen W M,Xie S Z,Cai C A,et al.Study on effects of rice straw return into field and using potassium[J].Soil Fertilizer,2003:7-10.
[16]李万里,谢晓燕.稻草还田与低碳水稻栽培技术研究[J].作物研究,2010,24(4):334-336.Li W L,Xie X Y.Study on rice straw returning to field and low-carbon rice cultivation technique[J].Crop Research,2010,24(4):334-336.
[17]彭春瑞,董秋洪,涂田华,等.亚种间杂交稻大穗形成机理研究-I颖花的形成特点[J].杂交水稻,1995,10(5):28-30.Peng C R,Dong Q H,Tu T H,et al.Studies on the mechanism of large panicle formation for inter-subspecific hybrid rice I.features of spikelet formation[J].Hybrid Rice,1995,10(5):28-30.
[18]Toshihiro H,Yasuo K,Noam G.Response of spikelet number to plant nitrogen concentration and dry weight in paddy rice[J].Agron J,1994,86:673-675.
[19]姚友礼,王余龙,蔡建中.水稻大穗形成机理的研究I.品种间每穗颖花分化数的差异及其与穗部性状的关系[J].江苏农学院学报,1994,15(2):33-38.Yao Y L,Wang Y L,Cai J Z.Formation of large panicle in rice I:varietal differences of differentiated spikelet number per panicle and its relations with other panicle characteristics[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College,1994,15(2):33-38.
[20]姚友礼,王余龙,蔡建中.水稻大穗形成机理的研究(2):品种间每穗颖花退化数的差异及其与分化数和抽穗期物质生产的关系[J].江苏农学院学报,1994,15(4):24-29.Yao Y L,Wang Y L,Cai J Z.Formation of large panicle in rice(2):varietal difference of retrograded spikelet number per panicle and its relations with differentiated spikelet number and dry matter accumulated at heading[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College,1994,15(4):24-29.
[21]姚友礼,王余龙,蔡建中.水稻大穗形成机理的研究(3):品种间每穗颖花现存数与颖花分化和抽穗期物质生产的关系[J].江苏农学院学报,1995,16(2):11-16.Yao Y L,Wang Y L,Cai J Z.Formation of large panicle in rice(3):varietal difference of survived spikelet number per panicle and its relations with differentiated spikelet number and biomass at heading[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College,1995,16(2):11-16.
[22]杨洪建,王余龙,黄建晔,等.开放式空气CO2浓度增高对水稻颖花分化和退化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(10):1215-1218.Yang H J,Wang Y L,Huang J Y,et al.Effect of free-air CO2enrichment(FACE)on spikelets differentiation and retrogression in rice(Oryza sativa)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(10):1215-1218.
[23]陈小荣,钟蕾,贺晓鹏,等.稻穗枝梗和颖花形成的基因型及播期效应分析[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(4):424-428.Chen X R,Zhong L,He X P,et al.Effects of genotype and seeding-date on formation of branches and spikelets in rice panicle[J].Chinese Journal Rice Sinence,2006,20(4):424-428.
[24]陈小荣,石庆华,潘晓华,等.金优463在赣中北作双季早稻的产量、产量构成因素分析与生产对策[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,26(2):161-163.Chen X R,Shi Q H,Pan X H,et al.Analysis on the yield and yield components of jinyou 463 cultivated in the central and northern regions of jiangxi province as double-season early rice and its cultural practice[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2006,26(2):161-163.
[25]柳新伟,孟亚利,周治国,等.水稻颖花分化与退化的动态特征[J].作物学报,2005,31(4):451-455.Liu X W,Meng Y L,Zhou Z G,et al.Dynamic characteristics of floret differentiation and degeneration in rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2005,31(4):451-455.
[26]董明辉,顾俊荣,陈培峰,等.麦秸还田与氮肥互作对大穗型杂交粳稻不同部位枝梗和颖花形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(22):4437-4449.Dong M H,Gu J R,Chen P F,et al.Effects of interaction of wheat straw residue with field and nitrogen applications on branches and spikelets formation at different positions in large panicle hybrid rice[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,2015,48(22):4437-4449.
[27]徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,等.秸秆还田与氮肥管理对水稻养分吸收的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):191-195.Xu G W,Wu C F,Liu H,et al.Effects of straw residue return and nitrogen management on nutrient absorption of rice[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(7):191-195.
[28]李刚华,王惠芝,王绍华,等.穗肥对水稻穗分化期碳氮代谢及颖花数的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2010,33(1):1-5.Li G H,Wang H Z,Wang S H,et al.Effect of nitrogen applied at rice panicle initiation stage on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and spikelets per panicle[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2010,33(1):1-5.
[2]肖小平,汤海涛,纪雄辉.稻草还田模式对稻田土壤速效氮、钾含量及晚稻生长的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(8):1464-1469.Xiao X P,Tang H T,Ji X H.Effect of patterns of straw returning to field on contents of available N,K in soil and the later rice growth[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(8):1464-1469.
[3]张水清,钟旭华,黄农荣,等.稻草覆盖还田对水稻氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):611-616.Zhang S Q,Zhong X H,Huang N R,et al.Effect of straw-mulch-incorporation on nitrogen uptake and N fertilizer use efficiency of rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(3):611-616.
[4]王慧,王宜伦,王瑾,等.多因素交互作用下玉米秸秆腐解对土壤速效养分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):298-300.Wang H,Wang Y L,Wang J,et al.Effects of maize straw decomposition on soil available nutrient by multiple factors interaction[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,24(12):298-300.
[5]彭英湘,王凯荣,彭娜,等.不同灌溉条件下稻草还田对土壤供氮特征及水稻产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(5):30-33.Peng Y X,Wang K R,Peng N,et al.Effects of incorporating rice straw into the soil on soil nitrogen supply and rice yield under different irrigation systems[J].Chinese Journal of Eco Agriculture,2007,15(5):30-33.
[6]李勇,曹红娣,储亚云,等.麦秆还田氮肥运筹对水稻产量及土壤氮素供应的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(4):569-573.Li Y,Cao H D,Chu Y Y,et al.Effect of nitrogenous fertilizers management on rice yield and soil nitrogen supply with wheat straw returning[J].Soil,2010,42(4):569-573.
[7]叶文培,谢小立,王凯荣,等.不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2008,22(1):65-70.Ye W P,Xie X L,Wang K R,et al.Effects of rice straw manuring in different periods on growth and yield of rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2008,22(1):65-70.
[8]徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,等.秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):209-215.Xu G W,Wu C F,Liu H,et al.Effect of straw residue returned and site-specific nitrogen management on yield and quality of rice[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(10):209-215.
[9]汪军,王德建,张刚.秸秆还田下氮肥用量对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(6):1004-1008.Wang J,Wang D J,Zhang G.Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rate with straw incorporated on rice yield and nutrient uptake[J].Soil,2009,41(6):1004-1008.
[10]徐春梅,王丹英,邵国胜,等.稻草覆盖马铃薯茬对后季水稻生长、产量及品质的影响[J].稻作技术,2008(2):54-57.Xu C M,Wang D Y,Shao G S,et al.Effect of potato with straw covering on growth,yield and quality of rice in later season[J].Rice Cultivation Technology,2008(2):54-57.
[11]曾研华,吴建富,何虎,等.机械化稻草全量还田下双季早稻生长发育、产量及品质的响应[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(5):840-844.Zeng Y H,Wu J F,He H,et al.Effect of mechanized total returning of straw to field on growth,yield and quality of early rice[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2011,33(5):840-844.
[12]松岛省三.稻作的理论与技术[M].2版(增订本).北京:农业出版社,1978:121-161.Matsushima S.Theories and Techniques of Rice Cultivation[M].2nd ed.(Updated Edition).Beijing:Agricultural Press,1978:121-161.
[13]吴建富,曾研华,潘晓华,等.稻草还田方式对双季水稻产量和土壤碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1572-1578.Wu J F,Zeng Y H,Pan X H,et al.Effects of rice straw returning mode on rice grain yield and soil carbon pool management index in double rice-cropping system[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(6):1572-1578.
[14]管恩相,唐海燕,李勇,等.稻草还田对水稻生长及稻米品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2010,16(3):23-25.Guan E X,Tang H Y,Li Y,et al.Influence of returning straw to field on yield and quality of rice[J].China Rice,2010,16(3):23-25.
[15]陈万明,谢胜祖,蔡长安,等.稻草还田与施钾效果研究[J].土壤肥料,2004(6):7-10.Chen W M,Xie S Z,Cai C A,et al.Study on effects of rice straw return into field and using potassium[J].Soil Fertilizer,2003:7-10.
[16]李万里,谢晓燕.稻草还田与低碳水稻栽培技术研究[J].作物研究,2010,24(4):334-336.Li W L,Xie X Y.Study on rice straw returning to field and low-carbon rice cultivation technique[J].Crop Research,2010,24(4):334-336.
[17]彭春瑞,董秋洪,涂田华,等.亚种间杂交稻大穗形成机理研究-I颖花的形成特点[J].杂交水稻,1995,10(5):28-30.Peng C R,Dong Q H,Tu T H,et al.Studies on the mechanism of large panicle formation for inter-subspecific hybrid rice I.features of spikelet formation[J].Hybrid Rice,1995,10(5):28-30.
[18]Toshihiro H,Yasuo K,Noam G.Response of spikelet number to plant nitrogen concentration and dry weight in paddy rice[J].Agron J,1994,86:673-675.
[19]姚友礼,王余龙,蔡建中.水稻大穗形成机理的研究I.品种间每穗颖花分化数的差异及其与穗部性状的关系[J].江苏农学院学报,1994,15(2):33-38.Yao Y L,Wang Y L,Cai J Z.Formation of large panicle in rice I:varietal differences of differentiated spikelet number per panicle and its relations with other panicle characteristics[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College,1994,15(2):33-38.
[20]姚友礼,王余龙,蔡建中.水稻大穗形成机理的研究(2):品种间每穗颖花退化数的差异及其与分化数和抽穗期物质生产的关系[J].江苏农学院学报,1994,15(4):24-29.Yao Y L,Wang Y L,Cai J Z.Formation of large panicle in rice(2):varietal difference of retrograded spikelet number per panicle and its relations with differentiated spikelet number and dry matter accumulated at heading[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College,1994,15(4):24-29.
[21]姚友礼,王余龙,蔡建中.水稻大穗形成机理的研究(3):品种间每穗颖花现存数与颖花分化和抽穗期物质生产的关系[J].江苏农学院学报,1995,16(2):11-16.Yao Y L,Wang Y L,Cai J Z.Formation of large panicle in rice(3):varietal difference of survived spikelet number per panicle and its relations with differentiated spikelet number and biomass at heading[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College,1995,16(2):11-16.
[22]杨洪建,王余龙,黄建晔,等.开放式空气CO2浓度增高对水稻颖花分化和退化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(10):1215-1218.Yang H J,Wang Y L,Huang J Y,et al.Effect of free-air CO2enrichment(FACE)on spikelets differentiation and retrogression in rice(Oryza sativa)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(10):1215-1218.
[23]陈小荣,钟蕾,贺晓鹏,等.稻穗枝梗和颖花形成的基因型及播期效应分析[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(4):424-428.Chen X R,Zhong L,He X P,et al.Effects of genotype and seeding-date on formation of branches and spikelets in rice panicle[J].Chinese Journal Rice Sinence,2006,20(4):424-428.
[24]陈小荣,石庆华,潘晓华,等.金优463在赣中北作双季早稻的产量、产量构成因素分析与生产对策[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,26(2):161-163.Chen X R,Shi Q H,Pan X H,et al.Analysis on the yield and yield components of jinyou 463 cultivated in the central and northern regions of jiangxi province as double-season early rice and its cultural practice[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2006,26(2):161-163.
[25]柳新伟,孟亚利,周治国,等.水稻颖花分化与退化的动态特征[J].作物学报,2005,31(4):451-455.Liu X W,Meng Y L,Zhou Z G,et al.Dynamic characteristics of floret differentiation and degeneration in rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2005,31(4):451-455.
[26]董明辉,顾俊荣,陈培峰,等.麦秸还田与氮肥互作对大穗型杂交粳稻不同部位枝梗和颖花形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(22):4437-4449.Dong M H,Gu J R,Chen P F,et al.Effects of interaction of wheat straw residue with field and nitrogen applications on branches and spikelets formation at different positions in large panicle hybrid rice[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,2015,48(22):4437-4449.
[27]徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,等.秸秆还田与氮肥管理对水稻养分吸收的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):191-195.Xu G W,Wu C F,Liu H,et al.Effects of straw residue return and nitrogen management on nutrient absorption of rice[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(7):191-195.
[28]李刚华,王惠芝,王绍华,等.穗肥对水稻穗分化期碳氮代谢及颖花数的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2010,33(1):1-5.Li G H,Wang H Z,Wang S H,et al.Effect of nitrogen applied at rice panicle initiation stage on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and spikelets per panicle[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2010,33(1):1-5.