氮肥基追比对花后高温胁迫下春小麦淀粉形成的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽的方法研究不同的氮肥基追比对高温胁迫春小麦花后淀粉形成和产量的影响。结果表明:高温胁迫条件下,宁春4号和宁春47号籽粒直链淀粉、支链淀粉以及淀粉总含量、淀粉形成关键酶(ADPG-PPase、UDPG-PPase、SSS、GBSS)活性、千粒重和生物产量等与常温处理相比显著降低。两个品种氮肥基追比3∶7和4∶6条件下的直链淀粉含量、AGPP-PPase、GBSS、千粒重、生物产量等均优于氮肥基追比5∶5、7∶3、6∶4的处理。因此,花后高温降低了籽粒淀粉的含量、关键酶活性,从而降低了小麦产量和品质,而合理的氮肥基追比(3∶7和4∶6)能减轻高温对春小麦产量以及淀粉品质的影响。生产上可以采取相应的措施缓解高温的危害,提高春小麦产量和品质。
Effect of nitrogen dressing ratios and high temperature on the formation of starch and yield after anthsis in spring wheat were studied by pot experiment. The result showed that,under high temperature,grain amylose,amylopectin,the concentration of total starch,key enzymes( ADPG-PPase,UDPG-PPase,SSS,GBSS)activity and yield of Ningchun 4 and Ningchun 47 were lower than the normal temperature processing. The concentration of amylose,the activity of AGPP-PPase,GBSS following the nitrogen dressing ratios of N1( 3∶ 7) and N2( 4∶ 6) were higher than the other nitrogen dressing ratios. Therefore,the concentration of starch and key enzymes activity were mainly affected by high temperature after flowering,which then affected the yield and quality. The effect of high temperature the yield and quality could be mitigated by reasonable nitrogen dressing ratios( 3∶ 7 and 4∶ 6). For this reason,it was suggested that the reasonable measures could be taken to ease the harm of high temperature and improve the yield and quality of the spring wheat.
Effect of nitrogen dressing ratios and high temperature on the formation of starch and yield after anthsis in spring wheat were studied by pot experiment. The result showed that,under high temperature,grain amylose,amylopectin,the concentration of total starch,key enzymes( ADPG-PPase,UDPG-PPase,SSS,GBSS)activity and yield of Ningchun 4 and Ningchun 47 were lower than the normal temperature processing. The concentration of amylose,the activity of AGPP-PPase,GBSS following the nitrogen dressing ratios of N1( 3∶ 7) and N2( 4∶ 6) were higher than the other nitrogen dressing ratios. Therefore,the concentration of starch and key enzymes activity were mainly affected by high temperature after flowering,which then affected the yield and quality. The effect of high temperature the yield and quality could be mitigated by reasonable nitrogen dressing ratios( 3∶ 7 and 4∶ 6). For this reason,it was suggested that the reasonable measures could be taken to ease the harm of high temperature and improve the yield and quality of the spring wheat.
引文
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[3]李永庚,于振文,张秀杰,等.小麦产量与品质对灌浆不同阶段高温胁迫的响应[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(3):461-466.
[4]赵辉,戴廷波,荆奇,等.灌浆期高温对两种品质类型小麦品种籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(3):423-429.
[5]王珏,封超年,郭文善,等.花后高温胁迫对小麦籽粒淀粉积累及晶体特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28.
[6]杜世州,曹承富,张耀兰,等.氮肥基追比例对淮北地区超高产小麦产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(6):1027-1033.
[7]赵广才,李春喜,张保明,等.不同施氮比例和时期对冬小麦氮素利用的影响[J].华北农学报,2000,15(3):99-102.
[8]赵晶晶.花后高温胁迫下不同施氮量对春小麦产量形成的影响研究[D].宁夏大学,2015.
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[10]李玲.植物生理学模块实验指导[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[11]徐如强,孙其信,张树接.小麦耐热性研究现状与展望[J].中国农业大学学报,1998,3(3):33-40.
[12]刘萍,郭文善,浦汉春,等.灌浆期短暂高温对小麦淀粉形成的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(2):182-18.
[13]Panozzo J F,Eagles H A.Cultivar and environmental effects on quality characters in wheat:I.Starch[J].Aust J Agric Res,1998,49:757-766.
[14]方克旋,王澄.小麦直链淀粉含量测定及其含量对食品品质的影响[J].中国粮油食品,1985,2:27-28.
[15]He Z H,Rajaram S.Differential responses of bread wheat characters to high temperature[J].Euphytica,1994,72(3):197-203.
[16]Keeling P L,Bacon P J,Holt D C.Elevated temperature reduced starch deposition in wheat endosperm by reducing the activity of sol-uble starch synthase[J].Planta,1993,191(3):342-348.
[17]王立秋,靳占忠,曹敬山.氮肥不同追肥比例和时期对春小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,1996,(6):45-4.
[18]徐恒永,赵振东,刘爱锋,等.氮肥对优质专用小麦产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2001,2:13-17.
[2]Blumenthal C S,bekes F,Gras P W,et al.Identification of wheat grnotypes tolerant to the effects of heat stress on grain quality[J].Cereal Cheam,1994,75:539-544.
[3]李永庚,于振文,张秀杰,等.小麦产量与品质对灌浆不同阶段高温胁迫的响应[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(3):461-466.
[4]赵辉,戴廷波,荆奇,等.灌浆期高温对两种品质类型小麦品种籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(3):423-429.
[5]王珏,封超年,郭文善,等.花后高温胁迫对小麦籽粒淀粉积累及晶体特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28.
[6]杜世州,曹承富,张耀兰,等.氮肥基追比例对淮北地区超高产小麦产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(6):1027-1033.
[7]赵广才,李春喜,张保明,等.不同施氮比例和时期对冬小麦氮素利用的影响[J].华北农学报,2000,15(3):99-102.
[8]赵晶晶.花后高温胁迫下不同施氮量对春小麦产量形成的影响研究[D].宁夏大学,2015.
[9]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:159-165.
[10]李玲.植物生理学模块实验指导[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[11]徐如强,孙其信,张树接.小麦耐热性研究现状与展望[J].中国农业大学学报,1998,3(3):33-40.
[12]刘萍,郭文善,浦汉春,等.灌浆期短暂高温对小麦淀粉形成的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(2):182-18.
[13]Panozzo J F,Eagles H A.Cultivar and environmental effects on quality characters in wheat:I.Starch[J].Aust J Agric Res,1998,49:757-766.
[14]方克旋,王澄.小麦直链淀粉含量测定及其含量对食品品质的影响[J].中国粮油食品,1985,2:27-28.
[15]He Z H,Rajaram S.Differential responses of bread wheat characters to high temperature[J].Euphytica,1994,72(3):197-203.
[16]Keeling P L,Bacon P J,Holt D C.Elevated temperature reduced starch deposition in wheat endosperm by reducing the activity of sol-uble starch synthase[J].Planta,1993,191(3):342-348.
[17]王立秋,靳占忠,曹敬山.氮肥不同追肥比例和时期对春小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,1996,(6):45-4.
[18]徐恒永,赵振东,刘爱锋,等.氮肥对优质专用小麦产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2001,2:13-17.