杉木闽粤栲异龄复层林的土壤肥力及其涵养水源功能
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摘要
以福建省沙县高砂林场的重点生态区位杉木林为研究对象,研究了450、600、750、900株·hm~(-2)4个间伐保留密度下栽植闽粤栲,各处理林分的土壤物理化学性质、林分持水量及涵养水源功能。结果表明:与套种前和对照杉木纯林相比,异龄复层林土壤深度(h)00.25 mm的水稳性团聚体含量分别提高了19.03%和12.69%;结构体破坏率分别下降了21.52%和11.61%;总孔隙度分别提高了6.57%和4.95%。与套种前相比,0涵养水源功能,以600株·hm~(-2)保留密度套种的效果最优。
With Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed with Castanopsis fissa under densities of 450,600,750 and 900 stem·hm~(-2) after thinning located at the key ecological niches in Gaosha Forest Farm of Shaxian County. The soil physical and chemical properties,water-holding capacity,and water conservation function were measured. The soil density was decreased,respectively,by 10.15% and 9.52% in 0-20 cm layer of the soil in different-aged compound storied C. fissa and C. lanceolata plantations compared with that before inter-cropped and pure C. lanceolata control. Similarly,the content of water-stable aggregates particle size( D) D>0.25 mm increased by 19.03% and 12.69%,while structure destruction rate decreased by21.52% and 11.61%,respectively. Meanwhile,total porosity was increased by 6.57% and 4.95%. Compared with plantations before inter-cropped,contents of total P,N,and organic matter in soil of 0-20 cm layer were increased by 39.02%,26.96%,and 29.33%,and those of rapid K,P,and hydrolysable nitrogen increased by 24.32%,38.09%,and 14.37%,respectively. Compared to the pure C. lanceolata plantation,the total water holding quantity was enhanced by 19.8%,the while surface runoff coefficient was decreased by 23.21% in the uneven aged mixture,and the soil of 20-40 cm layer was also present with the same trend. By the analysis of variance,each retention density can significantly improve soil properties and water conservation function,among which the optional density was 600 tree·hm~(-2).
With Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed with Castanopsis fissa under densities of 450,600,750 and 900 stem·hm~(-2) after thinning located at the key ecological niches in Gaosha Forest Farm of Shaxian County. The soil physical and chemical properties,water-holding capacity,and water conservation function were measured. The soil density was decreased,respectively,by 10.15% and 9.52% in 0-20 cm layer of the soil in different-aged compound storied C. fissa and C. lanceolata plantations compared with that before inter-cropped and pure C. lanceolata control. Similarly,the content of water-stable aggregates particle size( D) D>0.25 mm increased by 19.03% and 12.69%,while structure destruction rate decreased by21.52% and 11.61%,respectively. Meanwhile,total porosity was increased by 6.57% and 4.95%. Compared with plantations before inter-cropped,contents of total P,N,and organic matter in soil of 0-20 cm layer were increased by 39.02%,26.96%,and 29.33%,and those of rapid K,P,and hydrolysable nitrogen increased by 24.32%,38.09%,and 14.37%,respectively. Compared to the pure C. lanceolata plantation,the total water holding quantity was enhanced by 19.8%,the while surface runoff coefficient was decreased by 23.21% in the uneven aged mixture,and the soil of 20-40 cm layer was also present with the same trend. By the analysis of variance,each retention density can significantly improve soil properties and water conservation function,among which the optional density was 600 tree·hm~(-2).
引文
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[20]毛波,希斌,唐国华.诱导改造对大兴安岭低质山杨林土壤肥力的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(8):50-53.
[21]郭琦,王新杰,衣晓丹.不同林龄杉木纯林下生物量与土壤理化性质的相关性[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(3):85-88.
[22]罗佳,田育新,周小玲,等.不同造林模式水源涵养功能研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(3):79-85.
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[25]祁金虎,杨会侠,丁国泉,等.抚育间伐对辽东山区人工红松林土壤物理性质及持水特性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(5):48-51.
[26]洪宜聪.马尾松闽粤栲异龄复层混交林的林分特征及涵养水源能力[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(4):54-59.
[27]洪宜聪.杉木林套种闽粤栲林分特性及其涵养水源功能[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):71-77.
[28]乐兴钊.闽粤栲人工促进天然更新林分特征及土壤肥力[J].林业勘察设计,2016,36(4):19-21.
[29]洪宜聪,乐兴钊.闽粤栲人促林的土壤肥力与涵养水源功能[J].福建林业科技,2017,44(2):51-57.
[30]乐兴钊.马尾松闽粤栲套种林的林木生长状况分析[J].林业调查规划,2017,42(3):108-112.
[2]杜燕,郑小贤,罗梅.将乐县常绿阔叶林主导功能类型的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(2):39-43.
[3]周洋,郑小贤,王琦,等.福建三明栲类次生林主要树种更新生态位研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(4):84-88.
[4]樊艳荣,陈双林,林华,等.不同林下植被干扰措施对毛竹林下植物种群分布格局的影响[J].生物多样性,2013,21(6):709-714.
[5]福建省质量技术监督局.主要针叶造林树种抚育间伐技术规程:DB35/T76-2003[S].福州:福建省标准化研究院,2003.
[6]福建省质量技术监督局.闽粤栲栽培技术规范:DB35/T1525-2015[S].福州:福建省标准化研究院,2015.
[7]林明春.闽粤栲人工林生物量研究[J].林业科技开发,2014,28(6):34-37.
[8]洪宜聪.杉木闽粤栲混交林分特征与水土保持功能研究[J].江苏林业科技,2016,43(5):18-24.
[9]杨玉盛,林鹏,郭剑芬,等.格氏栲天然林与人工林凋落物数量、养分归还及凋落叶分解[J].生态学报,2003,23(7):1278-1289.
[10]郑路,卢立.我国森林地表凋落物现存量及养分特征[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(1):63-69.
[11]曾锋,邱治军,许秀玉.森林凋落物分解研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(1):239-243.
[12]赵亮生,闫文德,项文化,等.不同年龄阶段杉木人工林枯落物层水文特征[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(4):1-5.
[13]李志安,邹碧,丁永桢,等.森林凋落物分解重要影响因子及其研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(6):77-83.
[14]魏重和.坡位对杉木×闽粤栲混交林和杉木纯林养分积累的影响[J].福建林业科技,2011,38(4):46-50.
[15]PRESCOTT C E.Do rates of litter decomposition tell us anything we reallyneed to know[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,220(1/2/3):66-74.
[16]杨柳林.福建樟湖35年生楠木人工林水源涵养功能研究[J].福建林业科技,2005,32(3):51-54.
[17]孟楚,周君璞,郑小贤.福建将乐林场栲类次生林健康评价研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(4):198-203.
[18]ANDREASSIAN V.Water and forests:from historical controversy to scientific debate[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,29(1):1-27.
[19]凌威,王新杰,刘乐,等.皆伐与不同迹地清理方式对杉木土壤化学性质的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(4):48-53.
[20]毛波,希斌,唐国华.诱导改造对大兴安岭低质山杨林土壤肥力的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(8):50-53.
[21]郭琦,王新杰,衣晓丹.不同林龄杉木纯林下生物量与土壤理化性质的相关性[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(3):85-88.
[22]罗佳,田育新,周小玲,等.不同造林模式水源涵养功能研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(3):79-85.
[23]PUTUHENA W M,CORDERY I.Some hydrological effects of changing forest cover from eucalypts to Pinus radiata[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2000,100(1):59-72.
[24]MURPHY S R,LODGE G M,HARDEN S.Surface soil water dynamics in pastures in northern New South Wales.3.Evapotranspiration[J].Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,2004,44(6):571-583.
[25]祁金虎,杨会侠,丁国泉,等.抚育间伐对辽东山区人工红松林土壤物理性质及持水特性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(5):48-51.
[26]洪宜聪.马尾松闽粤栲异龄复层混交林的林分特征及涵养水源能力[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(4):54-59.
[27]洪宜聪.杉木林套种闽粤栲林分特性及其涵养水源功能[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):71-77.
[28]乐兴钊.闽粤栲人工促进天然更新林分特征及土壤肥力[J].林业勘察设计,2016,36(4):19-21.
[29]洪宜聪,乐兴钊.闽粤栲人促林的土壤肥力与涵养水源功能[J].福建林业科技,2017,44(2):51-57.
[30]乐兴钊.马尾松闽粤栲套种林的林木生长状况分析[J].林业调查规划,2017,42(3):108-112.