南海深水气田开发FLNG液化工艺的优化
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摘要
天然气液化工艺是海上浮式液化天然气船(Floating Liquid Natural Gas,FLNG)的关键技术之一,目前国内外尚无专门针对FLNG液化工艺设计的标准,有必要针对FLNG的液化工艺流程和优化方法开展研究。以中国南海某深水气田为研究目标,根据海上FLNG的特点和对国外FLNG项目液化工艺的调研,提出了FLNG液化工艺选择原则与优化方法,筛选出6种可能适合于目标气田的液化工艺流程,并对其在压缩功耗、冷却负荷、主要设备等方面进行综合比选,初步筛选出丙烷预冷-双级氮膨胀液化工艺作为目标气田液化工艺,并采用软件动态模拟和试验验证该液化工艺在海上的适应性。软件动态模拟结果和试验结果趋势一致,验证了动态模型的准确性以及利用动态仿真预测试验结果的可行性,表明该液化工艺具有较好的动态性能和海上适应性。最终确定将丙烷预冷-双级氮膨胀液化工艺作为目标气田的FLNG液化工艺,并为其他FLNG项目液化工艺的选择提供了技术支持和参考依据。
Liquefaction process of natural gas is one of the key technologies of offshore Floating Liquid Natural Gas(FLNG), and at present, there isn't any standard dedicated to the design of FLNG liquefaction process at home and abroad, so it is necessary to study the liquefaction process and optimization method for FLNG. In the paper, a certain deepwater gas field in the South China Sea was taken as the research object. According to the characteristics of offshore FLNG and the investigation on liquefaction processes in foreign FLNG projects, the selection principles and optimization methods of FLNG liquefaction processes were proposed, and accordingly six liquefaction processes that may be suitable for the target gas field were screened out. Then, these six liquefaction processes were compared comprehensively from the aspects of compression power, cooling load and main equipment. And the liquefaction process of propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion sub-cooling was preliminarily selected as the liquefaction process of the deepwater gas field in the South China Sea, and its offshore adaptability was verified using software dynamic simulation and tests. The software dynamic simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, indicating the accuracy of the dynamic model and the feasibility of applying the dynamic simulation to predict the experimental results. It is revealed that the liquefaction process of propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion sub-cooling is better in dynamic performance and offshore adaptability. And it was ultimately selected as the FLNG liquefaction process of target gas field. This optimization method provides the technical support and reference for the selection of liquefaction processes in other FLNG projects.
Liquefaction process of natural gas is one of the key technologies of offshore Floating Liquid Natural Gas(FLNG), and at present, there isn't any standard dedicated to the design of FLNG liquefaction process at home and abroad, so it is necessary to study the liquefaction process and optimization method for FLNG. In the paper, a certain deepwater gas field in the South China Sea was taken as the research object. According to the characteristics of offshore FLNG and the investigation on liquefaction processes in foreign FLNG projects, the selection principles and optimization methods of FLNG liquefaction processes were proposed, and accordingly six liquefaction processes that may be suitable for the target gas field were screened out. Then, these six liquefaction processes were compared comprehensively from the aspects of compression power, cooling load and main equipment. And the liquefaction process of propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion sub-cooling was preliminarily selected as the liquefaction process of the deepwater gas field in the South China Sea, and its offshore adaptability was verified using software dynamic simulation and tests. The software dynamic simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, indicating the accuracy of the dynamic model and the feasibility of applying the dynamic simulation to predict the experimental results. It is revealed that the liquefaction process of propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion sub-cooling is better in dynamic performance and offshore adaptability. And it was ultimately selected as the FLNG liquefaction process of target gas field. This optimization method provides the technical support and reference for the selection of liquefaction processes in other FLNG projects.
引文
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[15]喻西崇,谢彬,邬亚玲,等.大型FLNG/FLPG装置上部模块二氧化碳预冷双氮膨胀液化工艺方法[J].油气储运,2014,33(1):68-71.YU X C,XIE B,WU Y L,et al.Liquefaction technology of CO2-precooled dual nitrogen expansion for large FLNG/FLPGdevice top module[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(1):68-71.
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[18]朱建鲁,李玉星,王武昌,等.海上天然气液化工艺流程优选[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):98-104.ZHU J L,LI Y X,WANG W C,et al.Optimal selection of natural gas liquefaction process for an LNG-FPSO unit[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):98-104.
[19]LIN R Y,YU X C.Exergy analysis for LNG refrigeration cycle[C].Sydney:2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring,2011:212-214.
[20]顾安忠.液化天然气技术手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:75-80.GU A Z.LNG technical manual[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2010:75-80.
[21]喻西崇,谢彬,李玉星,等.南海深水气田FLNG装置丙烷预冷双氮膨胀液化工艺流程关键运行参数影响分析[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(3):138-144.YU X C,XIE B,LI Y X,et al.Analysis of key parameters in the propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion liquefaction process for the FLNG in deepwater gas field in south China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(3):138-144.
[22]盛欢欢.FLNG丙烷预冷双氮膨胀天然气液化工艺及动态特性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013:65-70.SHENG H H.FLNG propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion liquefaction and dynamic analysis[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2013:65-70.
[23]YU X C,XIE B,LI Y X,et al.Floating Liquid Natural Gas(FLNG)liquefaction process analysis for South China Sea deep water gas field[C].Hawaii:International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,2015:ISOPE-I-15-105.
[24]YU X C,XIE B,LI Y X,et al.Optimization analysis of heavy hydrocarbon recovery process for FLNG unit applicable for South China Sea target gas field[C].San Francisco:International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,2017:ISOPE-I-17-458.
[25]朱建鲁,李玉星,王武昌,等.晃荡条件下氮膨胀液化过程冷箱运行可靠性实验[J].化工学报,2013,64(4):1183-1190.ZHU J L,LI Y X,WANG W C,et al.Reliability experiments in a cold box with nitrogen expansion liquefaction process[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(4):1183-1190.
[2]IVIN I,VEGARD H.LNG FPSO-Solving the supply shortfall[C].Houston:The 2009 Offshore Technology Conference,2009:OTC 20102.
[3]DANIELSEN H,ANDREASSENl.Onshore versus offshore LNG import facilities-The commercial advantages and limitations[C].Houston:The 2009 Offshore Technology Conference,2009:OTC 19551-MS.
[4]PASTOOR L W,LUND K,TVEITNES T.The LNG producerA generic design with great adaptability[C].Houston:The 2009Offshore Technology Conference,2009:OTC 19845-MS.
[5]谢彬,喻西崇,韩旭亮,等.FLNG研究现状及在中国南海深远海气田开发中的应用前景[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(2):127-134.XIE B,YU X C,HAN X L,et al.Research status of FLNG and its application prospect for deep water gas field development in South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(2):127-134.
[6]国际船舶网.三星重工将延期交付全球最大FLNG[EB/OL].(2016-08-15)[2016-10-05].http://www.eworldship.com/html/2016/New Ship Under Construnction_0815/118564.html.Eworldship.com.Samsung Heavy Industries will delay the delivery of the world’s largest FLNG[EB/OL].(2016-08-15)[2016-10-05].http://www.eworldship.com/html/2016/New Ship Under Construnction_0815/118564.html.
[7]国际船舶网.Petronas考虑暂停或撤销PFLNG2建造[EB/OL].(2016-02-29)[2016-10-05].http://www.eworldship.com/html/2016/Ship Owner_0229/112388.html.Eworldship.com.Petronas considered suspending or canceling the construction of PFLNG2[EB/OL].(2016-02-29)[2016-10-05].http://www.eworldship.com/html/2016/Ship Owner_0229/112388.html.
[8]国际船舶网.惠生海工完成全球首个FLNG性能考核[EB/OL].(2016-09-28)[2016-10-05].http://www.eworldship.com/html/2016/New Ship Under Construnction_0928/120284.html.Eworldship.com.Wison Offshore completed the world’s first FLNG performance appraisal[EB/OL].(2016-09-28)[2016-10-05].http://www.eworldship.com/html/2016/New Ship Under Const runction_0928/120284.html.
[9]SONG K,LEE S,SHIN S,et al.Simulation-based optimization methodology for offshore natural gas liquefaction process design[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2014,53(13):5539-5544.
[10]喻西崇,谢彬,冯加果,等.适合我国南海深水气田开发的小型浮式液化天然气船FLNG技术可行性分析[J].中国造船,2016,57(增刊1):1-10.YU X C,XIE B,FENG J G,et al.Feasibility analysis on smallscale FLNG suitable for South China Sea[J].Shipbuilding of China,2016,57(S1):1-10.
[11]谢彬,王世圣,喻西崇,等.FLNG/FLPG工程模式及经济性评价[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):99-102.XIE B,WANG S S,YU X C,et al.FLNG/FLPG engineering mode and economic evaluation[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(10):99-102.
[12]谢彬,谢文会,喻西崇.海上浮式液化天然气生产装置及关键技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2016:1-8.XIE B,XIE W H,YU X C.Offshore fl oating gas liquefaction unit and key technologies[M].Beijing:China Petro Chemical Press,2016:1-8.
[13]吴尧增,王文祥,洪毅,等.FLNG液化冷剂压缩机和主制冷换热器关键技术的突破[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):129-136.WU Y Z,WANG W X,HONG Y,et al.Key FLNG liquefaction technologies for refrigerant compressors and main cryogenic heat exchangers[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):129-136.
[14]李玉星,朱建鲁,王武昌,等.FLNG液化工艺的关键技术[J].油气储运,2017,36(2):121-131.LI Y X,ZHU J L,WANG W C,et al.Key FLNG liquefaction technologies[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(2):121-131.
[15]喻西崇,谢彬,邬亚玲,等.大型FLNG/FLPG装置上部模块二氧化碳预冷双氮膨胀液化工艺方法[J].油气储运,2014,33(1):68-71.YU X C,XIE B,WU Y L,et al.Liquefaction technology of CO2-precooled dual nitrogen expansion for large FLNG/FLPGdevice top module[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(1):68-71.
[16]朱刚,顾安忠.新型液化天然气浮式生产储卸装置[J].中国海上油气,2000,12(6):1-4.ZHU G,GU A Z.The new floating LNG production storage and offloading system[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2000,12(6):1-4.
[17]王保庆.天然气液化工艺技术比较分析[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):111-113.WANG B Q.LNG processing technologies and comparison analysis[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(1):111-113.
[18]朱建鲁,李玉星,王武昌,等.海上天然气液化工艺流程优选[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):98-104.ZHU J L,LI Y X,WANG W C,et al.Optimal selection of natural gas liquefaction process for an LNG-FPSO unit[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):98-104.
[19]LIN R Y,YU X C.Exergy analysis for LNG refrigeration cycle[C].Sydney:2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring,2011:212-214.
[20]顾安忠.液化天然气技术手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:75-80.GU A Z.LNG technical manual[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2010:75-80.
[21]喻西崇,谢彬,李玉星,等.南海深水气田FLNG装置丙烷预冷双氮膨胀液化工艺流程关键运行参数影响分析[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(3):138-144.YU X C,XIE B,LI Y X,et al.Analysis of key parameters in the propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion liquefaction process for the FLNG in deepwater gas field in south China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(3):138-144.
[22]盛欢欢.FLNG丙烷预冷双氮膨胀天然气液化工艺及动态特性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013:65-70.SHENG H H.FLNG propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion liquefaction and dynamic analysis[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2013:65-70.
[23]YU X C,XIE B,LI Y X,et al.Floating Liquid Natural Gas(FLNG)liquefaction process analysis for South China Sea deep water gas field[C].Hawaii:International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,2015:ISOPE-I-15-105.
[24]YU X C,XIE B,LI Y X,et al.Optimization analysis of heavy hydrocarbon recovery process for FLNG unit applicable for South China Sea target gas field[C].San Francisco:International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,2017:ISOPE-I-17-458.
[25]朱建鲁,李玉星,王武昌,等.晃荡条件下氮膨胀液化过程冷箱运行可靠性实验[J].化工学报,2013,64(4):1183-1190.ZHU J L,LI Y X,WANG W C,et al.Reliability experiments in a cold box with nitrogen expansion liquefaction process[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(4):1183-1190.