石油烃对海洋生物的毒性
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摘要
为探究石油烃对海洋生物的毒性影响,采用半静水法探究了0号柴油对大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、红螺(Rapana bezona Linnaeus)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin)的急性毒性影响和对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)三种酶活性的慢性毒性影响。实验结果表明0号柴油对大泷六线鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为44.27、18.79、12.02和4.50 mg/L,对红螺的48 h、72 h、96 h的LC_(50)分别为595.6、232.2和102.3 mg/L,0号柴油对大泷六线鱼、红螺的安全阈值分别为0.45和10.23 mg/L。对三角褐指藻的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h、120 h、144 h半抑制浓度(EC_(50))分别为13.43、10.47、5.32、4.05、3.48和3.00 mg/L。研究得出海洋生物对0号柴油耐受性的大小顺序为贝类>鱼类>浮游生物。通过石油烃对缢蛏的30 d慢性毒性试验研究发现,石油烃对缢蛏体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的影响整体上呈低浓度诱导、高浓度抑制,随着时间延长抑制效应增加的规律,其中AKP对石油烃的反应最为敏感,抑制效应最强。
In order to explore the toxic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms,the semi-hydrostatic method was used to investigate the acute toxicity effects of No.0 diesel on Hexagrammos otakii,Rapana bezona Linnaeus and Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, and the chronic toxicity effects on three enzyme activities of Sinonovacula constricta.The experimental results showed that the LC_(50) values of No.0 diesel oil for Hexagrammos otakii in 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h were 44.27,18.79,12.02 and 4.50 mg/L,respectively.The LC_(50) values of Rapana bezona Linnaeus in 48 h,72 h and 96 h were 595.6,232.2 and 102.3 mg/L,respectively.The safety thresholds of No.0 diesel for Hexagrammos otakii and Rapana bezona Linnaeus were 0.45 and 10.23 mg/L,respectively.The semi-inhibitory concentrations(EC_(50)) of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin in 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,120 h and 144 h were 13.43,10.47,5.32,4.05, 3.48 and 3.00 mg/L,respectively.It is concluded that the order of tolerance of marine organisms to No.0 diesel is shellfish > fish > plankton.A 30-day chronic toxicity study on Sinonovacula constricta found that petroleum hydrocarbons affect superoxide dismutase(SOD),alkaline phosphatase(AKP) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX).The effect is that the whole concentration is low concentration induction,high concentration inhibition,and the inhibition effect increases with time.Among them,AKP is most sensitive to petroleum hydrocarbons,and the inhibition effect is the strongest.
In order to explore the toxic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms,the semi-hydrostatic method was used to investigate the acute toxicity effects of No.0 diesel on Hexagrammos otakii,Rapana bezona Linnaeus and Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, and the chronic toxicity effects on three enzyme activities of Sinonovacula constricta.The experimental results showed that the LC_(50) values of No.0 diesel oil for Hexagrammos otakii in 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h were 44.27,18.79,12.02 and 4.50 mg/L,respectively.The LC_(50) values of Rapana bezona Linnaeus in 48 h,72 h and 96 h were 595.6,232.2 and 102.3 mg/L,respectively.The safety thresholds of No.0 diesel for Hexagrammos otakii and Rapana bezona Linnaeus were 0.45 and 10.23 mg/L,respectively.The semi-inhibitory concentrations(EC_(50)) of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin in 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,120 h and 144 h were 13.43,10.47,5.32,4.05, 3.48 and 3.00 mg/L,respectively.It is concluded that the order of tolerance of marine organisms to No.0 diesel is shellfish > fish > plankton.A 30-day chronic toxicity study on Sinonovacula constricta found that petroleum hydrocarbons affect superoxide dismutase(SOD),alkaline phosphatase(AKP) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX).The effect is that the whole concentration is low concentration induction,high concentration inhibition,and the inhibition effect increases with time.Among them,AKP is most sensitive to petroleum hydrocarbons,and the inhibition effect is the strongest.
引文
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[12] Jiang Z,Huang Y,Chen Q,et al.Acute toxicity of crude oil water accommodated fraction on marine copepods: the relative importance of acclimatization temperature and body size[J].Marine Environmental Research,2012,81(3):12-17.
[13] 夏斌,陈碧鹃,李传慧,等.胜利原油对半滑舌鳎肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2011,32(1):53-59.
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[17] 张爱君,邹洁,马兆党,等.石油污染对牡蛎超显微结构毒性效应的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(s1):6-10.
[18]陈皓鋆,房建孟,印春生,等.经消油剂处理的石油水溶组分对刺参幼参的急性毒性研究[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(3):414-417.
[19] 刘娜,熊德琪,高会,等.柴油和燃料油对小球藻的急性毒性试验研究[J]海洋环境科学,2006(S1):29-32.
[20] 廖国祥.基于GIS的溢油污染对海洋生物资源损害评估研究[D].大连海事大学,2008.
[21] 贾晓平,林钦.原油和燃油对南海重要海水增养殖生物的急性毒性试验[J].水产学报,2000,24(1):33-36.
[22] 韩亚鹏,范晓峰,张小霞,等.石油污染物对涡虫体内三种酶活性的影响[J].绵阳师范学院学报,2015(11):68-72.
[23] Wootton E C,Dyrynda E A,Ratcliffe N A.Bivalve immunity: comparisons between the marine mussel (Mytilus edulis),the edible cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and the razor-shell (Ensis siliqua)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2003,15(3):195-210.
[24] Dussauze M,Danion M,Le F S,et al.Innate immunity and antioxidant systems in different tissues of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to crude oil dispersed mechanically or chemically with Corexit 9500[J].Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety,2015,120:270-278.
[25] Ordás M C,Albaigés J,Bayona J M,et al.Assessment of in vivo effects of the prestige fuel oil spill on the Mediterranean mussel immune system[J]. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol,2007,52(2): 200–206.
[26] Francioni E,De L R W A,Scofield A L,et al.Evaluation of the mussel Perna perna as a biomonitor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and effects[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,54(3):329-338.
[27] Peng L,Zeng J N,Huang W,et al.Effects of cadmium and aroclor 1254 on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels in Mytilus coruscus[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(3):718-726.
[28] M.Solé,Porte C,J.Albaigés.Mixed-function oxygenase system components and antioxidant enzymes in different marine bivalves: Its relation with contaminant body burdens[J].Aquatic Toxicology,1994,30(3):271-283.
[2] 沈南南,李纯厚,王晓伟.石油污染对海洋浮游生物的影响[J].生物技术通报,2006(s1):95-99.
[3] 陈建华,阎斌伦,李盈蕾,等.石油烃和镉对毛蚶的急性毒性与联合毒性效应研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,03(3):85-89.
[4] 宋文萍,戴媛媛,郑德斌,等.原油水溶液对海洋生物毒性影响的研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2014,31(1):84-86.
[5] 齐磊磊,沙婧婧,唐学玺.石油污染对东方小藤壶(Chthamalus challengeri)Ⅱ期无节幼虫的急性毒性效应[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(3):367-372.
[6] 陈洪彬.环状异帽藻和双齿围沙蚕对石油烃的毒性响应研究[D].天津大学,2015.
[7] 田丽粉,任仲,崔毅,等.胜利原油对褐牙鲆仔稚鱼的急性毒性和幼鱼碱性磷酸酶的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2008,29(6):95-100.
[8] 吴彰宽,陈国江.二十三种有害物质对对虾的急性致毒试验[J].海洋科学,1988,12(4):36-40.
[9] 李言涛.海上溢油的处理与回收[J].海洋湖沼通报,1996(1):73-8
[10] 田立杰,张瑞安.海洋油污染对海洋生态环境的影响[J].海洋湖沼通报,1999(2):65-69.
[11] Karavalakis G,Fontaras G,Ampatzoglou D,et al.Effects of low concentration biodiesel blends application on modern passenger cars.Part 3: impact on PAH,nitro-PAH,and oxy-PAH emissions[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(5):1584-1594.
[12] Jiang Z,Huang Y,Chen Q,et al.Acute toxicity of crude oil water accommodated fraction on marine copepods: the relative importance of acclimatization temperature and body size[J].Marine Environmental Research,2012,81(3):12-17.
[13] 夏斌,陈碧鹃,李传慧,等.胜利原油对半滑舌鳎肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2011,32(1):53-59.
[14] 李传慧,夏斌,陈碧鹃,等.胜利原油对半滑舌鳎幼鱼肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(6):827-830.
[15] Scott-Fordsmand J J,Weeks J M.Biomarkers in Earthworms[J]Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2000:117-59.
[16] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析:GB 17378.4-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[17] 张爱君,邹洁,马兆党,等.石油污染对牡蛎超显微结构毒性效应的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(s1):6-10.
[18]陈皓鋆,房建孟,印春生,等.经消油剂处理的石油水溶组分对刺参幼参的急性毒性研究[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(3):414-417.
[19] 刘娜,熊德琪,高会,等.柴油和燃料油对小球藻的急性毒性试验研究[J]海洋环境科学,2006(S1):29-32.
[20] 廖国祥.基于GIS的溢油污染对海洋生物资源损害评估研究[D].大连海事大学,2008.
[21] 贾晓平,林钦.原油和燃油对南海重要海水增养殖生物的急性毒性试验[J].水产学报,2000,24(1):33-36.
[22] 韩亚鹏,范晓峰,张小霞,等.石油污染物对涡虫体内三种酶活性的影响[J].绵阳师范学院学报,2015(11):68-72.
[23] Wootton E C,Dyrynda E A,Ratcliffe N A.Bivalve immunity: comparisons between the marine mussel (Mytilus edulis),the edible cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and the razor-shell (Ensis siliqua)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2003,15(3):195-210.
[24] Dussauze M,Danion M,Le F S,et al.Innate immunity and antioxidant systems in different tissues of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to crude oil dispersed mechanically or chemically with Corexit 9500[J].Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety,2015,120:270-278.
[25] Ordás M C,Albaigés J,Bayona J M,et al.Assessment of in vivo effects of the prestige fuel oil spill on the Mediterranean mussel immune system[J]. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol,2007,52(2): 200–206.
[26] Francioni E,De L R W A,Scofield A L,et al.Evaluation of the mussel Perna perna as a biomonitor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and effects[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,54(3):329-338.
[27] Peng L,Zeng J N,Huang W,et al.Effects of cadmium and aroclor 1254 on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels in Mytilus coruscus[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(3):718-726.
[28] M.Solé,Porte C,J.Albaigés.Mixed-function oxygenase system components and antioxidant enzymes in different marine bivalves: Its relation with contaminant body burdens[J].Aquatic Toxicology,1994,30(3):271-283.